Biotechnology Commons^™

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Comprehensive Assessment Of Economic, Productive, Phenotypic, And Morphometric Traits In Azikheli Buffalo Breed Of Northern Pakistan, Nadar Khan, Bakhtawara Bibi, Tariq Ahmad, Salman Khan, Aamir Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim

Journal of Bioresource Management

The study was conducted to illuminate the phenotypic, morphometric, and productive characteristics of the Azikheli buffalo breed. One thousand two hundred pure Azikheli buffaloes (male: female) were randomly selected from the main hub of the Azikheli buffalo breed in Swat (Azikhel). The data were analyzed for comparison and frequency distribution. Phenotypic characteristic of the female buffalo shows that more than 73 % of the body color was golden yellowish. In contrast, in males, this value was 83 %, followed by white-albino and grayish colors. The shape of horns were semi sickle and grayish in color. Morphometric parameters of the breed …

Callus Induction And Proliferation Of Centella Asiatica L. Generated From Leaves And Petioles In The Presence Of Dicamba And Bap, Suci Rahayu, Darmawan Saptadi, Chotimatul Azmi, Kusumawaty Kusumanegara, Tri Handayani, Ika Roostika, Nurliani Bermawie, Haris Maulana

Jurnal Kultivasi

Centella's need for industrial raw materials is high as a medicinal plant. These needs can be met through rapid multiplication using tissue culture techniques. In this study, induction and proliferation for a callus of centella cv. Castina 3 was conducted in the MS basal medium plus 4 mgL-1 Dicamba withand enriched with 7 concentrations of BAP (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 mgL-1). Two kinds of explant were used, i.e., leaf and petiole. The results revealed that the addition of BAP in MS plus Dicamba medim stimulated better and produced a higher callus growth rate, both from leaf …

Air-Jet Bioprinting Of Stem Cell-Encapsulated Alginate Micro-Droplets For Organoid Biomanufacturing, Mirabella B. Stump

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biomanufactured 3D-organoids show promise for modeling and treating various conditions, particularly insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type-1 diabetes). Pancreatic islet organoids serve as sustainable sources of insulin-producing β-cells, potentially restoring insulin regulation in patients and providing a long-term solution for diabetes. Hydrogel droplet printing is an emerging technique in regenerative medicine due to its advantageous tunability and biocompatibility; however, challenges of consistency, quality control, and scalability persist. To address these issues, we developed a novel air-jetting based droplet bioprinting system for the generation of monodispersed alginate micro-droplets. The objective of this project was to incorporate human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into …

Using In Silico Tools To Analyze The 5ʹ Untranslated Regions Of The Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene From Arabidopsis Thaliana And Omega Sequence, Reza Mohammadhassan, Tina Asadishad

Makara Journal of Science

The 5ʹ ends of protein-encoding genes contain 5ʹ untranslated regions (5ʹUTRs), which can effectively participate in regulating gene expression. The 5ʹUTRs of Arabidospis thaliana–derived alcohol dehydrogenase gene (AtADH) and omega (Ω) sequence from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are the most effective enhancers in biotechnology. In this study, bioinformatics techniques were employed to analyze the characteristics of the above sequences. After 5ʹUTR sequence collection, the inner ribosome entrance sites; small RNA (sRNA) target sequences; nucleotide contents; and upstream start and stop codons, ORFs, and coding DNA sequences of the Ω sequence and AtADH 5ʹUTR were identified. Moreover, the …

Enzymatic Screening And Genotypic Characterization Of Thermophilic Bacteria From The Hot Springs Of Sarawak, Malaysia, Seng Chiew Toh, Samuel Lihan, Sui Sien Leong, Azizul Hakim Lahuri, Wai Cheong Woon, Wing Woh Ng

Makara Journal of Science

Owing to their eccentric thermostable ability, thermophiles are among the most utilized extremophiles in various industries, such as manufacturing, and clinical research. Researchers believe that many unknown thermophiles are yet to be discovered. This study aimed to genotypically characterize the diversity of thermophiles and screen them for the potential production of enzymes in the recreational hot springs located at Northwest Coast of Borneo. Water samples were collected at 45 °C–50 °C from Annah Rais and Panchor hot springs during the sampling period from January 2018 to January 2019. Three samples (water and sediment) were collected twice in a 3-week interval …

The Potential Of Endophytic Bacteria As The Biocontrol Agents Of Fusarium Proliferatum, Rima Ernia, Nisa Rachmania Mubarik, Lisdar Idwan Sudirman

Makara Journal of Science

Fusarium proliferatum decreases the productivity of shallot (Allium cepa L.). Endophytic bacteria are potential biocontrol agents in controlling the growth of F. proliferatum. This study aimed to select and characterize endophytic bacteria producing bioactive compounds that inhibit the growth of F. proliferatum. The endophytic bacteria used were isolated from the roots, stems, leaves, and soil of shallot plants from healthy and diseased shallot farming fields. The endophytic bacteria were selected using the dual culture method and extracted using ethyl acetate solvent. The results of the 16S rRNA identification suggested that isolate ABP5.2 is similar to Pseudomonas …

Protective Responses Of The Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line Ht-29 Cells Exposed To Dephosphorylated Salmonella Flagellin [Research Note], Heyeon Baik, Jaiesoon Cho

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study aimed to describe the effects of Salmonella Typhimurium flagellin (SFL) dephosphorylated by sweet potato purple acid phosphatase (PAP) on the protective responses of the intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 cells. The enzyme was reported to display a broad substrate specificity for various organic phosphorylated conjugates and phosphoproteins. Dephosphorylation of SFL by sweet potato PAP decreased to 35% in the presence of 0.05 mM vanadate as compared with the negative control (p < 0.05). Intact SFL and the SFL treated with sweet potato PAP did not remarkably induce the activation of caspase-3 in HT-29 cells at all the tested levels of the substrate. Intact SFL maximally induced the release of IL (interleukin)-8 in HT-29 cells at 1000 ng/mL (p < 0.05). However, the SFL treated with the enzyme inhibited the release of IL-8 at over 100 ng/mL of the substrate as compared with intact SFL, resulting in an approximately 8-fold decrease even at 1000 ng/mL (p < 0.05). The SFL treated with the enzyme decreased the activation of the total ERK1/2 in the cells to 1.9 and 1.7–fold at 10 and 1000 ng/mL of the substrate, respectively, as compared with intact SFL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, sweet potato PAP could be a promising tool for controlling excessive inflammation during Salmonella infection in animal husbandry, and the enzyme could be a safe alternative that can overcome the drawbacks of chemotherapy.

A Review Of Threat Vectors To Dna Sequencing Pipelines, Tyler Rector

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

Bioinformatics is a steadily growing field that focuses on the intersection of biology with computer science. Tools and techniques developed within this field are quickly becoming fixtures in genomics, forensics, epidemiology, and bioengineering. The development and analysis of DNA sequencing and synthesis have enabled this significant rise in demand for bioinformatic tools. Notwithstanding, these bioinformatic tools have developed in a research context free of significant cybersecurity threats. With the significant growth of the field and the commercialization of genetic information, this is no longer the case. This paper examines the bioinformatic landscape through reviewing the biological and cybersecurity threats within …

Exploring The Impact Of High-Temperature Stress On Physiological, Anatomical, Molecular, Productive, And Quality Parameters In Diverse Olive Cultivars, Bassam F. Alowaiesh, Taghreed S. Alnusaire

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most important horticultural crops in Saudi Arabia. High temperatures are typical in most regions during the summer season. This study explored the effect of high temperatures on diverse olive cultivars (Manzanillo, Chemlali, and Picual) grown in three different geographical locations in Saudi Arabia (Sakaka, Basita, and Al-Qurayyat). Sakaka region was classified as a hot region, while the Basita and Al-Qurayyat regions were characterized by relatively mild or low temperatures. Genotypic components were assessed by studying Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers and physiological, anatomical, productive, and oil quality parameters. The …

Exploring The Nutritional, Antioxidant, And Lipid-Lowering Properties Of Saba Banana (Musa Acuminata X Balbisiana Bbb Group) Peels, Paul Alteo Bagabaldo, Liezl M. Atienza, Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel, Aimee Sheree A. Barrion, Antonio C. Laurena, Maria Amelita C. Estacio

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study investigated the nutritional and functional components of ‘saba’ banana peel (SBP) to determine its health-promoting potential for special food applications. SBP has undergone analyses measuring proximate composition, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, phytochemical content, estimated glycemic index (eGI), pancreatic lipase inhibition, and cholesterol micellar solubility inhibition. Data were processed using SPSS v20 and expressed as mean ± SD. Proximate analysis showed that SBP contained 83.83 ± 1.06% moisture, 6.74 ± 0.83% crude fat, 5.58 ± 0.24% crude protein, 9.97 ± 0.04% total ash, 9.91 ± 0.10% crude fiber, and 60.08% nitrogen-free extracts. Vitamin C content was found to be …

Village-Level Processing Of Pangi (Pangium Edule Reinw.) Seeds By The Obu Manuvu Improves The Edibility And Level Of Some Nutritional Factors [Research Note], Rovi Gem E. Villame-Gayagas, Jennifer P. Fronteras, Maria Christna D. Nacar, Aaron P. Lorilla, Pedro A. Alviola Iv

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Pangi (Pangium edule Reinw) seed is known to be a poisonous material. However, it becomes safe for consumption after processing. This study determined the effect of village-level processing by the Obu Manuvu community of Marilog District, Davao City, Philippines on the antinutrient and nutritional composition of Pangi seeds. Processing methods involved washing with running water for about 15 s, boiling in water for 30 min, and soaking in flowing water in a nearby river overnight. Results showed that after processing, the levels of antinutrients such as cyanogenic glycosides and oxalates were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) by 99.15% and 78.23%, respectively. Further, the tannin content was also significantly reduced by 96.15%. The crude fat content significantly increased (p < 0.05) by about 54%. Crude ash and fiber decreased, while protein did not change significantly (p < 0.05). Minerals such as calcium and zinc increased (p < 0.05) by 221.43% and 64.39%, respectively while the iron and manganese levels remained unaffected. Findings of the study suggested that the processing method by the Obu Manuvu effectively reduces the level of antinutrients, thereby improving the edibility and safety of Pangi seeds. Further, the processing method improves the level of some nutrients, specifically crude fat, calcium, and zinc.

Flavonol Glucosylation: A Structural Investigation Of The Flavonol Specific 3-O Glucosyltransferase Cp3gt, Aaron S. Birchfield

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Flavonoid glycosyltransferases (GTs), enzymes integral to plant ecological responses and human pharmacology, necessitate rigorous structural elucidation to decipher their mechanistic function and substrate specificity, particularly given their role in the biotransformation of diverse pharmacological agents and natural products. This investigation delved into a comprehensive exploration of the flavonol 3-O GT from Citrus paradisi (Cp3GT), scrutinizing the impact of a c-terminal c-myc/6x histidine tag on its enzymatic activity and substrate specificity, and successfully achieving its purification to apparent homogeneity. This established a strong foundation for potential future crystallographic and other structure/function analyses. Through the strategic implementation of site-directed mutagenesis, a thrombin …

Engineering Next-Generation Cardiovascular Therapies, Ryan Walker Barrs

All Dissertations

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Heart disease, in particular, accounted for 1 in every 5 deaths in the United States in 2021, representing a substantial public health burden that will require more effective treatment options to alleviate. Heart transplant surgery is currently the only option to completely restore cardiac function, but many patients die while waiting for a transplant due to a longstanding organ donor shortage. Thus, there is a dire need for accessible treatment options that can repair damaged hearts. Recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have accelerated the development of therapies for …

Cellular Mechanism Of Pentagalloyl Glucose-Mediated Prevention And Reversal Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, Greg Halsey

All Dissertations

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has been the 15th leading cause of death in persons older than 55 for the past ten years in several Western countries, with rupture resulting in an almost 100% mortality rate. AAA is a focal dilation of the aorta characterized by progressive loss of elastin and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), as well as persistent inflammatory response [1]. The only treatment for AAA is surgery; however, the mortality post-procedure is still 1-4%, with a 15-30% chance of morbidity [2].

Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) treatment is effective in the reversal of AAA. While its stabilizing interactions with extracellular …

Controlled Radiation Capsule For Precision And Rapid Cancer Treatment, Hoseon Lee, Zsolt Kollar, Bailey R. White, Junia Nguyen, David Roque, Sowjanya Palagani

Symposium of Student Scholars

This research aims to transform cancer treatment through the optimization of brachytherapy, with a focus on reducing treatment duration, setup complexities, and financial burdens, all while emphasizing patient safety. Patients living at a distance from radiation clinics, particularly those undergoing extended Low Dose Radiation brachytherapy, often struggle with the formidable financial challenges associated with securing nearby accommodations. In response to these issues, the research introduces a radiation capsule designed to condense the conventional six-month treatment period to approximately just one week, thereby significantly reducing the duration of required accommodations. This capsule is especially relevant considering the construction cost of $40 …

Evaluation Of Crocus Sativus L. Quality Using Ftir Spectroscopy, Lina M. Alnaddaf, Mohamad Nabil Ksaier, Salim F. Bamsaoud

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

Crocus sativus L. is one the important spices that gives food a distinctive color and taste as well as its medicinal value. Its quality can be estimated using different analysis methods. In This study we used FTIR spectroscopy to Evaluate Crocus sativus L. quality at MEDICO Lab 2023. FTIR Spectroscopy is a fast and reliable analytical method for quality saffron evaluation. The results of FTIR spectra indicated functional groups related to O-H, C=C, C=O, C-O, C(O)–O, C-H, C-H (cis-) and C-H (trans-). Also, our samples lacked the distinctive bands of the active substances of crocetin. Furthermore, …

Fine Time Synchronization Algorithm For Mimo-Ofdm, Ajstd Editorialboard

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

No abstract provided.

Steady State Finite Element Analysis Of A Single Sttack Cold Plate With Heat Losses, G. A Quadir, Shiao Lin Beh, Kn Seetharamu, Ay Hassan

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

No abstract provided.

Mitigating Co2 Emissions From The Power Sector:Least-Cost Analysis Of Policy Option In Thailand, Bundit Limmeechokchai, Somporn Tanatvanit, Ram M. Sherestha

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

No abstract provided.

Study Of Preparation And Charaterization Of Hydroxyapatite Coating By Sol-Gel Technique, Sutapa Roy, Ramanan Venkatesh

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Quality Cost For Statistical Quality Control Planning, N Chiadamrong, C Thaviwatanachaikul

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

No abstract provided.

Thermal Perfomarmance Prediction Of Plastics Ball Grid Array (Pbga) Using Artificial Neural Network, C H Leong, I A Aziz, K N Seetharamu

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

No abstract provided.

Impreved Stability Evaluation And Blast Planning In Quaries, Sanga Tangehawal

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Thinning On The Incidence Of Damage And Severity Of Decay In Bagras (Eucalyptus Deglupta Blume) Plantations, Emelio Anino

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Thinning of intermediate and suppressed trees has been implemented on 3- to 4-year-old bagras (E. deglupta) plantations in Surigao de! Sur, Philippines. The objective is to remove unwanted competition and to gain some form of revenue by selling the felled trees as banana props. However, the falling trees caused damage to other plantation trees. Bagras is susceptible to heart rot. A study was, therefore, conducted to determine the extent of decay in bagras due to thinning. Data showed that injured bagras developed extensive decay in the sapwood and heartwood. Six percent of the injured trees died. Retained-trees, which were already …

Seasonal Orientation Of Solar Collectors For The Philippines, Saiful Bari

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

In this paper, a method to determine the slope angle for seasonal applications of flat plate collectors is described for the Philippines territory. For seasonal applications, where the collectors are used only for a fraction of the year, the slope angles need to be different from those for year-round operations. For year-round operations, most flat collectors are usually fixed, and mounted at an angle equal to the latitude tilt angle. The method described here utilized both direct and diffuse components of solar radiation, and air mass using average atmosphere. For seasonal applications of solar energy such as crop drying, the …

Thermal Diffusivity Measurements Using Open Photoacoustic Cell Technique, W. Mahmood Mat Yunus, C. Y. J. Fanny, I. V. Grozesu, S. A. Halim, M. M. Moksin

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The application of open photoacoustic cell (OPC) technique is demonstrated for measuring thermal diffusivity of solid samples. It is based upon the measurement of the photoacoustic signal in the modulation frequency region where the thermal diffusion length equals to the sample thickness. The measurements were carried out at room temperature for gold alloys (Au0 75Ag0.and Au. Ag. ); epoxidised natural rubbers 25 0 50 0 50 [ENR 25 (75%C ) and ENR 50 (75%C)]; and supercond ucti ng ceramics (Bi2Pb0 .6 Sr2Ca1.94Ba 0. Cu 0 , and Bi Pb . Sr Ca1. Zn. Cu 0 ) . The thermal 06 …

An Experiment With Spiral Wound Reverse Osmosis Membranes For The Desalination Of Seawater, M.N.A. Hawlader, J.C. Ho, K. T. Chua

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

In the research, the performance characteristics of Reverse Osmosis (RO) Spiral Wound (SW) membrane are evaluated. The effects of feed water concentration, temperature, pressure and flow rate on the performance of this membrane are investigated. The product recovery () of SW membrane is found to increase with feed water temperature and pressure, but decrease with increasing feed water concentration and flow rate. Salt passage (SP) increases with feed water temperature and concentration, but decreases with increasing feed pressure and flow rate. Under the tested feed water conditions, of SW varies from 6% - 18% and permeate salinity is approximately …

Isolated Digit Recognition And Automatic Translation Using Hidden Markov Model, Masuri Othman, Azhar Jaludin, Zainul Abidin Md Sharrif

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

No abstract provided.

Bmqas: A Human Engeneering Approach To Natural Languaage Question-Answring System, Siti Salwah Salim

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

No abstract provided.