Biotechnology Commons^™

Endophytic Actinobacteria: Deciphering Therapeutic And Industrial Potential, And Prospects Of Genome Mining In Novel Products Discovery, Yusra Waheed, Rabia Shahdin, Imran Sajid

Journal of Bioresource Management

Endophytic actinobacteria are a diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C content, which inhabit plants’ internal tissues, and represent a significant yet underexplored reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites. In host plants, a remarkable repertoire of metabolites, including broad-spectrum antibiotics, anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory compounds, is synthesized by these microbial allies, carrying significant medicinal and agricultural potential. These endophytes, in contrast to their soil relatives, have developed unique biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) strongly influenced by plant-associated factors, leading to the production of structurally novel metabolites. In recent years, the advances in genome mining, metagenomics, and metabolomics have accelerated …

In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation Of Tamoxifen And Paclitaxel-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Breast And Lung Cancer With In Silico Docking, Arshia Amaan, Farah Mehak, Amer Jamil, Fatma Hussain

Journal of Bioresource Management

Breast and lung cancer are the primary cause of death worldwide, underlining the need for an improved therapeutic strategy. In the current study, tamoxifen (TAM) and paclitaxel (PTX) loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) were produced for the evaluation of sustained drug delivery and enhanced anticancer potential of nanocarriers over conventional chemotherapy against breast and lung cancers, respectively. Nanoparticles were produced by the ionic gelation method and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (FTIR), verifying the nanoscale morphology, stability and successful encapsulation. A drug release profile study (in vitro) (78 %, 60-75 %) and …

A Review On Nanoparticles: Classification And Roles In Plant Systems, Muhammad Junaid Zafar, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Azeem Rana

Journal of Bioresource Management

Nanotechnology has been a new paradigm of the twenty-first century with several good breakthroughs. These tiny particles, known for their outstanding qualities, are enjoying an increasing influence in many research fields concerning foodstuff, cosmetics, electronics, and pharmacology. Synthesis of nanoparticles includes utilizing chemical processes with reducing agents, alongside employing physical techniques such as top-down and bottom-up approaches for NP formation. The biological approach, known as green synthesis, utilizes plant extracts to ensure increased safety. Biological methods also involve bacteria and fungi, known as the major sources of nanoparticles. It is acknowledged as the most effective and environmentally conscious approach, attributed …

Biofunctional Characterization Of A Polyherbal Formulation, Muhammad Ameer Qarib Naqvi, Iqra Saleem, Fatma Hussain

Journal of Bioresource Management

Polyherbal formulations (PHFs) have greater medicinal importance due to their enhanced bioactivities. To check whether a combination of several plants enhances bioactivities, the current study was designed. Methanol, aqueous and n-hexane solvents were used to prepare PHF of Syzgium cumini, Origanum vulgare, Aloe vera barbadensis Miller and Gymnema sylvestre. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging) assay was used to analyze antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) estimations were done by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and AlCl₃ colourimetric techniques, respectively. Bactericidal activity was measured by agar well diffusion method, anti-diabetic profile was assessed by …

Knowledge Of Hiv Transmission And Prevention Among University Students In Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study, Muhammad Saleem, Sajid Masood, Shahid Hussain

Journal of Bioresource Management

HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health problem internationally, with young adults being especially at risk because of behavioral and knowledge deficits. In Pakistan, cultural inhibitions and suboptimal health education are the main reasons for limited awareness, particularly among university students. This study had the objectives of determining the knowledge level about HIV transmission and prevention among undergraduate students in Kohsar University Murree (KUM) and to investigate correlations with salient demographic variables. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 510 students aged 18-27 years through a pre-validated, standardized questionnaire with 12 knowledge-based items. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were utilized to …

Study Of The Incorporation Of Date Stone Powder On Technological And Rheological Characteristics Of Common Wheat Flour, Djilali Bouhadi, Hamza Belkhodja, Zouaoui Benattouche, Abderrahmane Remil, Ahmed Hariri

Journal of Bioresource Management

The fortification of bakery products with bioactive and functional substances is the main focus of food sciences. These nutrients include date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and their byproducts. This work aims to illustrate the effects of using date components in bakery products and to determine how these effects affect the products' technological, rheological, and sensory qualities. To achieve this purpose, date powder was introduced in bread making procedure with different rates (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 %). Then, the physicochemical, sensorial and rheological characteristics was determined. In terms of bread qualities, date powder improved the volume and form …

Green Synthesis Of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles From Leaves Extract Of Cassia Fistula And Evaluation Of Their Antimicrobial Activities, Anum Sadiq, Muhammad Shahbaz, Ayesha Shahbaz, Badra Younis, Shmsa Manzoor, Syeda Sabahat Fiaz

Journal of Bioresource Management

The fields of biotechnology, pharmacy, agriculture, and health could all benefit greatly from advances in Nano science and nanotechnology. The synthesis, characterizations, and antibacterial qualities of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles made using Cassia fistula leaves in a green synthesis procedure are the main objectives of this work which was carried out between September 2021 and June 2022. Four methods were used to analyse the structure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: FTIR, XRD, and SEM. According to FTIR research, TiO2 exhibited stretching vibrations at 1500–1600 cm-1 and a UV absorption peak between 250 and 400 nm. Nanoparticle diameters ranged from 145.6 to …

Exploring The Coffee Genome: A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Plant-Specific Dof Transcription Factor Gene Family, Humera Amin, Shumaila Dastgir, Numan Ali, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Haseeb, Syed Agha Armaghan Asad Abbas Naqvi, Laiba Sharif, Syeda Shehar Bano Rizvi, Sohaib Ahmad, Farooq Ahmad

Journal of Bioresource Management

Dof (DNA binding with one finger) proteins constitute highly ubiquitous transcription factor gene families that are found across all plant species, playing crucial role in fruit ripening, organ development, and other activities. A comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the coffee genome uncovered 49 CaDof genes, which were described in terms of their gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, subcellular localization, gene duplication, and expression in various plant organs. In Coffea arabica, segmental duplication outnumbered tandem duplication. Expressed sequence tags were used to determine the expression of specific organs in CaDof genes. Most genes showed high expression in fruits at various stages, in …

Cultivation Of Chlorella And Chlamydomonas Under Nitrogen Starvation Conditions: Research Of Fatty Acids Production Potential, Affaf Kord, Samira Chader, Maha Kherrarba, Soumia Benrabah

Journal of Bioresource Management

Microalgae are attracting particular attention because of their use in various fields such as bio-energy. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of stress induced by nitrogen deficiency on the accumulation of lipids in Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonassp. isolated from the brackish water of El Golea Lake in the Algerian Sahara. The two species were first cultured in batch in BBM medium under basic conditions (0.75 g/l NaNO

₃

) then under nitrogen stress (0.25 g/l NaNO

₃

). After lipids extraction, the fatty acids were trans-esterified to obtain the fatty acid methyl esters that …

Comprehensive Assessment Of Economic, Productive, Phenotypic, And Morphometric Traits In Azikheli Buffalo Breed Of Northern Pakistan, Nadar Khan, Bakhtawara Bibi, Tariq Ahmad, Salman Khan, Aamir Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim

Journal of Bioresource Management

The study was conducted to illuminate the phenotypic, morphometric, and productive characteristics of the Azikheli buffalo breed. One thousand two hundred pure Azikheli buffaloes (male: female) were randomly selected from the main hub of the Azikheli buffalo breed in Swat (Azikhel). The data were analyzed for comparison and frequency distribution. Phenotypic characteristic of the female buffalo shows that more than 73 % of the body color was golden yellowish. In contrast, in males, this value was 83 %, followed by white-albino and grayish colors. The shape of horns were semi sickle and grayish in color. Morphometric parameters of the breed …

Comparative Bioactivity Of Peganum Harmala (Zygophyllaceae) Leaves, Flowers And Seeds Aqueous Extracts On Drosophila Melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Mortality And Growth Inhibition Impact, Djamila Elbah, Mohamed Athamnia, Mohamed Laid Ouakid

Journal of Bioresource Management

Many plant essential oil, extracts and phytochemicals are known to possess toxic activity against Drosophila melanogaster. In the current work, the effect of aqueous leaves, flowers and seeds extracts of Peganum harmala on the fruit fly mortality and larval development were determined. The seeds extract was the most effective; 100 % of mortality was recorded for the highest concentrations (200 and 300 μg/ml) with lethal time values (LT₅₀ and LT₅₀) reached 3.72 to 4.47 and 6.61 to 8.51 days, respectively. In the other hand, the 15-day lethal concentrations, LC₅₀ and LC₉₀, were determined …

Heat Shock Proteins: Classification, Functions And Expressions In Plants During Environmental Stresses., Sara Khan, Raheela Jabeen, Farah Deeba, Ummara Waheed, Plosha Khanum, Nadia Iqbal

Journal of Bioresource Management

HSPs proteins are found mostly in every cell from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. HSPs have been comprehensively studied in animals and humans. Recently their role in plants was thoroughly studied. HSPs were described as a result of heat shock conditions, but now get activate by various stresses like Ultraviolet light, cold, wound healing, drought, salinity and pathogenic infections (Lindquist et al., 1988). The term “heat shock protein” is now incorrect because HSPs are not expressed only under high temperature, also expressed under other stresses. HSPs are essential in maintaining balanced cell internal conditions under optimum and damaged growth conditions about in …

Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation Optimizations For Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Cultivar Spf-234 With Direct Organogenesis, Muhammad Nawaz, Naeem Iqbal, Rabia Hameed, Mehwish Mehwish, Shakra Jamil

Journal of Bioresource Management

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the most important food and energy crop worldwide. In the present study, an efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation and regeneration system for sugarcane cultivar SPF-234 was established. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA101and LBA4404 using vector pIG121 Hm, having GUS, HPTII and NPTII genes were used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histochemical assays confirmed the GUS gene expression. A 620 bp fragment from GUS positive plants was amplified. The GUS expressing putative transformants were 35% of the total plants formed under 30 minute immersion time and 72 hr of incubation period. The co-cultivation media having 60 …

Comparative Expression Studies Of Fiber Related Genes In Cotton Spp., Muhammad Nadeem, Nadia Iqbal, Ummara Waheed, Zia Ullah Zia, Muqarrab Ali, Zulqurnain Khan

Journal of Bioresource Management

Cotton fibers are the seed trichomes that are developed around the seed and are used to make clothes and yarn for the textile industry. Expression profiling of cotton fiber genes is very important to estimate the differential gene expression level at different fiber developmental stages. Expression analysis of fiber developing genes are very important to enhance the fiber length of cotton. The expression profiling of three gene families in five stages (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 DPA) of cotton fiber tissues was carried out through real-time PCR. Expression analysis revealed that transcripts of GA-20 Oxidase, XTH, …

Effect Of Homofermentative Inoculant On Fermentation Characteristics And Nutritive Values Of Corn Silage, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif, Iffat Tahira, Nighat Sultana, Mujahid Hasan

Journal of Bioresource Management

An in vitro study was planned to assess the effects of a homofermentative microbial inoculant on the fermentation parameters and nutritive value of corn silage. The inoculant was applied at concentrations of 5x10⁴cfu/g of forage (T1), 1x10⁵cfu/g of forage (T2) 1.5x10⁵cfu/g of forage (T3) and a negative control group (T0) without bacterial inoculant in three replicates each. At day 3, 7, 45 and 90 of the experiment individual buckets were opened to characterize the material, quick acidification, dry matter recovery, and aerobic stability of silage respectively. The temperature of the trial samples was 32.75±1.92 …

Optimization Of Xylanase Activity In The Presence Of Salts Of Different Metals For The Pulping Of Indigenous Non-Woody Raw Materials (Gossypium Arborium), Muhammad Suleman, Abu Ul Hassan Faiz, Lariab Zahra Faiz

Journal of Bioresource Management

This study was conducted to optimize the process of degradation of agricultural wastes using xylanase by pulping. The cotton stalk was treated with enzyme and sugar with different concentration was obtained. The substrate concentration, incubation time, cofactors and activators on xylanase were investigated in the pulping and bleaching process. The study presents results that at pH 6.0 with time span (3, 6 and 9 hours) of incubation produced 56 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and 112.5 mg/ml sugar respectively. While at pH 7.0 with time duration (3, 6 and 9 hours) of incubation 64 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml of sugar …

Comparative Mito-Genomic Analysis Of Different Species Of Genus Canis By Using Different Bioinformatics Tools, Ume Rumman, Ghulam Sarwar, Safia Janjua, Fida Muhammad Khan, Fakhra Nazir

Journal of Bioresource Management

In the current study, the mitochondrial genes sequence for COI, Cyt b and 16s rRNA of seven species found in different parts of the world were retrieved from NCBI Gene Bank while, PCR products of COI, Cyt b and 16s rRNA genes obtained from C. lupus and C.aureus present in Pakistan were sequenced and aligned for comparison. The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI, Cyt b and 16s rRNA genes showed almost the same results for the extant species of genus Canis. 16s rRNA revealed C. latrans, C. lycaon and C. simensis showed close phylogenetic relation with each other. …

Characterization Of Different Molecular Markers For Identification Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi In Pakistani Population, Faizan Muttiullah, Fida Muhammad Khan, Fakhar-I- Abbas, Sabiha Shamim

Journal of Bioresource Management

Typhoid is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi that is usually diagnosed by using serologic and immuno-chromatographic techniques in developing counties including Pakistan, which is thought to be an unreliable diagnostic method. For accurate diagnosis we used molecular techniques to amplify 204 bp StyR-36 and 498 bp flagellin gene for the identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. This study was done on 58 individuals diagnosed positive of typhoid via serologic tests and 50 healthy individuals as a control group. Success rate of amplification for flagellin gene was 77.58% while that for StyR-36 gene was 68.97% showing that flagellin gene primer …