Digital Commons Network^™

St-10 - South Dakota 2026-01-14, Shari Theroux

State Representatives

No abstract provided.

St-11 - Utah 2026-01-14, Meghan Flynn

State Representatives

No abstract provided.

Cospectrality Results For Signed Graphs With Two Eigenvalues Unequal To ±1, Willem H. Haemers, Hati̇ce Topcu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Recently the collection G of all signed graphs for which the adjacency matrix has all but at most two eigenvalues equal to ±1 has been determined. Here we investigate G for cospectral pairs, and for signed graphs determined by their spectrum (up to switching). If the order is at most 20, the outcome is presented in a clear table. If the spectrum is symmetric we find all signed graphs in G determined by their spectrum, and we obtain all signed graphs cospectral with the bipartite double of the complete graph. In addition we determine all signed graphs cospectral with the …

A Thank-You Gift To My Dad: Illustrations Based On Olaf Stapledon’S Star Maker, Alex Combs

Journal of Conscious Evolution

This essay reflects on a series of etchings created as a personal tribute to my father, Allan Leslie Combs, and inspired by Olaf Stapledon’s Star Maker. Blending memoir, art, and cosmological imagination, the article explores creative gratitude, spiritual vision in science fiction, and the connection between art and consciousness.

Keywords: Allan Leslie Combs, Olaf Stapledon, Star Maker, consciousness and creativity

Assessing Pediatric Providers' Physical Activity Counseling Practices And The Feasibility Of Establishing An Exercise Referral Pathway, Kiara Robins

Doctorate in Kinesiology

Pediatric obesity and physical inactivity remain significant public health concerns, yet many pediatric providers report limited training, time, and resources to deliver effective physical activity counseling. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine pediatric providers’ familiarity with physical activity guidelines, confidence in counseling, perceived barriers, and attitudes towards integrating exercise professionals into pediatric care in Eastern North Carolina. A secondary aim evaluated the feasibility of engaging regional practices using a structured recruitment strategy. Eleven pediatric healthcare providers completed an online survey assessing demographic characteristics, counseling behaviors, and perception of a proposed exercise referral model. Providers reported moderate to …

Beyond Icwa: Within Family Court Systems, Mixed Indigenous Families Confront Ongoing Jurisdictional Violence, Nis Wilbur

American Indian Law Journal

Mixed Indigenous families (MIFs) navigating parental custody in the United States can find themselves trapped in a Battleship®-style jurisdictional maze, where tribal, state, and federal authorities collide unpredictably. This legal mess threatens to separate children from their tribal communities, undermines tribal sovereignty, and can force families into years of costly litigation. The problem is rooted in centuries of white supremacist law and policy that systematically dispossess tribes of culture and self-governance: from the Marshall Trilogy to the boarding school era and harmful adoption schemes. Today, legal frameworks like the UCCJEA remain insufficient as they minimize or ignore tribal civil jurisdiction, …

Table Of Contents

American Indian Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Workers’ Compensation Codes In American Indian* Tribal Nations, Autumn N. Siegel

American Indian Law Journal

This Article examines various Tribal Nations’ experiences in developing their own workers’ compensation systems using a comparative law and legal development approach, including direct interviews with a diverse range of tribal members. Tribal Nations’ self-created workers’ compensation codes predominantly rely on local models and expertise to establish and operate their systems. However, Tribal Nations also infuse their own cultural values into their codes, incorporating tribal perspectives and priorities such as valuing traditional medicine and peace-making alternative dispute resolution, providing more generously to volunteers, and incorporating return-to-work programs into their workers’ compensation systems. Some Tribal Nations also find it necessary to …

U.N.Masking American Exceptionalism: How International Frameworks Can Inform American Indian Policy, Kaitlin Reese

American Indian Law Journal

“U.N.masking American Exceptionalism: How International Frameworks Can Inform American Policy,” serves primarily to examine and criticize how American case law, such as Johnson v. M’Intosh, has been used in foreign courts to justify the Doctrine of Discovery and how, despite many other courts eventually acknowledging it as a harmful rule of law in meaningful ways, the United States has done no such thing. This Article walks through not only the legal cases both at home and abroad, but also delves into the historical background that led up to Johnson, examines the cases abroad that integrate the Doctrine of Discovery and …

Partners No More? Government And Philanthropy Navigate A Fractured Relationship, Jill Roof, Jeff Williams

Research, Reports, and Publications

No abstract provided.

Beyond Good Intentions, Nonprofits Must Show Good Work To Build Trust, Emily Doebler, Jennifer Lawson, Brenda Falk

Research, Reports, and Publications

No abstract provided.

Community-Led Movements Are Driving Climate Action, Trish Abalo, Emily Doebler

Research, Reports, and Publications

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of The Role Of Women In The Progression Of The Gospel, D'Atra Mcfarland

Masters Theses

This thesis is an analysis of the role women played in the progression of the gospel. It tackles the argument of complementarianism versus egalitarianism. However, it takes on an egalitarian perspective and believes that Jesus showed through his interaction with women at pivotal points in his earthly ministry that women are essential when it comes to spreading the gospel. This thesis also explores the historical background of the Gospels, the gospel message, and relevant biblical, historical, and cultural texts that provide information on women in the first century of the New Testament. It also explores the general relationship that Jesus …

A067: Improving Children's Community-Based Sports Coaching Service Quality: An Sor Model Analysis, Xiaozhe Yang, Chenglong Wang, Lei Zhang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In recent years, children’s community-based sports coaching has experienced rapid growth due to its convenience, safety, and tailored approach. However, parents’ trust in the quality of coaching services significantly impacts development. This study, grounded in the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model, examines how service quality (stimulus) influences parental trust (organism) and their intention to utilize such services (response) from the perspective of parental trust. It analyzes existing service issues and proposes measures to enhance service quality, offering practical guidance for institutions and coaches. Method: This study combined the use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. First, questionnaires were distributed to 300 parents to …

A089: Value Reconstruction And Practical Dimensions Of Ai-Empowered Reform In University Physical Education, Shuqing Ma, Fengmai Pang, Haixia Wang, Yiqing Lu

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Driven by educational digital transformation and the iterative advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), university physical education is undergoing a paradigm shift from an "experience-driven" to a "data-driven" model. Method: Based on the theoretical framework of digital educational transformation, this study systematically explores the value positioning, technical pathways, and practical challenges of AI in reforming physical education. Artificial Intelligence intervenes in pedagogical change through three important domains and reveals multiple realities of obstruction in current practice: Instructional Mode: By leveraging intelligent perception and learning analytics technologies, AI establishes personalized exercise prescription systems, transitioning from standardized teaching to precision-guided instruction. Evaluation System: …

A150: Aerobic Exercise And Caloric Restriction Modulate Macrophage Polarization And Nlrp3 In Liver Tissue Of Obese, Siyang Wang, Chunyan Xu

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise, caloric restriction, and their combined intervention on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage M1/M2 polarization in the liver of db/db mice, and to elucidate their potential mechanisms in alleviating hepatic inflammation. Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=8/group): control (CON), aerobic exercise (AE), caloric restriction (CR), and combined intervention (ECR). The AE group underwent treadmill running at 50%-55% VO2max for 1 h/day, 5 days/week. The CR group received 70% of the CON group’s daily food intake. The ECR group combined both interventions for 12 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored …

A298: Improving Preschool Teachers' Physical Education Abilities Through Digitalization: Pathways And Strategies For Enhancement, Zeying Miao

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

The digital transformation of preschool physical activities is crucial for improving the quality of physical education in kindergartens, promoting educational outcomes, and supporting national educational development. However, many preschool teachers lack the knowledge and skills required for intelligent teaching, especially in applying artificial intelligence technologies, resulting in superficial and ineffective digital transformation. This issue stems from the insufficient digital teaching abilities of preschool teachers. This study aims to analyze the current state of these abilities, identify influencing factors, and propose practical improvement pathways to support the digital transformation of preschool physical activities. Method: This study employed a questionnaire survey method, …

A288: The Influence Of Physical Literacy On Physical Activity: The Mediating Role Of Sport Commitment, Ying Yu, Jiabin Lin

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Physical inactivity has become a global public crisis. The physical activity level of college students has decreased significantly worldwide, while physical literacy as a potential way to promote physical activity is receiving attention. However, the mechanism by which physical literacy promotes physical activity remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physical literacy and physical activity and the mediating role of sport commitment. Method: 824 college students from Changchun, Jilin Province, China, participated in this study (Mage=21) using the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument, International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, and Sport Commitment Questionnaire. Pearson correlation, …

A235: The Impact Of Psychological Skills Training On The Sports Performance Of Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review, Lingzhi He

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Psychological skills training, as an essential component of competitive sports training, is currently a popular method widely applied to enhance athletes’ performance. Particularly for adolescent athletes, psychological training not only helps them perform at their best in competitive settings but also promotes the comprehensive development of their psychological qualities. However, current research primarily focuses on adult populations, and studies targeting adolescents still have certain limitations. This article aims to review the impact of psychological skills training on the sports performance of adolescent athletes by analyzing the content, methods, and findings of existing research. It summarizes the shortcomings of current studies …

A239: Optimization Study Of Elite Volleyball Players' Spiking Speed Based On Ai Muscle Patch Intelligence Analysis, Yuang Wang, Qiming Zhu, Qingyi Wu, Ming Zhang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Spiking speed is an important indicator of volleyball players' offensive ability, and the weakness of arm muscle strength may affect the performance of spiking. Traditional EMG equipment is difficult to meet the training needs of elite athletes due to the lag in data analysis. In this study, we used an “AI muscle patch” to collect EMG signals of volleyball players' arms during analyzed the weak links of individual muscles through an AI model, identified the weak chains of muscles that affect the speed of spiking, and formulated a personalized training program to strengthen the muscles to improve the spiking speed. …

A243: The Relationship Among Sport Confidence, Failure Coping, And Athletic Motivation Of Students In Physical Education, Yinru Chen

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In the research on the psychological abilities in sports competitions, exploring sports motivation is indispensable. Sports motivation has the functions of stimulating students' sports behaviors, guiding students to choose sports events, and strengthening and maintaining students' participation in sports. Sports confidence is the main stabilizing factor in students' mental health. Failure coping is the most important link in students' psychological adjustment after competitions. Paying attention to the characteristics and relationships of the students' confidence in sports, coping with failure, and motivation for sports is conducive to making the students of this major attach importance to the development of their competitive …

A255: Active Health-Oriented Digital Development Of China's National Fitness Events: Connotations, Challenges, And Pathways, Xingyu Fei, Li Liu

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized building a Digital China and accelerating the digital economy. The "14th Five-Year Plan for Sports" proposed constructing a digital sports project with four platforms and one center, drawing significant academic and industry attention to the digital development of mass fitness events. However, research on digital sports events remains limited, focusing mainly on broadcasting and technology applications. This study explores the challenges of high-quality development in digital mass fitness events and proposes pathways for digital enhancement. Using literature review, logical reasoning, and semi-structured interviews to define the concept of digital …

A266: A Study On The Health Promotion Mechanisms And Practical Paths Of Traditional Lion Dance Sports, Jiahao Leng, Jingshuo Wang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

As a living cultural heritage of Chinese traditional sports, lion dance combines physical exercise, cultural heritage, and social cohesion. Although its health value is widely recognized in folk practices, there is a lack of systematic and theoretical mechanism analysis in academia. This study aims to reveal the promotion mechanism of lion dance sport on individual physical and mental health and social adaptation through multi-dimensional analysis, and to propose its practical path in modern health governance. The literature method was used to systematically sort out the relevant literature during the period of 2006-2025 and establish a theoretical analysis framework. The expert …

A268: China Golf Research: A Citespace Knowledge Mapping Analysis Of Current Trends, Shuyan Zhang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

The year 2024 marks the 40th anniversary of golf’s development in China, presenting a critical juncture for systematically reviewing the sport’s progress. To commemorate this milestone, the China Golf Association (CGA) launched the ‘40 Years of Golf in China’ initiative, which primarily solicits literary and audiovisual works for promotional purposes. However, this campaign notably lacks a comprehensive synthesis of existing academic research on the subject. To address this gap, this study employs CiteSpace-based knowledge mapping to analyze the current state and emerging trends in scholarly research on golf in China. Method: This study utilized CSSCI-indexed journal articles from the CNKI …

A002: A Study On The Development Of Beijing Winter Olympics Sport Participation Legacy In The Post-Games Era, Pengfei Shi, Alan Bairner

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Currently, many countries are experiencing a continuing decline in national sport participation, and national health problems are becoming increasingly serious. According to the ‘trickle-down’ effect, holding sports events can promote sports participation. The Beijing Winter Olympics have achieved the goal of driving 300 million people to participate in sports. However, after the past two years, the still 300 million people still participating in sports is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the sustainable development of the Beijing Winter Olympics sport participation legacy to examine the impact of sport events on sport participation. Method: A 15-minute semi-structured interview was conducted with staff members …

A003: The Relationship Between Personal Values And Leisure-Time Exercise: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study, Guozhuang Chen, Chun Xie, Jiamei Liang, Kun Wang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Although the benefits of exercise have been firmly established, numerous young people continue to engage in low levels of exercise. In studies of exercise behavior facilitators, exercise motivation has been mostly applied to eliciting an individual's exercise behavior. However, motivation is influenced by various factors and is unlikely to remain stable over time. Consequently, to ensure the sustained participation in exercise of young people, it’s significant to find more stable facilitators of exercise behaviors. This study, grounded in the "self-determined theory" and Schwartz’s personal values model, begins by focusing on a more stable behavioral determinant, personality—personal values—to provide a deeper …

A018: Impact Of Unanticipated And Backhand Area Smash Landing On Female Badminton Players’ Lower Limb Biomechanics, Zhanyang He, Binyong Ye, Bin Zhang, Houwei Zhu

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In badminton, lower limb injuries frequently occur during unanticipated smash landing movements. Additionally, the risk of lower limb injuries may vary depending on different landing strategies. This study aims to investigate the impact of unanticipated factors and two types of smash actions in the backhand area on lower limb biomechanics. Method: A motion capture system (Motion Analysis Raptor-4, USA) and Kistler force plates (model 9287B, 90 cm × 60 cm × 10 cm, Kistler Instruments AGCorp., Switzerland) were used to collect biomechanic data of 13 female athletes during backhand rear-court jump smash (BRJS) and backhand lateral jump smash (BLJS) in …

A022: University Students' Physical Activity Motivation And Gender-Related Factors, Yanzhao Sun

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Physical activity is essential for young adults, offering physical, psychological, aesthetic, and social benefits, such as reduced chronic disease risks, improved mental health, and overall wellbeing. Despite WHO recommendations (60 minutes daily for adolescents, 150 minutes weekly for adults), many college students fall short due to low intrinsic motivation, body image concerns, social anxiety, and lack of enjoyment. This study examines college students' motivations for physical activity and their relationships with gender, activity levels, and satisfaction. It also explores how motivation mediates the influence of gender on activity levels and satisfaction. Method: Exploratory analyses and bivariate analyses (Pearson’s correlations and …

A027: Research On The Mechanism And Preventive Measures Of Hamstring Muscle Injury In Football Players, Xisheng Wang, He Zheng

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Hamstring strain (HSI) is the most common non-contact injury in professional men's football. Understanding the mechanism of hamstring injury in football players and taking effective preventive measures to reduce the probability of hamstring injury and protect their physical health is crucial. This article summarizes the injury mechanism of the hamstring muscle in football, discusses its risk factors, and summarizes preventive measures for hamstring muscle injuries, providing reference and guidance for future research on hamstring muscle injury prevention. Method: databases CNKI and Web of Science using keywords such as hamstring, football, and sports injuries. Summarize relevant literature to understand its research …

A032: The Development Status, Challenges, And Pathways Of The Yancheng Sports School In Jiangsu Province, Wenlong Ma, Keqiang Li, Rongzhi Li

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

As the foundation of China’s youth amateur training system, sports schools have become a cradle for cultivating outstanding sports talents for provincial and national sports teams. Their role and contribution to talent development are of great significance. Yancheng City in Jiangsu Province is home to 10 sports schools, which have produced 400 outstanding reserve sports talents for both Jiangsu and the country since their establishment. These schools rank at a mid-level in terms of development within Jiangsu Province and hold certain representational value for case studies of sports schools across China. Findings: This study, based on the integration of sports …