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Rations For Performance Testing Bulls On A 140-Day Gain Trial, M. Mckee, J.D. Evans, R.R. Schalles
Rations For Performance Testing Bulls On A 140-Day Gain Trial, M. Mckee, J.D. Evans, R.R. Schalles
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twenty-six Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn bull calves were started on feed November 16, 1970, to study differences in protein content of rations. The bulls were from 184 to 302 days old. They were randomly assigned within breeds to one of three grain rations (see table 45) and individually fed free choice. The prairie hay they would clean up in 30 minutes was fed twice a day. They went from their pens into a large lot to exercise together approximately four hours a day.
Effect Of Organic Acids On The Preservation And Feeding Value Of Reconstituted Milo, K.K. Bolsen, O.J. Cox, C.L. Drake
Effect Of Organic Acids On The Preservation And Feeding Value Of Reconstituted Milo, K.K. Bolsen, O.J. Cox, C.L. Drake
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The use of high moisture grain in beef cattle rations has increased during the past several years. It has improved feed efficiency of high energy rations five to 20 percent in previous research. Non-nutritional advantages of high moisture grain include: (1) earlier harvest to lengthen the harvest season and/or free land for other uses; (2) fewer field losses from shattering lodging, wind and early frost and (3) no artificial drying.
Voluntary Salt Intake By Feedlot Steers, L.H. Harbers, L.C. Warren
Voluntary Salt Intake By Feedlot Steers, L.H. Harbers, L.C. Warren
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Because it is a standard practice, adding salt to livestock rations has not received much attention in the past several years. Salt is universally added at 0.5% of the diet, but studies here in the early 50's showed salt needs of cattle are related to dietary roughage levels.
Simmental-Hereford Cross Calves, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner
Simmental-Hereford Cross Calves, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Data on nine Simmental-Hereford cross calves (3 bulls and 6 females) from birth to 6 months of age was reported in Bulletin 536. The three bulls shared conditions with three Hereford, four Angus, and one Shorthorn bull. The six cross heifers grew with three Hereford, three Angus, and two Shorthorn heifers.
Control Of Feed Intake In Ruminants Continuous Rumen Infusion Studies (Project 802), J.C. Parks, K.S. Lusby, B.E. Brent
Control Of Feed Intake In Ruminants Continuous Rumen Infusion Studies (Project 802), J.C. Parks, K.S. Lusby, B.E. Brent
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Since the requirement of animals for net energy for maintenance (NEm) is influenced largely by weight of the animal, feed efficiency and animal performance improve rapidly as feed intake surpasses maintenance requirements. Once that constant "overhead" is satisfied, remaining nutrients are available for growth and production. The object of the study reported here was to see if ruminants are capable of digesting and metabolizing nutrient intakes in excess of what they normally consume. Fistulated sheet were the experimental animals. The basal diet is shown in Table 3. The ingredients were suspended in water, filtered through cheesecloth, held in suspension by …
Feeding Value Of Four Different Hybrid Sorghum Grains For Finishing Cattle, R.L. Mccollough, C.L. Drake, R.R. Schalles, G.M. Roth, K.F. Harrison
Feeding Value Of Four Different Hybrid Sorghum Grains For Finishing Cattle, R.L. Mccollough, C.L. Drake, R.R. Schalles, G.M. Roth, K.F. Harrison
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Hybrid sorghum grain is the major source of energy in livestock finishing rations in the Midwest. In 1969, 739 million bushels of sorghum grain were produced in the United States and 620 million bushels, or 84% were fed to livestock. Kansas ranked second to Texas, producing 183 million bushels in 1968, or 30% of the quantity fed to livestock. Since hybrid sorghum grains ware introduced in 1956, yield has increased 25%. Because livestock consumes 84% of the sorghum grain produced in the United States, hybrids with superior nutritive value would be advantageous.
Effect Of Adding Fat To Feedlot Rations, B.E. Brent, P.A. Phar, L.J. Randle, L.H. Harbers, Dell M. Allen
Effect Of Adding Fat To Feedlot Rations, B.E. Brent, P.A. Phar, L.J. Randle, L.H. Harbers, Dell M. Allen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fat is added to commercial feedlot rations as a concentrated energy source and to reduce dustiness and wear of feed processing machinery. We added fat at varying levels ( 0 to 6% of the ration) to study effects from fat and the influence of a surface-active additive. Two hundred 700-pound steers were allotted to 40 pens of 5 each all fed 135 days on the rations show in Table 12, according to the schedule shown in Table 13.
Feedlot Performance And Digestibility Of Beef Steers Fed Steam Flaked, Popped, Reconstituted And Dry Rolled Sorghum Grain, D.O. Yauk, C.L. Drake, R.R. Schalles
Feedlot Performance And Digestibility Of Beef Steers Fed Steam Flaked, Popped, Reconstituted And Dry Rolled Sorghum Grain, D.O. Yauk, C.L. Drake, R.R. Schalles
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Because most finishing rations contain a high proportion of grain, better processing of sorghum grain to increase grain utilization should improve ration efficiency. Work in Texas, Oklahoma, Arizona, and Fort Hays has indicated that processing sorghum grain increased digestibility and utilization. This trial compared digestibility and feedlot performance of beef steers fed steam flaked, popped, reconstituted or dry-rolled sorghum grain.
Starea, Urea And Soybean Meal Compared In Wintering Rations For Cows On Bluestem Pasture, L. Tucker, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith
Starea, Urea And Soybean Meal Compared In Wintering Rations For Cows On Bluestem Pasture, L. Tucker, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
More urea, a torn of nonprotein nitrogen, would be fed to ruminants except for inefficient conversion of urea-nitrogen to Microbial protein, toxicity, lack of palatability and urea segregating in mixed rations. As a supplement for cattle on high-roughage rations, urea should be fed with a readily available energy source for urea nitrogen to be converted to microbial protein by rumen microorganisms. Attempting to overcome some or all of those problems, Bartley and co-workers at Kansas State University (Feedstuffs. 27 Apr. 68; 40:9) developed an expansion-processed mixture of grain and urea (Starea).We tested Starea and soybean meal as protein supplements for …
Comparison Of Biuret And Soybean Meal For Wintering Cows On Bluestem Pasture Ii. Effect On Birth And Weaning Weight Of Progeny, H.A. Thyault, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith
Comparison Of Biuret And Soybean Meal For Wintering Cows On Bluestem Pasture Ii. Effect On Birth And Weaning Weight Of Progeny, H.A. Thyault, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
During the winter of 1969-70, 48 five-year-old cows were divided into three groups to compared soybean meal with biuret as a winter supplement in combination with sorghum grain (Bulletin 536, 1970, p.33). Soybean meal supplemented cows gained 31 lbs. each during 4 months while biuret-fed cows lost 15 lbs. each. Cows fed sorghum with biuret in a separate mineral mix (fed free choice) lost 62 lbs. each.
Effect Of Beet Pulp Pellets Fed Steers Wintering And Finishing Rations, L.A. Arehart, Evans E. Banbury
Effect Of Beet Pulp Pellets Fed Steers Wintering And Finishing Rations, L.A. Arehart, Evans E. Banbury
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sugar beet by-products are available to cattle feeders in northwestern Kansas, but their value as livestock feed is not known. In 1967-68, steers fed liquid protein concentrate beet pulp pellets (LPC) in wintering rations gained faster (1.96 vs. 1.24 lb. per day) than steers on similar amounts of alfalfa hay. Then on finishing rations, gain per day favored alfalfa-fed cattle (2.58 to 2.25 lb. per day). In 1968-69, there was no significant difference between beet pellets and alfalfa, but 5.0 lb. LPC beet pellets reduced feed consumption and daily gains compared with results from rations involving alfalfa (wintering 1.33 to …
Post-Weaning Performance Of Calves As Affected By Longstem Hay And Method Feeding, E.F. Smith, L.H. Harbers
Post-Weaning Performance Of Calves As Affected By Longstem Hay And Method Feeding, E.F. Smith, L.H. Harbers
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three different rations were compared for feeding calves immediately after weaning. Desired is a ration that will reduce weaning stress, produce economical gains, and be easy to feed. The rations are shown in Table 4. Initial weight of the calves was taken at the pasture just before weaning. The calves were transported the same day 8 miles to the Beef Cattle Research Center where they were divided into groups and started on experimental rations.
Winter Nutrition For Cows, R.R. Schalles, C.L. Drake, G. Kiracofe
Winter Nutrition For Cows, R.R. Schalles, C.L. Drake, G. Kiracofe
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Cow productivity on four supplemental winter feeding levels were compared over 2 years. Cattle were grazed on native bluestem year round. Cows calved between February 15 and May 5. Only records (104) of cows that raised a calf in the year considered were used in this report. Cows averaged 3.3 years old at birth of calves. Rations fed are given in Table 25 referred to as group 1, 2, 3 and 4. Cows received the same ration each year. Cows were allotted to 4 groups and rotated among four approximately equal pastures so each group remained in each pasture an …
The Tenderometer As A Tool For Evaluating Beef Tenderness, H.J. Tuma, Dell M. Allen, Michael E. Dikeman
The Tenderometer As A Tool For Evaluating Beef Tenderness, H.J. Tuma, Dell M. Allen, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Numerous instruments have been developed to objectively measure tenderness, an important eating characteristics of beef. The Kramer shear press and Warner-Bratzler shear show the best relationships to taste panel tenderness scores. However, shear values of raw muscle are poorly correlated with shear value of cooked meat. An instrument that could be used in the beef cooler an raw carcass muscle to predict tenderness of cooked meat would be valuable.
Protein, Salt, And Premix Aspects Of All-Concentrate Cattle Finishing Rations, G.M. Roth, E.F. Smith, R.R. Schalles
Protein, Salt, And Premix Aspects Of All-Concentrate Cattle Finishing Rations, G.M. Roth, E.F. Smith, R.R. Schalles
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This test was designed to study the following aspects of all-concentrate rations: (1) salt, (2) supplemental protein (3) self-feeding a protein and premix combination (4) a pelleted premix compared to a mash form, and (5) a repeat trial of soybean meal versus urea as a supplemental protein source.
Using Simmental Bulls On Hereford Cows, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner
Using Simmental Bulls On Hereford Cows, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fourteen registered Hereford cows in the Kansas State University purebred teaching herd were mated artificially to the Simmental bull Capitaine #1236 in November and December, 1968. The 23 ampules of semen available were used on the first 23 Hereford cows to show estrus following November 20, 1968. Of cows inseminated, six calved as two-year olds, two as three-year olds, one at four years, two at five years, one at eight, and two at ten years of age. The two that calved at five years of age were sold prior to calving. Both calved unassisted but one calf was dead at …
The Nutritive Value Of Four Varieties Of Sorghum Grain, R.L. Mccollough, C.L. Drake, K.F. Harrison
The Nutritive Value Of Four Varieties Of Sorghum Grain, R.L. Mccollough, C.L. Drake, K.F. Harrison
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In 1969, Kansas harvested 182, 896, 00 bushels from 3,266,00 acres of grains sorghum for a 56-bushel-per-acre average. Much of it is fed to beef cattle; therefore, it would be an economic advantage for both grain producers and cattle feeders to have a sorghum grain of superior feeding quality.
A Biopsy Technique To Predict Quality In The Live Beef Animal With Emphasis On Tenderness, Michael E. Dikeman, C.C. Melton, H.J. Tuma, G.R. Beecher
A Biopsy Technique To Predict Quality In The Live Beef Animal With Emphasis On Tenderness, Michael E. Dikeman, C.C. Melton, H.J. Tuma, G.R. Beecher
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Because tenderness is considered the most desired eating characteristic in meat, more emphasis should be placed on this trait in evaluating beef quality in breeding and selection programs. Both tenderness and marbling are highly heritable traits (Heritability = approximately 0.6), therefore much improvement could be made through progeny testing of sires; however, this requires considerable time and expense. This consideration, plus an increasing interest in feeding young beef bulls for market, led to an interest in applying a biopsy technique to evaluate and predict meat quality in the live animal.
Effects Of Winter Nutrition Levels On Cow And Calf Performance, R.R. Schalles, G. Kiracofe, C.L. Drake, C.N. Reves
Effects Of Winter Nutrition Levels On Cow And Calf Performance, R.R. Schalles, G. Kiracofe, C.L. Drake, C.N. Reves
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Cow and calf performance under four winter-nutrition levels was compared using 34 cows the first year and 87 cows the second year. Cows were maintained on the same nutrition treatment both years with additional cows added the second year, Cows ranged from less than 2 to 11 years of age. Average calving date was early April. A total of 95 calves were included during the two years. Calves were weighed within 24 hours after birth and at monthly intervals from June to November. Cows were weighed each month. All cows were graded and calves were weaned and graded at the …
Nutritive Value Of Forages As Affected By Soil And Climatic Differences, F.G. Clary, B.E. Brent, D. Richardson, A.B. Erhart, Evans E. Banbury, Fred W. Boren
Nutritive Value Of Forages As Affected By Soil And Climatic Differences, F.G. Clary, B.E. Brent, D. Richardson, A.B. Erhart, Evans E. Banbury, Fred W. Boren
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Effects of environment on the performance of beef steers in Kansas have been studied since 1962. The experiments, in three phases, have included seven feedlot trials and one digestion trial.
White Sorghum Grain (Funk's G766w) And Elevator-Run Red Sorghum Grain Compared For Fattening Cattle, C.L. Drake, V.P. Carlson, P.H. Wilson, Dell M. Allen
White Sorghum Grain (Funk's G766w) And Elevator-Run Red Sorghum Grain Compared For Fattening Cattle, C.L. Drake, V.P. Carlson, P.H. Wilson, Dell M. Allen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
An new white variety of sorghum grain (Funk's G766W) has been reported to be higher in digestible dry matter and protein than elevator-run, rod sorghum grain. A 120-day field trial was conducted on the George and Vernon Miller farm near Great Bend to compare the two sorghum grain types under feed-lot conditions.
Urea And Soybean Meal Compared For Cows On Winter Bluestem Pasture, R.W. Swanson, E.F. Smith
Urea And Soybean Meal Compared For Cows On Winter Bluestem Pasture, R.W. Swanson, E.F. Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This test compared urea supplement (hand-fed), urea supplement (self-fed), and soybean meal (SBM) supplement (hand-fed) with cows on winter bluestem pasture. The supplements were formulated to supply the same amount of protein and total digestible nutrients. Salt was fed free choice with the hand-fed supplement.
Mineral Content Of Feeds Grown At Various Kansas Locations, F.G. Clary, B.E. Brent
Mineral Content Of Feeds Grown At Various Kansas Locations, F.G. Clary, B.E. Brent
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Earlier experiments have shown that cattle may perform differently at different Kansas locations. Feeds from four locations (Manhattan, Mound Valley, Colby, and Garden City) were analyzed for several minerals to see if mineral differences might be responsible. Table 4 shows the results for alfalfa hay. Samples were taken at random and no attempt was made to choose particular varieties. Data for FS 1a sorghum silage is shown in table 5. Table 6 shows mineral analyses for two sorghum grain varieties, and one mixed sample (varieties unknown) taken at each location. The K.S.U. agronomy department carries out annual tests on eleven …
Post-Weaning Performance Of Calves As Affected By Longstem Hay And Pre-Weaning Creep Feeding, G. Greathouse, E.F. Smith
Post-Weaning Performance Of Calves As Affected By Longstem Hay And Pre-Weaning Creep Feeding, G. Greathouse, E.F. Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Mortality in calves at weaning is one of the major problems in the beef industry. Some relief from this problem might be achieved if the calves could be changed from milk and grass to high energy ration with little lapse in time. Many ranchers do not have adequate equipment, labor or time to do this job on the ranch where it could best be done. If a post-weaning management system could be formulated that would be acceptable to the producers of the calves and reduce death and sickness it would be of tremendous benefit. Many local feed companies are in …
Relationships Among Carcass Characteristics Of Cattle Exhibited At Shows In The Midwest, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles, M. Harris, K.O. Zoellner, H.W. Westmeyer
Relationships Among Carcass Characteristics Of Cattle Exhibited At Shows In The Midwest, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles, M. Harris, K.O. Zoellner, H.W. Westmeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Carcass data were collected from 24 carcass shows held throughout the Midwest, including eight county shows in Kansas and one county show in Nebraska, seven years' results from the Kansas National Junior Livestock Show in Wichita, two years results from the Midwest Steer and Carcass Show at Austin, Minn,. two years results from the St. Joseph Live Steer and Carcass Show, St. Joseph, Mo., and one-year results from AK-SAR-BEN, Omaha, Nebr., Waterloo Carcass Show, Waterloo, Iowa; Hoosier Beef Show, Indianapolis, Ind.; and the 4-H Beef Carcass Summary, Nebraska State Fair, Lincoln, Nebr.
Preliminary Investigations With Adapted Rumen Microorganisms (Arm) For Fattening Beef Cattle, C.L. Drake, D.L. Good, R.R. Schalles, P.A. Hahn, O.D. Jr. Myrick
Preliminary Investigations With Adapted Rumen Microorganisms (Arm) For Fattening Beef Cattle, C.L. Drake, D.L. Good, R.R. Schalles, P.A. Hahn, O.D. Jr. Myrick
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The use of rumen microorganisms is not new but neither is it a common practice. We used a product developed by W.R. Grace and Company in an attempt to reduce the "adaptation period" of cattle placed on a finishing ration. The adaptation response is believed to correlate with changes in microbial populations in the cattles rumen. Microbes that efficiently metabolize one type of diet, like forage, do not survive on a high grain diet. However, the multitude of microbes in the rumen includes types that help digest grain. When they increase until they dominate the rumen population, the adaptation period …
Comparison Of Biuret And Soybean Meal For Wintering Cows On Bluestem Pasture, H.A. Thyfault, E.F. Smith, L.H. Harbers
Comparison Of Biuret And Soybean Meal For Wintering Cows On Bluestem Pasture, H.A. Thyfault, E.F. Smith, L.H. Harbers
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Biuret, a non protein nitrogen compound, has shown promise as a protein substitute for ruminants fed poor quality roughages. Urea, by comparison, cannot be sued without an adequate supply of energy in the form of either grain or molasses. Biuret is not broken down to ammonia so rapidly as urea is. Biuret, therefore, is less toxic than urea.
Effects Of Winter Nutrition Level On Cow And Calf Performance, R.R. Schalles, C.L. Drake, G. Kiracofe
Effects Of Winter Nutrition Level On Cow And Calf Performance, R.R. Schalles, C.L. Drake, G. Kiracofe
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Cow and calf performance under four winter nutritional levels was evaluated, using 61 purebred Polled and high grade Hereford cows randomly allotted to obtain approximately equal pregnant and open cows in each group. The cows were 1.0 be 4.5 years old, except for two older ones. Average calving date was mid April. Forty-five live calves were born. They were weighed within 24 hours after birth and at monthly intervals from June to November calf was born dead. Cows were weighed each month and rotated among four native bluestem pastures during the entire year. All calves were graded and weaned at …
Different Methods Of Managing Bluestem Pastures, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby, B.W. Swanson, J.D. Mckendrick
Different Methods Of Managing Bluestem Pastures, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby, B.W. Swanson, J.D. Mckendrick
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This experiment was to determine the effect of increased early summer stocking and burning on cattle performance, productivity of pastures and range condition as determined by plant population changes. Early stocking at twice the normal rate for the first half the growing season was tried hoping for more gain per acre and cattle ready for dry lot finishing at midsummer. If grass recovers the last half of the season, it could be "mined" the first half when highest in nutritive value.
An Evaluation Of Heatmount Detectors In Beef Cattle Under Range Conditions, A.R. Singh, G.H. Kiracofe, R.R. Schalles
An Evaluation Of Heatmount Detectors In Beef Cattle Under Range Conditions, A.R. Singh, G.H. Kiracofe, R.R. Schalles
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Kamar heatmount detectors were used last spring on 45 Polled Hereford cows 3 to 12 years old. Bulls ran with the cows. Most cows became pregnant, which lessened observations as the breeding season progressed. Detectors were placed on rumps with adhesive according to directions. Generally, the front edge of the detector was farther to the rear on heavier cattle than on lighter cattle.First observation was May 28, 1968. Observations then were made weekly for 9 weeks, by checking for presence or absence of detectors. All cows that lost detectors or had the detector activated were palpated rectally to determine if …