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Relationships Among Charolais Sire Expected Progeny Differences And Actual Progeny Performance In Commercial Herds, S.C. Clark, Daniel W. Moser, R.E. Williams
Relationships Among Charolais Sire Expected Progeny Differences And Actual Progeny Performance In Commercial Herds, S.C. Clark, Daniel W. Moser, R.E. Williams
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Data on Charolais-sired calves were analyzed to evaluate progeny performance related to sire expected progeny differences (EPD) in a large data set of commercial crossbred cattle in several herds across the United States. The traits analyzed were birth weight (n=3,554) and weaning weight (n=3,604) of crossbred progeny from nationally evaluated sires. Birth weight EPD and weaning weight EPD were evaluated as predictors of crossbred performance. Random regression coefficients were estimated for progeny birth weight on sire birth weight EPD of 1.03±0.09 lb/lb of birth weight EPD, and for progeny weaning weight, 0.66±0.11 lb/lb of weaning weight EPD. Published sire birth …
Post-Process Steam Pasteurization Of Packaged Frankfurters Combined With Acid/Buffer Treatments For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, A.L. Reicks, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Post-Process Steam Pasteurization Of Packaged Frankfurters Combined With Acid/Buffer Treatments For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, A.L. Reicks, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The efficacy of a saturated steam-based post-process pasteurization system to reduce/ eliminate Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters was evaluated. Frankfurters were packaged individually or in a single layer format (4 per package, touching). Samples were surface treated with 2% lactic acid, 4% lactic acid, 2% buffered sodium citrate, or 2% buffered sodium lactate, vacuum packaged, and steam pasteurized to end-point surface temperatures of 160, 170 or 180°F using a Townsend Post-Process Pasteurization system (formerly Stork-RMS Protecon). Pasteurization of inoculated single layer franks to surface end point temperature targets of 160, 170, and 180°F resulted in L. monocytogenes reductions (P<0.05) of 0.92, 1.44 and 2.89 log colony forming units (CFU)/frank, respectively. Greater reductions in L. monocytogenes populations were observed for individually packaged frankfurters with 2.32, 4.62 and 6.52 log CFU/frank reductions at target surface end point temperatures of 160, 170, and 180°F, respectively. No differences (P>0.05) were …
Effects Of Castration Age And A Growth Implant During Suckling On Weaning And Preconditioned Weights, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, J.W. Homm, Larry C. Hollis
Effects Of Castration Age And A Growth Implant During Suckling On Weaning And Preconditioned Weights, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, J.W. Homm, Larry C. Hollis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Crossbred Angus calves (n=141) were used to determine the effect of castration age and implant on weaning and preconditioned weights. Calf treatments consisted of: early castration at 90 days of age with no growth implant, early castration with a growth implant (Synovex C) at 90 days of age, or late castration at weaning (226 days of age). All calves completed a preconditioning program that consisted of timely vaccinations (21 days prior and at weaning) and a 28-day, post-weaning feeding period. Steers that were early castrated/implanted had weaning weights similar to those of bull calves, and both groups weighed 15 lb …
Cattle Feeder Perceptions Of Mandatory Price Reporting, S. Grunewald, C. Ward, Ted C. Schroeder
Cattle Feeder Perceptions Of Mandatory Price Reporting, S. Grunewald, C. Ward, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Livestock price reporting mandated by the USDA was designed to increase available price data with the intent of providing producers with information to facilitate price discovery. Has the program been effective at accomplishing this goal? This study determined how cattle feeders, a primary target of the program, feel about mandatory price reporting effectiveness. This study reports results from a survey of cattle feeding companies located primarily in Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Iowa. Results indicate a diversity of opinions regarding the effectiveness of mandatory price reporting. On average, producers are neutral to slightly negative regarding the value of mandatory price reporting. …
Investigation Of Tenderness Mechanisms In Calcium-Enhanced Muscle, T.E. Lawrence, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.R. Davis, Michael E. Dikeman
Investigation Of Tenderness Mechanisms In Calcium-Enhanced Muscle, T.E. Lawrence, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.R. Davis, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We explored the mechanism(s) of calcium- induced tenderization in calcium-enhanced beef muscle. At 72 hours postmortem, we injected (9% by weight) beef strip loins (n=15) with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) with and without 0.05 M zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and they were then aged until 15 days postmortem. Warner- Bratzler shear force peak values indicated that addition of ZnCl2 drastically inhibited tenderization; however, enhancement with CaCl2 still tended to reduce shear values (P=0.07; 0.55 kg) when ZnCl2 was present. In the absence of ZnCl2, the 0.2 and 0.4 M CaCl2 treatments were 18.9 and 32.1% …
Comparison Of Breeding System Costs For Estrus-Synchronization Protocols Plus Artificial Insemination Versus Natural Service, Sandra K. Johnson, S.L. Fogleman, R. Jones
Comparison Of Breeding System Costs For Estrus-Synchronization Protocols Plus Artificial Insemination Versus Natural Service, Sandra K. Johnson, S.L. Fogleman, R. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Breeding system costs were estimated for natural service and various estrous synchronization plus artificial insemination (AI) systems. Cost per pregnancy was lower for natural service than AI; however, for the large herd size the difference was small for some synchronization systems examined. When the value of an AI-sired calf at weaning was included as $25 greater than a natural service sired calf, several synchronization systems had lower breakeven prices than natural service. Assuming skilled labor could be obtained, systems that involved more heat detection time were more profitable than strict timed insemination systems. Producers that can obtain greater returns from …
Comparison Of Concentrated Separator Byproduct And Cane Molasses For Finishing Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard
Comparison Of Concentrated Separator Byproduct And Cane Molasses For Finishing Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We compared concentrated separator byproduct (CSB) to cane molasses on feedlot performance and carcass merit of 394 crossbred yearling beef heifers fed for 148 days. Sugar beet molasses undergoes a process in which approximately half of the sugar is removed, concentrating protein and mineral in CSB. Compared with cane molasses, CSB has more crude protein, ash, and moisture. Two diets based on steam-flaked corn containing either CSB or cane molasses at 5% (dry matter basis) of the diet were fed. Feedlot performance was similar between heifers fed the two diets (P>0.23). Apparent dietary concentrations of net energy for gain …
Ruminal Ammonia Load Does Not Affect Histidine Utilization In Growing Steers, K.C. Candler, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Ruminal Ammonia Load Does Not Affect Histidine Utilization In Growing Steers, K.C. Candler, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fermentation of dietary protein in the rumen leads to ammonia absorption, which could impair amino acid utilization in cattle. Our study was conducted to determine the effects of rumen ammonia load on histidine utilization. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (318 lb) housed in metabolism crates were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as a 3 x 2 factorial and included: 0, 1.5, or 3 grams/day L-histidine infused abomasally; and 0 or 80 grams/day urea infused ruminally to supply a metabolic ammonia load. As expected, urea infusions increased rumen ammonia and plasma urea concentrations. No …
Influence Of Low-Level Fall Protein Supplementation On Forage Intake, Diet Digestion, And Selection By Beef Steers Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range, Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Marston, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham
Influence Of Low-Level Fall Protein Supplementation On Forage Intake, Diet Digestion, And Selection By Beef Steers Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range, Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Marston, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study evaluated the effect on forage utilization of providing a limited quantity of a high-protein (40% crude protein) supplement to beef cattle grazing tallgrass prairie during the fall. Sixteen ruminally fistulated beef steers were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (fall supplementation or no fall supplementation), which were evaluated for their effect on forage intake and digestion during September and November. Within each treatment, four steers were used for measuring diet selection (by ruminal evacuation) and four were used for determining diet digestion (by total fecal collection). Data from both groups were used to calculate forage intake. Steers …
Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers And Heifers Fed Agrado™ Throughout The Finishing Period, J.J. Sindt, B. Dicke, T.J. Klopfenstein, L. Borck, James S. Drouillard
Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers And Heifers Fed Agrado™ Throughout The Finishing Period, J.J. Sindt, B. Dicke, T.J. Klopfenstein, L. Borck, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A finishing experiment was conducted at a commercial feedlot facility in Larned, Kansas, using 3,295 yearling steers and heifers to evaluate effects of Agrado™ addition to finishing diets. Agrado (ethoxyquin) is a dietary anti-oxidant that protects against oxidative loss of critical vitamins and prevents rancidity and unpalatable odors. Supplementing finishing diets of yearling steers and heifers with 150 ppm Agrado had no measurable effects on growth performance or carcass characteristics.
Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation, E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson
Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation, E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Melengestrol acetate (MGA) increases growth rate and inhibits estrus in feedlot heifers. Little is known of MGA's effect on skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the potential direct effects of MGA on cultured bovine muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Satellite cells isolated from yearling cattle were used to assess the effect of MGA in a dose titration (0, 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM) study on [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Likewise, satellite cell cultures were allowed to differentiate, and nuclei were stained at 168 hours to determine …
Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle, M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier
Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle, M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study examined the impacts of animal health and death loss on the economic performance of feedlot cattle. Using data from two feedlots in western Kansas, the impact of animal health on economic performance was quantified. Death loss and the percentage of animals treated significantly impacted feed conversion, average daily gain, and cost of gain. Feed conversion for a pen of cattle was found to increase by 0.27 lb feed/lb gain and daily gain decreased by 0.08 lb/day for each percentage point increase in death loss. An increase in death loss from 1% to 2% increased cost of gain by …
Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values And Ranges Of Steaks From Cattle Of Known Sires, Michael E. Dikeman, E.J. Pollak, J. Taylor, S. Davis, T. Holm, S. Koontz, C. Gill, Daniel W. Moser, E.A. Dressler
Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values And Ranges Of Steaks From Cattle Of Known Sires, Michael E. Dikeman, E.J. Pollak, J. Taylor, S. Davis, T. Holm, S. Koontz, C. Gill, Daniel W. Moser, E.A. Dressler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Carcass data and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) data on strip loin steaks were collected from nearly 8,500 cattle in contemporary groups of progeny from the more popular sires in 14 different beef cattle breeds in the Carcass Merit Traits project funded by Beef Checkoff dollars, the breed associations, and MMI Genomics. In addition, trained sensory panel evaluations were conducted on over 2,500 strip loin steaks from contemporary groups of progeny from five sires included in the DNA marker validation component of the project. The correlation between WBSF and tenderness scored by the trained sensory panel was -0.82, indicating that as …
Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The infraspinatus muscle (top blade) from the chuck clod, the gluteus medius muscle (top sirloin) from the sirloin, and the psoas major muscle (tenderloin) from the loin were obtained from 140 A- and B-maturity carcasses with either low-Slight or Small marbling and with either normal pH (5.7 or less) or high ultimate pH (6.0 or higher) to evaluate factors that could cause livery flavor in cooked beef. Muscles were aged for 7, 14, 21, or 35 days. A highly trained, flavor-profile sensory panel evaluated charbroiled steaks from these muscles. Approximately 8% of all sensory panelist judgments were scored to have …
Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady
Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The effect of consumer information about food irradiation and the source of the information was studied through a survey mailed to 400 residents each of Manhattan and Topeka, Kansas. Two-thirds of the surveys contained a brochure providing answers to frequently asked questions about irradiation, one-third did not. Half of the informational brochures were altered to suggest they were from industry, half from the government. The survey questioned consumer choice between irradiated and non-irradiated ground beef patties, with price differentials from 10 cents/lb to 40 cents/lb costlier for irradiated patties. A greater price differential resulted in less preference for irradiated beef …
Effects Of Dried Plum Mixtures On Total Aerobic Growth In Uncooked Ground Beef, L.K. Thompson, Daniel Y.C. Fung
Effects Of Dried Plum Mixtures On Total Aerobic Growth In Uncooked Ground Beef, L.K. Thompson, Daniel Y.C. Fung
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Spices and plant components are being used more often in food products as natural antimicrobials. Dried plums are effective antimicrobials against foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli O157:H7. The objective of this experiment was to determine the ability of dried plum mixtures to increase the shelf life of ground beef at refrigeration temperatures. Ground beef (80% lean) was mixed with 6% dried plum mixtures and stored at 45°F. Ground meat containing any of the seven dried plum mixtures remained at the initial total aerobic count of 6 log CFU/gram after 13 days compared to 8.5 log CFU/gram at 13 days for …
Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Meats Using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride, M. Singh, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Meats Using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride, M. Singh, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) spray using variable application temperatures, pressures, and times was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on the surfaces of commercial frankfurters and Polish sausage. Frankfurters and Polish sausage were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (101M, 109, 108M, serotype 4c ATCC, and serotype 3 ATCC) and subjected to no treatment, CPC treatment, and CPC followed by water treatment. CPC (1%) was applied to the frankfurters and Polish sausage by spraying in a cabinet using all combinations of 77, 104, and 131°F spray temperatures; 20, 25, and 35 psi spray pressures; and …
Effects Of Pregnancy In Feedlot Heifers On Performance And Carcass Characteristics, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston, T.E. Lawrence
Effects Of Pregnancy In Feedlot Heifers On Performance And Carcass Characteristics, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston, T.E. Lawrence
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sixty-eight, spring-born, yearling heifers were raised, estrous synchronized, artificially inseminated once, and then finished at the Kansas State University Western Kansas Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Center at Hays to determine the effects of pregnancy status on feedlot performance and carcass traits. To achieve a common endpoint at slaughter, heifers were allotted to one of two slaughter dates to achieve a backfat measurement of 0.5 inch. Therefore, both open and pregnant heifers were slaughtered at either 105 or 147 days (fetal age averaged 174 days for the pregnant heifers). Initial weight, rate of gain, and final weight were similar …
Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven, E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman
Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven, E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We used a forced-air convection oven to cook steaks from two muscles; strip loin (longissimus lumborum) and outside round (biceps femoris). We used a mathematical model to predict cooking time and temperature profiles for each steak. No differences (P>0.05) were found in cooking times between experimental and model values for either of the steaks. Modeled temperature profiles were consistently higher (except for the beginning of the cooking cycle) than the experimental values up to 65°C (150°F) in the cooking cycle for outside round steaks, whereas better agreement between experimental and modeled values was found for strip loin steaks. A …
Heritability And Correlation Estimates Of Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Marbling Score From Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, And Simmental-Sired Cattle, J.A. Minick, E.J. Pollak, D.E. Wilson, E.W. Dressler, Michael E. Dikeman
Heritability And Correlation Estimates Of Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Marbling Score From Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, And Simmental-Sired Cattle, J.A. Minick, E.J. Pollak, D.E. Wilson, E.W. Dressler, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for Warner- Bratzler shear force and marbling score of longissimus steaks from Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, and Simmental-sired cattle in the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) coordinated Carcass Merit Traits Project funded with Beef Checkoff dollars. There were 700 Angus-sired steers, 691 Charolais-sired steers and heifers, 938 Hereford-sired steers, and 1,167 Simmental-sired steers and heifers in the study. Restricted maximum likelihood estimates of the genetic parameters were determined using a sire model with a sire/maternal grandsire relationship matrix. The heritabilities for Warner-Bratzler shear force and marbling score, respectively, were …
Interseeding Lespedeza Into Crabgrass Pasture Versus Additional Nitrogen Fertilization On Forage Production And Cattle Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore
Interseeding Lespedeza Into Crabgrass Pasture Versus Additional Nitrogen Fertilization On Forage Production And Cattle Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 160 steers grazed "˜Red River' crabgrass pastures that were either fertilized with additional nitrogen (N) or interseeded with lespedeza during the summers of 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001. Wheat was also grazed in 1999, 2000, and 2001 prior to crabgrass emergence. Legume cover, forage dry matter production, grazing steer performance, and subsequent feedlot performance were measured. Available forage dry matter and grazing steer performance were similar between pastures of crabgrass fertilized with additional N and those interseeded with lespedeza in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In 1999, finishing feed intake, finishing gain and ribeye area were higher (P …
Consumer Valuation Of Steaks With Different Quality Attributes, T. Feldkamp, J. Lusk, Ted C. Schroeder
Consumer Valuation Of Steaks With Different Quality Attributes, T. Feldkamp, J. Lusk, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Determining needs and wants of consumers is important for the beef industry to reverse the downward trend in beef demand during the last two decades. This study used experimental auctions in conjunction with a survey to determine consumer preferences for beef steaks. Four experimental auctions were used to elicit consumers' maximum willingness to pay for five steak types: generic, guaranteed tender, "natural", USDA Choice, and Certified Angus Beef (CAB). Consumers indicated flavor and tenderness were the most important factors when eating steaks, but they believed there was only about a 50% chance a generic steak would adequately meet these criteria. …
Effect Of Processing Variables On Characteristics Of Steam-Flaked Corn, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, E.R. Loe, James S. Drouillard
Effect Of Processing Variables On Characteristics Of Steam-Flaked Corn, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, E.R. Loe, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated tempering moisture concentration, addition of a surfactant to improve moisture uptake, steam conditioning time, and flake density to determine their impact on characteristics of steam-flaked corn. Increasing steam conditioning time from 20 to 40 minutes or adding a surfactant during tempering did not increase final flake moisture concentration, but moisture content of flaked corn was linearly increased by increasing tempering moisture concentration. Addition of Grain Prep® surfactant during tempering decreased (P<0.05) the amount of moisture lost during flaking. Flake durability was increased by increasing tempering moisture concentration, but only if corn was steamed for 40 minutes (tempering moisture x steam time interaction; P<0.10). Decreasing flake density linearly increased both starch availability (P<0.01) and flake durability (P<0.05). In this experiment, tempering moisture concentration had the largest impact on flake moisture content, and flake density was the most influential variable altering flake durability and starch availability.
Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Type And Amount Of Ruminally Degradable Protein On Utilization Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, J.I. Arroguy, R.C. Cochran, M. Villarreal, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn, D.E. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Type And Amount Of Ruminally Degradable Protein On Utilization Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, J.I. Arroguy, R.C. Cochran, M. Villarreal, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn, D.E. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This experiment determined the impact of type of supplemental carbohydrate and amount of supplemental ruminally degradable protein (RDP) on intake and digestion of prairie hay. Fourteen ruminally fistulated beef steers were supplemented with one of two carbohydrates (corn starch or the simple sugar glucose) at 0.30% of body weight and one of seven levels of ruminally degradable protein (RDP; 0, 0.015, 0.051, 0.087, 0.123, 0.159, or 0.195% of body weight). Two additional steers served as controls (non-supplemented steers, i.e., no carbohydrate or RDP supplementation). Forage intake and digestion were substantially improved by increasing amounts of supplemental RDP. Supplemental carbohydrate with …
Influence Of Low-Level Supplementation With A High-Protein Feed On Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range During The Fall, Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Martson, David M. Grieger, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham, D.D. Simms
Influence Of Low-Level Supplementation With A High-Protein Feed On Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range During The Fall, Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Martson, David M. Grieger, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham, D.D. Simms
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of hand feeding a limited quantity of a high-protein supplement during the fall grazing period on cow and calf performance. The time of initiation of supplementation was also evaluated. One-hundred thirty-six multiparous, pregnant, spring-calving cows grazing native range were assigned to supplementation treatments. Control cows received no fall supplementation. Supplemented cows received 0.14% of body weight per day (1.5 lbs per day) of a high-protein supplement (40% crude protein, as-fed basis) approximately 2 months before and after weaning (Aug 15 to Dec 14; weaning = Oct 15) or only after weaning (Oct …
Relative Value Of Ruminally Degradable And Undegradable Protein On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Prairie Hay By Steers, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, C.G. Farmer, E.A. Klevesahl, J.I. Arroquy, D.E. Johnson, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Relative Value Of Ruminally Degradable And Undegradable Protein On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Prairie Hay By Steers, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, C.G. Farmer, E.A. Klevesahl, J.I. Arroquy, D.E. Johnson, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
An experiment was performed to investigate the impact of providing six levels of ruminally degradable protein (RDP; protein that is available to ruminal microbes) in combination with two levels of ruminally undegradable protein (RUP; protein that is not available to the ruminal microbes, but can be digested directly by cattle) on the intake and digestion of low-quality prairie hay. Twelve steers were provided unlimited access to low-quality prairie hay (5.3% crude protein and 71.7% neutral detergent fiber) throughout the trial. To simulate dietary RUP, casein was infused abomasally once daily at either 0 or 0.087% of body weight. To simulate …
Relationship Of Blood Glucose Concentration At Arrival To Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Beef Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, J.N. Pike, James S. Drouillard
Relationship Of Blood Glucose Concentration At Arrival To Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Beef Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, J.N. Pike, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Crossbred yearling heifers (n = 394) were used to compare the effect of high or low blood glucose measured at arrival on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. A blood sample was collected when heifers arrived at the Beef Cattle Research Center, and heifers were sorted into two groups: high or low blood glucose. The mean blood glucose concentration of the heifers was 57 ± 2 mg/dL in the low group and 78 ± 2 mg/dL in the high group. Heifers that had low blood glucose at arrival consumed more feed (P=0.02), tended to have increased final bodyweight and rate of …
Forage Production From Tallgrass Prairie Burned Annually In Autumn, Winter, Or Spring, E.G. Towne
Forage Production From Tallgrass Prairie Burned Annually In Autumn, Winter, Or Spring, E.G. Towne
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Aboveground biomass production was measured on upland and lowland prairie in replicated, ungrazed watersheds at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (Manhattan, KS) that were burned annually for seven years in either autumn (November), winter (February), or spring (April). Average grass and forb biomass did not significantly differ among burn seasons on either topographic site, although production fluctuated considerably over years. Results of this study contrast with many of the conventional views of how tallgrass prairie vegetation responds to seasonal fire.
Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Beef Patties With Added Spices And Ingredients, S. Hinojosa Verdin, K.A. Hachmeister, J. Scott Smith
Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Beef Patties With Added Spices And Ingredients, S. Hinojosa Verdin, K.A. Hachmeister, J. Scott Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are compounds present at part per billion levels in fried, grilled, broiled, barbecued and smoked meats. Most of these compounds are highly mutagenic, as demonstrated by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium. They also are carcinogenic in rodents and non-human primates following high dosage and long term oral administration. For decades, researchers have focused on inhibiting the production of these carcinogens. This research investigates the effects of natural antioxidants in spices or other ingredients on the reduction of heterocyclic amines formation when beef patties are cooked. The term "spice" in this paper includes herbs. Ground beef patties …
Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle, R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman
Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle, R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were obtained from weaning weight records of 23,681 crossbred steers and heifers, and carcass data of 4,094 crossbred steers using REML applied to animal models. Direct and maternal heritabilities for weaning weight were 0.14 and 0.19, respectively. The genetic correlation between direct and maternal weaning weight was negative (-0.18). Heritabilities for carcass traits of steers were moderate to large (0.34 to 0.60). Genetic correlations between direct genetic effects for weaning weight and carcass traits were small, except with hot carcass weight (0.70), ribeye area (0.29) and adjusted fat thickness (0.26). Genetic correlations of maternal …