Biotechnology Commons^™

Campylobacter Ureolyticus: An Emerging Gastrointestinal Pathogen?, Susan Bullman, Daniel Corcoran, James O'Leary, Brigid Lucey, Deirdre Byrne, Roy D. Sleator

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

A total of 7194 faecal samples collected over a 1-year period from patients presenting with diarrhoea were screened for Campylobacter spp. using EntericBios, a multiplex-PCR system. Of 349 Campylobacter-positive samples, 23.8% were shown to be Campylobacter ureolyticus, using a combination of 16S rRNA gene analysis and highly specific primers targeting the HSP60 gene of this organism. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of C. ureolyticus in the faeces of patients presenting with gastroenteritis and may suggest a role for this organism as an emerging enteric pathogen.

Exhausted Or Unlicensed: Can Field-Of-Use Restrictions In Biotech License Agreements Still Prevent Off-Label Use Promotion After Quanta Computer?, Kristal M. Wicks

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] “In the biotechnology (biotech) industry, companies must be increasingly aware of their intellectual property and how their licensing strategies can impact their rights. When licensing patented technology, it is common practice for biotech companies to include restricted field-of-use provisions in their license agreements. Such provisions permit a licensee to only use licensed technology in a defined field and restrict use or development in another field. This licensing strategy plays an important role within the biotech industry because it allows companies to more effectively control their intellectual property and to more efficiently research and develop pharmaceutical products.

A problem that …

The Gel Documentation System: A Cornerstone To The Implementation Of The Introduction To Biotechnology And Introduction To Bioinformatics Cross-Disciplinary Course Series (Final Report), Marcy Kelly, Gregory Lampard, Constance Knapp

Cornerstone 3 Reports : Interdisciplinary Informatics

Our original goal was to offer Pace undergraduate students opportunities to be introduced to both Biotechnology and Computer Science as it relates to Bioinformatics. We proposed a two course series, offered to both computer science and biology students that will increase both biological and computer science literacy of our students. The two courses are Introduction to Biotechnology (BIO 372) and Introduction to Bioinformatics.

Study Of Population Diversity Of Toxoplasma Gondii, Debashree Majumdar

Masters Theses

Toxoplasma gondii, the causal agent of toxoplasmosis, is an important water and food borne protozoan parasite. T. gondii was previously shown to have a distinct clonal population structure composed of Type I, II and III lineages in North America and Europe. But more recent studies demonstrated high diversity in South America. In the present project we have conducted an intensive study of the population diversity of T. gondii and surveyed the extent of genetic variation among natural T. gondii isolates on a global scale in order to better understand the population dynamics and pathogenesis of this parasite. To this …

The Genomic Sequence And Annotation Of Bacteriophage Hk239, Alice Ann Wright

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and they are the most numerous biological entities on Earth. Temperate phage can adopt two different lifestyles. In the lytic lifestyle, a phage injects its genome into the host and a controlled developmental program ensues. The phage DNA is replicated, phage genes are expressed and new viral particles are assembled. Ultimately, the host cell lyses and the phage particles are released into the environment. In the lysogenic lifestyle, a phage integrates its genome into the host chromosome, creating a prophage. The cell containing the prophage is known as a lysogen. Most prophage genes are …

Development Of A Genetic Modification System In Clostridium Scatologenes Atcc 25775 For Generation Of Mutants, Prasanna Tamarapu Parthasarathy

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

3-Methyl indole (3-MI) is a malodorant in food and animal waste and Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775 is the model organism for the study of 3-MI production. 3-MI is an anaerobic degradation product of L-tryptophan and can cause pulmonary disorders and death in cattle and goats. To elucidate the 3-MI biosynthesis pathway and the underlying genes, it is necessary to develop a system to allow genetic modification in Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775. Bacteriophages and transposons are useful tools to achieve this goal. Isolation of Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775 bacteriophage was attempted by prophage induction and enrichments using environmental sources. To induce …

Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of The Porcine Fto Promoter And Coding Regions.Pdf, Jinming Huang, Yunzhou Yang, Gang Liu, Jibin Zhang, Xinxing Dong, Ying Bai, Meiying Fang

Jibin Zhang

Shoot Tip Transformation In Papaya, Rajesh Pati

Rajesh Pati

No abstract provided.

Intellectual Property Rights, Private Investment In Research, And Productivity Growth In Indian Agriculture A Review Of Evidence And Options, Deepthi Kolady, David J. Spielman, Anthony J. Cavalieri

Deepthi Kolady

Deletion Of The Cel48s Cellulase From Clostridium Thermocellum, Daniel G. Olson, Shital A. Tripathi, Richard J. Giannone, Jonathan Lo, Nicky C. Caiazza, David A. Hogsett, Robert L. Hettich, Adam M. Guss, Genia Dubrovsky, Lee R. Lynd

Dartmouth Scholarship

Clostridium thermocellum is a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium that rapidly solubilizes cellulose with the aid of a multienzyme cellulosome complex. Creation of knockout mutants for Cel48S (also known as CelS, S(S), and S8), the most abundant cellulosome subunit, was undertaken to gain insight into its role in enzymatic and microbial cellulose solubilization. Cultures of the Cel48S deletion mutant (S mutant) were able to completely solubilize 10 g/L crystalline cellulose. The cellulose hydrolysis rate of the S mutant strain was 60% lower than the parent strain, with the S mutant strain also exhibiting a 40% reduction in cell yield. The cellulosome produced …

Micropropagation Of Mangifera Indica L. Cv. Kurakkan Through Somatic Embryogenesis, Rajesh Pati

Rajesh Pati

Nucellar embryogenesis was induced in Mangifera indica L. cv. Kurakkan, a polyembryonic salt tolerant, dwarfing rootstock. Nucellus tissue excised from 3.5 cm long fruits developed pro-embryonic callus in 19 days of inoculation on modified MS medium supplemented with 4.52μM 2,4- D, 0.05% malt extract and 13.78μM spermidine. Somatic embryogenesis exhibited high frequency (158.33 embryos). However, all the differentiated embryos proliferated on medium having low level of sucrose (4% w/v) and auxin (2.26μM 2,4-D). Most of the proembryonic calli converted into heart shaped and cotyledonary embryos by reducing temperature to 15oC. Somatic embryos were matured on modified MS medium fortified with …

Technology In Genomics And Bioinformatics, Timothy Hall

Technology Essay Contest Winners

The advantages that new technological advancements in genomics and bioinformatics provide are numerous and varied. The advent of new technologies provides faster sequencing throughput, making the opportunity available to allow for the sequencing of an entire genome to be completed in twenty-four hours. The input of sequencing data and information into large databases distributes it across the world and provides the ability for comparisons between genes, gene products, mutations, and comparisons between species. The fact that these databases can be accessed instantly will help further catalyze not only developments in genomics but also in the medical field.

Balancing Limiting Factors & Economic Drivers For Sustainable Midwestern Us Agricultural Residue Feedstock Supplies, Wally W. Wilhelm, J. Richard Hess, Douglas L. Karlen, Jane M. F. Johnson, David J. Muth Jr., John M. Baker, Hero T. Gollany, Jeff M. Novak, Diane E. Scott, Gary E. Varvel

David J. Muth

Advanced biofuels will be developed using cellulosic feedstock rather than grain or oilseed crops that can also be used for food and feed. To be sustainable, these new agronomic production systems must be economically viable without degrading the soil and other natural resources. This review examines six agronomic factors that collectively define many of the limits and opportunities for harvesting crop residue for biofuel feedstock in the midwestern United States. The limiting factors include soil organic carbon, wind and water erosion, plant nutrient balance, soil water and temperature dynamics, soil compaction, and off-site environmental impacts. These are discussed in relationship …

Balancing Limiting Factors & Economic Drivers For Sustainable Midwestern Us Agricultural Residue Feedstock Supplies, Wally W. Wilhelm, J. Richard Hess, Douglas L. Karlen, Jane M. F. Johnson, David J. Muth Jr., John M. Baker, Hero T. Gollany, Jeff M. Novak, Diane E. Scott, Gary E. Varvel

Douglas L Karlen

Advanced biofuels will be developed using cellulosic feedstock rather than grain or oilseed crops that can also be used for food and feed. To be sustainable, these new agronomic production systems must be economically viable without degrading the soil and other natural resources. This review examines six agronomic factors that collectively define many of the limits and opportunities for harvesting crop residue for biofuel feedstock in the midwestern United States. The limiting factors include soil organic carbon, wind and water erosion, plant nutrient balance, soil water and temperature dynamics, soil compaction, and off-site environmental impacts. These are discussed in relationship …

Bioinformatics Across The Sciences, Nigel Yarlett

Cornerstone 3 Reports : Interdisciplinary Informatics

No abstract provided.

Development Of Pyrf-Based Genetic System For Targeted Gene Deletion In Clostridium Thermocellum And Creation Of A Pta Mutant, Shital A. Tripathi, Daniel G. Olson, D. Aaron Argyros, Bethany B. Miller, Trisha F. Barrett, Daniel M. Murphy, Jesse D. Mccool, Anne K. Warner, Vineet B. Rajgarhia, Lee R. Lynd, David A. Hogsett, Nicky C. Caiazza

Dartmouth Scholarship

We report development of a genetic system for making targeted gene knockouts in Clostridium thermocellum, a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium that rapidly solubilizes cellulose. A toxic uracil analog, 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA), was used to select for deletion of the pyrF gene. The ΔpyrF strain is a uracil auxotroph that could be restored to a prototroph via ectopic expression of pyrF from a plasmid, providing a positive genetic selection. Furthermore, 5-FOA was used to select against plasmid-expressed pyrF, creating a negative selection for plasmid loss. This technology was used to delete a gene involved in organic acid production, namely pta, which encodes …

An Analysis Of Global Gene Expression Resulting From Exposure To Energetic Materials, Vernon L. Mcintosh Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations

AN ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION RESULTING FROM EXPOSURE TO ENERGETIC MATERIALS

A Dissertation

Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree

University of Tennessee, Knoxville

VERNON LASHAWN MCINTOSH JR.

August 2010

Dedication

This dissertation is dedicated to my family. My mother and father Debra and Vernon McIntosh instilled in me the respect for academic excellence and the drive maximize my potential. Early on, my younger brother Kyle started showing signs of a shared interest in biology thus my desire to be a positive role model for him kept me motivated. Last but certainly not least, my loving wife and best …

Synthesis, Kinetic And Photocatalytic Studies Of Porphyrin-Ruthenium-Oxo Complexes, Yan Huang

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Macrocyclic ligand-complexed transition metal-oxo intermediates are the active oxidizing species in a variety of important biological and catalytic oxidation reactions. Many transition metal catalysts have been designed to mimic the predominant oxidation catalysts in Nature, namely the cytochrome P450 enzymes. Ruthenium porphyrin complexes have been the center of the research and have successfully been utilized, as catalysts, in major oxidation reactions such as the hydroxylation of alkanes. This study focuses on kinetic and photocatalytic studies of oxidation reactions with wellcharacterized high-valent ruthenium-oxo porphyrin complexes.
The trans-dioxoruthenium(VI) porphyrins have been among the best characterized metal-oxo intermediates and their involvement as …

Fungal Endophytes Enhance Growth And Production Of Natural Products In Echinacea Purpurea (Moench.), Richard James Gualandi Jr.

Masters Theses

Echinacea purpurea is a native herbaceous perennial with substantial economic value for its medicinal and ornamental qualities. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are symbiotic fungi that form relationships with plant roots and are known to enhance growth in the host. Mycorrhizae and other fungal endophytes often affect stress resistance and secondary metabolism in the host, as well as the ecology of other endophytes in the plant. A newly emerging paradigm in sustainable biotechnique is the targeted use of fungal endophytes to enhance growth and secondary metabolism in crops. Many of the therapeutic compounds in E. purpurea could be affected by fungal colonization. In …

Species Boundaries And Evolutionary Lineages In The Blue Green Damselfishes Chromis Viridis And Chromis Atripectoralis (Pomacentridae), Philadelphia University

Philadelphia University, Jordan

No abstract provided.

Optimal Control Of A Switched System In Microbial Fed-Batch Fermentation Process, Chongyang Liu, Zhaohua Gong, Enmin Feng

Chongyang Liu

The main control goal in fed-batch fermentation process is to get a high concentration of production. In this paper, by taking the feed rate of glycerol as the control function, a nonlinear switched system is proposed to formulate the fed-batch fermentation process of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD). To maximize the concentration of 1,3-PD at the terminal time, an optimal switching control model subject to constraints of continuous state inequality and control function is presented. A computational approach is developed to seek the optimal solution in two aspects. On the one hand, the control parametrization enhancing transform together with the control …

Leveling The Playing Field In Gmo Risk Assessment: Importers, Exporters, And The Limits Of Science, Alison Peck

Law Faculty Scholarship

The WTO system requires that trade restrictions meant to protect health and safety be based on a risk assessment supported by “sufficient scientific evidence.” Scholars and international standards organizations have pointed out, however, that science is incapable of providing answers to questions of health and safety without incorporating the risk assessors’ value judgments and assumptions. Before GMO-importing countries conduct risk assessments, GMO-producing and exporting countries have already conducted their own risk assessments, which led to their decision to produce and market the products in the first place. Both the exporting and importing countries’ risk assessments employ science informed by the …

Growth Hormone Alters Components Related To Differentiation, Metabolism And Milk Synthesis And Secretion In Mac-T Cells, Tasha Lynn Johnson

Master's Theses

The mammary alveolar cell-T (MAC-T) cell line is able to uniformly differentiate and secrete casein proteins in response to dexamethasone, insulin and prolactin and is extensively used to study bovine mammary epithelial cell function. Growth hormone (GH) has been shown to increase milk protein synthesis both in vivo and in mammary cell models, and induce cytoskeletal rearrangement in 3T3 fibroblast cell line and a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. Few studies have focused on identifying the mechanisms involved in differentiated MAC-T cells’ response to GH. We tested the hypothesis that MAC-T cells would respond directly to GH and that …

Juvenile Justice, Sullivan, And Graham: How The Supreme Court’S Decision Will Change The Neuroscience Debate, Johanna Cooper Jennings

Duke Law & Technology Review

Over the past twenty years, neuroscientists have discovered that brain maturation continues through an individual’s mid-twenties. The United States Supreme Court cited this research to support its abolition of the juvenile death penalty in Roper v. Simmons. Now the Court is faced with two cases that challenge the constitutionality of sentencing juveniles to life imprisonment without parole. Many believe these studies indicate that juveniles are both less culpable for their actions and more likely to reform; therefore, life in prison for juveniles is disproportionate, cruel, and unusual. However, others caution against the use of these studies in deciding issues of …

Evaluation Of Genetic Diversity Of Flowering Dogwood (Cornus Florida L.) In The Eastern United States Using Microsatellites., Denita Hadziabdic

Doctoral Dissertations

Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) populations have experienced severe declines caused by dogwood anthracnose in the past three decades. Mortality has ranged from 48 to 98%, raising the concern that genetic diversity of this native tree has been reduced significantly. Microsatellite data were used to evaluate the level and distribution of genetic variation throughout much of the native range of the tree. In the first conducted study, we found that genetic variation in areas affected by anthracnose was as high as or higher than areas without die-offs. We found evidence of four widespread, spatially contiguous genetic clusters. However, there was …

Turning Packaging Into Profit, Rihaz Z. Chughatta

Rihaz Z Chughatta

Packaging can be an expensive function to maintain, but it doesn’t have to be. In fact, Packaging can be a source of income for a company. More accurately, what if you took a look at your company’s Profit and Loss and saw Packaging as a negative expense? That’s right, you can turn packaging into profit for your company. How do you accomplish this feat? Glad you asked … read on to find three simple ways to start this process (and satisfy your curiosity) …

Molecular Analysis Of Trypanosoma Cruzi Isolates Obtained From Raccoons (Procyon Lotor) In Warren And Barren Counties Of Kentucky, Lipeng Bi

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, infects a variety of wild mammals in the southern United States, but it has only recently been isolated from raccoons trapped in the state of Kentucky. The purpose of the present study was to use a molecular genotyping approach, followed by DNA sequencing to determine the genotypes (type I, or types IIa-IIe) of 15 of the Kentucky isolates. DNA samples were prepared from 15 T. cruzi- isolates using a Qiagen mini kit, and PCR amplification was performed using published primers for the 24S α rDNA sequence (D71 and D72), the …

Efficacy Of Different Detergents For Leaf Extract Based Sex Diagnostics Of Papaya (Carica Papaya L.)., Rajesh Pati

Rajesh Pati

No abstract provided.

The Genomics Education Partnership: Successful Integration Of Research Into Laboratory Classes At A Diverse Group Of Undergraduate Institutions, Christopher D. Shaffer, Consuelo Alvarez, Cheryl Bailey, Daron Barnard, Satish Bhalla, Chitra Chandrasekaran, Vidya Chandrasekaran, Hui-Min Chung, Douglas R. Dorer, Chunguang Du, Todd T. Eckdahl, Jeff L. Poet, Donald Frohlich, Anya L. Goodman, Yuying Gossner, Charles Hauser, Laura L.M. Hoopes, Diana Johnson, Christopher J. Jones, Marian Kaehler, Nighat Kokan, Olga R. Kopp, Gary A. Kuleck, Gerard Mcneil, Robert Moss, Jennifer L. Myka, Alexis Nagengast, Robert Morris, Paul J. Overvoorde, Elizabeth Shoop, Susan Parrish, Kelynne Reed, E. Gloria Regisford, Dennis Revie, Anne G. Rosenwald, Ken Saville, Stephanie Schroeder, Mary Shaw, Gary Skuse, Christopher Smith, Mary Smith, Eric P. Spana, Mary Spratt, Joyce Stamm, Jeff S. Thompson, Matthew Wawersik, Barbara A. Wilson, Jim Youngblom, Wilson Leung, Jeremy Buhler, Elaine R. Mardis, David Lopatto, Sarah C.R. Elgin

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Genomics is not only essential for students to understand biology but also provides unprecedented opportunities for undergraduate research. The goal of the Genomics Education Partnership (GEP), a collaboration between a growing number of colleges and universities around the country and the Department of Biology and Genome Center of Washington University in St. Louis, is to provide such research opportunities. Using a versatile curriculum that has been adapted to many different class settings, GEP undergraduates undertake projects to bring draft-quality genomic sequence up to high quality and/or participate in the annotation of these sequences. GEP undergraduates have improved more than 2 …

An Entrepreneurial Approach To Librarianship, Flora G. Shrode, Jennifer R. Duncan, Wendy Holliday

Flora Shrode

Librarians from Utah State University explain recent efforts to encourage subject librarians to take a more holistic view of their roles. We are shifting from a traditional emphasis primarily on collection development and refocusing on natural connections between collections, instruction, liaison, and reference service. The poster provides background about Utah State University’s situation and explains our approach to analyzing local needs and culture to inform development of a new organizational structure. We describe our vision of subject librarianship, the process by which we assessed librarians’ ideas and goals for performing as subject librarians, and the actions we are taking to …