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Polled Hereford And Simmental Milk Production, R.R. Schalles, S. Kimbrough, K.O. Zoellner, D.D. Simms
Polled Hereford And Simmental Milk Production, R.R. Schalles, S. Kimbrough, K.O. Zoellner, D.D. Simms
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The weigh-suckle-weigh method was used to measure milk consumption by 265 calves from 159 Polled Hereford and Simmental cows over 3 years. Calves nursing Polled Hereford cows consumed an average of 11.2 lbs of milk per day, with a peak of 15lbs at 50 days post"¢ calving. calves nursing Simmental cows consumed an average of 16.8 lbs of milk per day, with a peak of 20 lbs at 58 days after calving. All increase of 1lb in daily milk consumption produced approximately 20 lbs increase in weaning weight.
Influence Of Milk Levels Of Beef Cows On Returns: A Simulation Approach, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner, L.S. Clarke
Influence Of Milk Levels Of Beef Cows On Returns: A Simulation Approach, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner, L.S. Clarke
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Results of four simulated production systems indicated that high levels of milk produced calves that were heavier at weaning, primarily because of an increase in body fat. High levels of milk production, however, were a disadvantage when calves went directly to the feedlot. With slow-growing calves, the fat either had to be depleted postweaning, or the calves had to be slaughtered at less-than-desirable weights in order to maintain desirable carcass fat. High milk intake is more tolerable for calves with fast growth rates, whereas low milk intake is a an economic necessity for calves with slow growth rates. The moderate …
Splay-Foot In Cattle, R.R. Schalles, R.W. Markham, H.W. Leipold, M.F. Spire
Splay-Foot In Cattle, R.R. Schalles, R.W. Markham, H.W. Leipold, M.F. Spire
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Angular limb deformity, observed in several breeds of cattle, results in a knock-kneed and splay-footed condition in the front legs. This study shows that angular limb deformity is a congenital structural defect, inherited as a simple, autosomal, recessive trait.
Evaluation Of Interseeded Grain Sorghum And Soybeans As A Silage Crop, S.H.M. Esmail, H. Hartadi, L.H. Harbers, John E. Shirley, J.D. Hoover, S. Azimi, L.W. Pfaff, K.K. Bolsen
Evaluation Of Interseeded Grain Sorghum And Soybeans As A Silage Crop, S.H.M. Esmail, H. Hartadi, L.H. Harbers, John E. Shirley, J.D. Hoover, S. Azimi, L.W. Pfaff, K.K. Bolsen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Interseeded grain sorghum and soybeans have been evaluated as a silage crop over a 3year period. In the first 2 years, maximum dry matter (DM) yields occurred at the late-dough stage of the grain sorghum, and interseeded silages had higher crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber contents than non-interseeded late-dough stage, grain sorghum control silages. In year 2, seeding grain sorghum and soybeans in alternating IS-inch rows increased DM yield, CP content, and the proportion of soybean plants in the mixture compared to drilled (6-inch spacing) interseeding. Digestibilities of most nutrients were similar in all silages; however, cattle fed …
Additive-Treated Corn And Forage Sorghum Silages For Growing Cattle, K.K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, R.A. Hart, F. Niroomand, J. Hoover
Additive-Treated Corn And Forage Sorghum Silages For Growing Cattle, K.K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, R.A. Hart, F. Niroomand, J. Hoover
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Whole-plant corn silages were treated with Ecosyl® or Foraform® in one trial and Biomate® or Biomate + Cold-flo® in the second trial. In both trials, the silages were well preserved, but all were highly unstable in air during the first 3 to 4 weeks of the feed-out period. Foraform-treated silage was 2 to 6 degrees F cooler than its control, but Cold-flo-treated silage was 2 to 8 degrees F warmer during the first 10 days post-filling. Laboratory silo results showed that both control silages fermented extremely fast; however, inoculated silages had slightly lower pH and higher lactic acid values through …
Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Calibrations For Sorghum Silage, P.C. Dubois, G. Garcia, K.K. Bolsen, L.H. Harbers
Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Calibrations For Sorghum Silage, P.C. Dubois, G. Garcia, K.K. Bolsen, L.H. Harbers
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Calibrations for near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis of sorghum silage and sheep feces samples were developed. with mixed success. For sorghum silage, the standard errors of calibration (SEC) and correlation coefficients of calibration (R2) for crude protein (CP) were .405% and .927; for acid detergent fiber (ADF), 1.667% and .943; and for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 1.589% and .964, respectively. The statistics for crude protein were not as good as similar work reported in the literature, but the data for the fiber components was as good as or better than similar reported work. For sheep feces. the SEC and R2 …
Dietary Fat And Calcium Level Effect On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Merit In Steers, B. Bock, Robert T. Brandt Jr., D.L. Harmon
Dietary Fat And Calcium Level Effect On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Merit In Steers, B. Bock, Robert T. Brandt Jr., D.L. Harmon
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Feeding fat increased feed intake and average daily gain, but feed efficiency was not affected. Feeding high levels of calcium (.9%) had no overall effect, but may tend to increase intake when fed with diets that contain primarily vegetable fat or highly unsaturated fat products.
Liver Fluke Infestation In Kansas Fed Slaughter Cattle, S.B. Laudert
Liver Fluke Infestation In Kansas Fed Slaughter Cattle, S.B. Laudert
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Feedlot cattle from 1,687 pens totaling 290,183 head were evaluated at slaughter for the presence of liver flukes. Overall, 4.92% of the cattle were found to be infected. Only 15.2% of all pens of cattle were found to be completely free of flukes. However, only 5.3% of the pens had greater than 15% of the cattle infested. Beef steers had a higher level of infestation (5.2%) than beef heifers (4.4%). Holstein steers had an overall infestation rate of 4.4%.
Effect Of Foraform® On Fermentation Of Alfalfa, Corn, And Forage Sorghum Silages, K.K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, A.D. Drysdale
Effect Of Foraform® On Fermentation Of Alfalfa, Corn, And Forage Sorghum Silages, K.K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, A.D. Drysdale
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Foraform® was evaluated in four trials using alfalfa, corn, and two forage sorghums harvested in 1987 and ensiled in PVC laboratory silos. There was a dramatic crop by Foraform interaction, with Foraform delaying and restricting the fermentations, as expected, in alfalfa and corn. In both forage sorghum hybrids, although the ensiling process was delayed about 24 hours by the Foraform treatment, end-product silages had lower pH values and equal or higher lactic acid levels than untreated silages. Foraform was effective at both 60 to 90 F temperatures in alfalfa, with treated silages having lower lactic and acetic acids, ethanol, and …
Soybean Meal+Sorghum Grain, Alfalfa Hay, And Dehydrated Alfalfa Pellets As Protein Supplements For Beef Cows Grazing Dormant, Tallgrass-Prairie, T. Delcurto, R.C. Cochran, L.R. Corah, E.S. Vanzant
Soybean Meal+Sorghum Grain, Alfalfa Hay, And Dehydrated Alfalfa Pellets As Protein Supplements For Beef Cows Grazing Dormant, Tallgrass-Prairie, T. Delcurto, R.C. Cochran, L.R. Corah, E.S. Vanzant
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eighty-six pregnant. Hereford x Angus cows were randomly assigned to one of three winter supplement treatments: 1) soybean meal+sorghum grain, 2) alfalfa hay, or 3) dehydrated alfalfa pellets. Cows supplemented with dehydrated alfalfa pellets gained more (P<.05) weight during gestation and lost the least (P<.05) weight at calving. However, no differences (P>.10) were detected in cow body condition change. reproductive efficiency, or calf growth.
Effect Of Liquamycin® And Syntabac Plus® On Gain And Health Of Stockers Purchased As Steers Or Bulls, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl
Effect Of Liquamycin® And Syntabac Plus® On Gain And Health Of Stockers Purchased As Steers Or Bulls, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Steer calves gained faster (P<.001) and required fewer treatments per animal (P<.01) than newly castrated bull calves during a 29-day receiving period. Liquamycin® (LA-200) injection at arrival increased steer gains (P<.08) and reduced treatments required per animal (P<.08). The combined use of LA-2oo and Syntabac Plus®"¢ increased gains (P<.08) of newly castrated calves.
Effects Of Finapux® In Combination With Ralgro® And Synovex® On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Steers And Heifers, Gerry L. Kuhl, D. Simms, R. Ritter, P. Houghton, Paul D. Hartman
Effects Of Finapux® In Combination With Ralgro® And Synovex® On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Steers And Heifers, Gerry L. Kuhl, D. Simms, R. Ritter, P. Houghton, Paul D. Hartman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Five field trials were conducted with 762 steers and heifers to evaluate Finaplix® in combination with Ralgro® or Synovex® for growing and finishing programs. Effects on cattle performance and carcass characteristics were inconsistent across trials. However, in general, implanting cattle with Finaplix and either Ralgro or Synovex tended to result in increased gain, final weight, and carcass weight, with little effect on backfat, loin eye area or kidney, heart, and pelvic fat. Marbling score and the percentage of cattle grading choice tended to be reduced slightly, although this was not usually significant.
Influence Of Level Of Grain Supplementation On The Performance Of Intensive-Early Stocked Steers, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, Clenton E. Owensby
Influence Of Level Of Grain Supplementation On The Performance Of Intensive-Early Stocked Steers, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, Clenton E. Owensby
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two levels of sorghum grain supplementation (2 or 4 lb/day) for"¢steers in an intensive-early stocking program tended to increase average daily gain in direct proportion to increasing supplement level (2.7 and 2.9 lb/day. respectively, compared to 2.5 lb with no supplement). Similarly, grass remaining in the pastures after the cattle were removed on July 15, and at the end of the growing season on October 1, was greater when cattle were supplemented.
Effect Of Limited-Creep Feeding On Performance Of Spring-Born Calves: Results Of 1988 Field Trials, D.D. Simms, Gerry L. Kuhl
Effect Of Limited-Creep Feeding On Performance Of Spring-Born Calves: Results Of 1988 Field Trials, D.D. Simms, Gerry L. Kuhl
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two field trials were conducted to evaluate limited-creep feeding of spring- born calves using pelleted creep rations with either 0.5, 5, or 10% salt. Average daily gain was increased (P<.05) over controls in trial 2 and when both trials were combined. However, intakes were higher than desired and feed conversion much poorer than expected.
Feed Utilization During Late Gestation By Polled Hereford And Simmental Cows, R.R. Schalles, G.H. Kiracofe, J.W. Wright
Feed Utilization During Late Gestation By Polled Hereford And Simmental Cows, R.R. Schalles, G.H. Kiracofe, J.W. Wright
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Thirty-one Polled Hereford and 29 Simmental cows were individually fed two energy levels for about the last 4 months before calving. Weight, condition score, backfat thickness, and reproduction were evaluated. No differences were found in efficiency of feed utilization between breeds or between energy levels. These cows started the experiment in moderate body condition, and a 10% reduction in dietary energy level during late gestation did not affect their reproductive performance.
Limit Versus Full Creep-Feeding Of A High Protein Supplement To Calves Grazing Late Summer Bluestem, R.C. Cochran, C.E. Binns, L.R. Corah, T. Delcurto, E.S. Vanzant
Limit Versus Full Creep-Feeding Of A High Protein Supplement To Calves Grazing Late Summer Bluestem, R.C. Cochran, C.E. Binns, L.R. Corah, T. Delcurto, E.S. Vanzant
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Limit creep-feeding a 36% protein supplement (avg. salt concentration = 7.9%) was compared with unlimited consumption of the same supplement without salt (full creep-feeding) and with no supplementation. Average daily gain of steer calves was increased (P≤.06) by.19 (limit creep-feeding) and .38 (full creep-feeding) lb per day compared with non-supplemented calves. Average daily gain of heifer calves was not increased by creep feeding. Efficiency with which creep was converted to extra gain was poor for both limit and full creep-feeding groups. Little difference was observed in postweaning average daily gains; however, the calves given ad libitum access to creep feed …
Effects Of Winter Herbage Removal On Flint Hills Rangeland, Lisa M. Auen, Clenton E. Owensby
Effects Of Winter Herbage Removal On Flint Hills Rangeland, Lisa M. Auen, Clenton E. Owensby
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Intensive-early stocking (lES) in the Kansas Flint Hills has greatly increased livestock production efficiency. The potential for grazing of regrowth on IES pastures the following winter was studied by mowing different plots on a monthly basis from October to April, 19831985. Winter herbage removal had no significant effect on herbage production in the following seasons or on the total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) rhizomes. Since there was no reduction in herbage yield for any mowing date, cattle producers can apparently restock IES pastures after October 1.
Performance Of Stocker Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass At Two Stocking Rates And Dewormed With Morantel Tartrate, K.P. Coffey, Joseph L. Moyer, Lyle W. Lomas
Performance Of Stocker Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass At Two Stocking Rates And Dewormed With Morantel Tartrate, K.P. Coffey, Joseph L. Moyer, Lyle W. Lomas
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Early-intensive grazing of smooth bromegrass reduced animal gains but improved gain/acre. Morantel tartrate reduced fecal nematode egg counts but had no effect on animal performance at either stocking rate
Influence Of Supplemental Protein Concentration On Intake, Utilization, And Quality Of Diet Selected By Steers Grazing Dormant Tallgrass-Prairie, T. Delcurto, R.C. Cochran, L.R. Corah, A.A. Beharka, E.S. Vanzant
Influence Of Supplemental Protein Concentration On Intake, Utilization, And Quality Of Diet Selected By Steers Grazing Dormant Tallgrass-Prairie, T. Delcurto, R.C. Cochran, L.R. Corah, A.A. Beharka, E.S. Vanzant
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fifteen ruminally and 12 esophageally cannulated steers were randomly assigned to receive low (LP), moderate (MP), and high (HP) crude protein (CP) supplements in a 23-day winter grazing trial designed to evaluate dormant tallgrass forage intake and utilization. Supplemental CP levels were 13, 26, or 39%, respectively. Forage organic matter (OM) intake was greatest (P<.05) for the MP steers. Likewise, fiber (NDF) digestibility and ruminal fill were largest (P<.10) for the MP treatment. Furthermore, the quality of diet selected tended to improve with increasing supplemental protein concentration. Increasing CP concentration in supplements dramatically improves the intake and utilization of dormant forage. In this study, intake and digestibility were optimized with the MP supplement.
Soybean Meal+Milo, Alfalfa Hay, And Dehydrated Alfalfa Pellets As Protein Sources For Steers Fed Dormant, Native Tallgrass Forage In Drylot, T. Delcurto, R.C. Cochran, A.A. Beharka, E.S. Vanzant, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Soybean Meal+Milo, Alfalfa Hay, And Dehydrated Alfalfa Pellets As Protein Sources For Steers Fed Dormant, Native Tallgrass Forage In Drylot, T. Delcurto, R.C. Cochran, A.A. Beharka, E.S. Vanzant, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sixteen ruminally-cannulated steers consuming dormant tallgrass-prairie forage were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) control, no supplement; 2) soybean meal (SBM)+sorghum grain; 3) alfalfa hay; or 4) dehydrated alfalfa pellets. Forage dry matter (DM) intake was at least doubled by all three supplemental protein treatments (P<.01). In addition, steers supplemented with dehydrated alfalfa pellets displayed 15% higher forage DM intakes than steers supplemented with SBM+sorghum grain or alfalfa hay. Total DM digestibility did not differ (P>.10) among treatments; however, fiber (NDF) digestibility was depressed in steers supplemented with SBM+sorghum grain or dehydrated alfalfa pellets, compared with controls. Results from this study reinforce the concept that supplemental protein improves forage intake and utilization. Additionally, alfalfa hay and dehydrated alfalfa pellets appear to be at least as effective as …
Influence Of Rumen Bypass Fat In Cattle Supplements On Forage Utilization, R.B. Hightshoe, R.C. Cochran, L.R. Corah, D.L. Harmon, E.S. Vanzant
Influence Of Rumen Bypass Fat In Cattle Supplements On Forage Utilization, R.B. Hightshoe, R.C. Cochran, L.R. Corah, D.L. Harmon, E.S. Vanzant
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Incorporation of rumen bypass fat into a supplement to be fed with low quality forage did not affect total dry matter digestibility or ruminal dry matter fill. Similarly, no difference in digestibility was observed among types (animal vs. plant) or levels (low vs. high) of lipids used in this study. Rumen bypass fat apparently avoids the negative impact on forage utilization seen with conventional fats.
Effect Of Commercial Inoculants On Fermentation Of 1988 Silage Crops, K.K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, S. Azimi, R.A. Hart, F. Niroomand, J. Bradford, L. Clare
Effect Of Commercial Inoculants On Fermentation Of 1988 Silage Crops, K.K. Bolsen, A. Laytimi, S. Azimi, R.A. Hart, F. Niroomand, J. Bradford, L. Clare
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We have measured silage fermentation dynamics in over 50 crops since the development of a 4 x 14 inch PVC pipe, laboratory-scale silo in 1984. In many of these experiments, our objective was to determine how inoculants or inoculant/enzyme combinations affected the rate and efficiency of the ensiling process. Twenty-five different inoculants have been tested over a wide range of ensiling conditions. Results show that the majority of silage inoculants available today are able to supply a high number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and to improve silage fermentation in most crops (KAES, Reports of Progress 494, 514, and 539). …
Dietary Influences On Pancreatic Amylase And Small Intestinal Disaccharidase Activities In Cattle, K.K. Kreikemeier, D.L. Harmon, K. Gross, C. Armendariz
Dietary Influences On Pancreatic Amylase And Small Intestinal Disaccharidase Activities In Cattle, K.K. Kreikemeier, D.L. Harmon, K. Gross, C. Armendariz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Pancreatic α-amylase activity was 54% higher in cattle fed at twice maintenance energy than in cattle fed at maintenance and was 52% greater in hay-fed than grain-fed cattle. Increased pancreatic α-amylase activity probably represents increased secretion as well. α-amylase activity in small intestinal digesta was greater with increased energy intake and with hay feeding. Small intestine mucosal disaccharidase activities in cattle were unaffected by diet. Lactase activity was highest in the proximal segment of the small intestine and low in both mid and distal segments. Maltase and isomaltase activities were low in the duodenum, but increased toward the jejunum and …
Performance, Carcass, And Meat Palatability Traits Of Open And 30-Month Old Heifers That Produced One Calf, A.W. Waggoner, J.R. Brethour, Michael E. Dikeman
Performance, Carcass, And Meat Palatability Traits Of Open And 30-Month Old Heifers That Produced One Calf, A.W. Waggoner, J.R. Brethour, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eighty-seven 3/8 Simmental x 5/8 Hereford heifers calved at 2 years of age and were designated as Single-Calf-Heifers (SCH). Twenty-six heifer mates that did not calve were designated as 2-year-old open heifers (2-OH), and 22, 1 year-old open heifers (1-OH) from the same source served as controls. All heifer groups were fed a high-grain diet for 112 to 137 days before slaughter. The SCH were started on feed about 1 month after calving, and their calves were weaned early about 5 weeks prior to slaughter. Thirty-three of the SCH were implanted with Synovex-H® after calving. Carcass data were obtained, and …
Fecal Thiaminase In Feedlot Cattle, T.D. Hays, B.E. Brent
Fecal Thiaminase In Feedlot Cattle, T.D. Hays, B.E. Brent
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fecal thiaminase was measured on 152 feedlot cattle at three locations and on a variety of rations. No animals showed signs of polioencephalomalacia. Thiaminase activities ranged from 0.6 to 430 µmol thiamin destroyed per minute per liter of feces (µmol/min/l). Eighty-two percent of the thiaminase activities were below 20 µmol/min/l, and only 3 percent were less than 2 µmol/min/l. High levels of fecal thiaminase were apparently not related to ration. Thiaminase was detected in all animals studied, but one location had only minimal levels. When high levels of thiaminase were found, the samples were re-assayedt and the enzyme was confirmed …
Managing Fast- Vs. Slow-Growth Genotypes To Optimize Quality And Yield Grades, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner, Michael E. Dikeman
Managing Fast- Vs. Slow-Growth Genotypes To Optimize Quality And Yield Grades, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fast-growth genotype steers placed on a high energy ration a month after weaning were compared to a slow-growth genotype on a growing ration for 155 days, followed by a finishing ration for 62 days. The fast-growth genotype produced heavier, higher quality carcasses in less time than the slow-growth genotype, with similar energy conversion. Using contemporary prices. the fast-growth genotype cattle broke even, and the slow-growth genotype lost $124 per head.
Syncro-Mate B® Induces Estrus In Cows Without Ovaries, W.J. Mcguire, G.H. Kiracofe
Syncro-Mate B® Induces Estrus In Cows Without Ovaries, W.J. Mcguire, G.H. Kiracofe
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Syncro-Mate B® was capable of inducing estrous behavior in ovariectomized cows. Lengthening the norgestomet implant period from 9 to 18 days did not prevent estrus. The ability of Syncro-Mate B to induce estrous behavior in ovariectomized cows helps explain the variable conception rates obtained after using this product in intact cows.
Conception Rates Of Beef Heifers Treated With Gnrh Analog At The Time Of Estrus Or At The Time Of Artificial Insemination., L.R. Corah, W.E. Beal, M.F. Spire, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Conception Rates Of Beef Heifers Treated With Gnrh Analog At The Time Of Estrus Or At The Time Of Artificial Insemination., L.R. Corah, W.E. Beal, M.F. Spire, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Injecting a GnRH-analog at the time of estrus or at insemination did not generally improve conception rates in heifers inseminated following a synchronized estrus. However, within some herds. a significant positive response was noted.
Influence Of Limited-Creep Feeding On Pre- And Postweaning Performance Of Spring-Born Calves, C.E. Binns, F.K. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl, D.D. Simms, K.O. Zoellner, L.R. Corah
Influence Of Limited-Creep Feeding On Pre- And Postweaning Performance Of Spring-Born Calves, C.E. Binns, F.K. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl, D.D. Simms, K.O. Zoellner, L.R. Corah
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Limit-feeding a high protein creep (36% CP) and a high energy creep (16% CP) was compared with no supplementation in a 61-day preweaning trial. Salt was used to limit daily creep intake to 1.5 to 2.0 lb per head. Calves given the limited energy and protein creep feeds outgained (P<.01) the unsupplemented calves by 0.2 lb and 0.3 lb, respectively. Conversion of creep feed consumed to extra gain was 6.7 and 5.3 for the energy and protein creep-fed calves, respectively (salt included). Trucking shrink of the noncreep-fed calves on the day of weaning and shipping was 4.9 lb and 7.0 lb less (P<.05) than that of the energy and protein creep-fed calves, respectively. Postweaning daily gains of the energy creep-fed calves was higher than those of both the protein creep-fed calves (P=.09) and the noncreep-fed calves (P<.01) by 0.3 lb and 0.5 lb, respectively. The energy creep-fed calves consumed more (P<.05) daily dry matter than the protein creep-fed and unsupplemented calves. Little difference was observed in postweaning feed conversion among creep treatments.
Visual Body Condition Score Of Cows, C.K. Clarke, R.R. Schalles
Visual Body Condition Score Of Cows, C.K. Clarke, R.R. Schalles
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Condition scores are often used to describe the "fleshiness" of cows. These scores range from 1 (extremely emaciated) to 9 (extremely fat).