Digital Commons Network^™

Intrusion Detection In Cloud Computing Using Support Vector Machine And Fast Firefly Algorithm, Ayobami Taiwo Olusesi, Ignatius Kema Okakwu, Ayodeji Akinsoji Okubanjo, Ayo Isaac Oyedeji, Oluwaseyi Olawale Bello

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

Cloud computing has become popular due to the ongoing developments in the Internet and technical advancements. Users are increasingly storing their Web resources and data in the cloud environment due to the convenience and reduced cost of cloud computing services. Data security is crucial to the development of communication systems in cloud computing. Since data in cloud storage environments needs to be protected from intruders, network security in cloud environment has grown significantly in importance in recent years. In order to address these challenges, there is a need for an intrusion detection system (IDS) that can effectively identify malicious attack …

Exploring The English Language Learning Strategies Preferred And Used By Jazan University Female Students, Abdul Rahman Ali Al Towity

UB Journal for Humanities

This study aimed to investigate the language learning strategies employed by Saudi university students and examine the differences in strategy use based on academic year level, motivation, and proficiency. The study was conducted at the University College of Aldayer, a female college at Jazan University, and included a sample of 125 students majoring in English. Data were collected using Oxford’s (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). The findings revealed that participants frequently used language learning strategies overall. No significant differences were found in relation to academic year level, however, sophomore and junior students tended to use language learning strategies …

Self-Narration From The Spoken To The Written: A Journey Between Two Centuries – Mohammed Al-Khudair As A Model, Dr. Kholoud Bint Muhammad Al-Asmari

UB Journal for Humanities

This study seeks to trace the stages of transformation from the spoken to the written form in Muhammad Al-Khudair’s autobiographical work A Journey Between Two Centuries. The work originated as an oral narrative, first shared within the setting of a council, before evolving into a written text. This shift reflects a transition from a culture rooted in spontaneity and oral performance to one grounded in documentation, recording, and writing. Consequently, the autobiographical structure of the text merges the realism of the spoken word—with its personal, subjective dimensions and oral features—with the artistic and aesthetic qualities of written expression, along with …

Sanitizing Dynamic Strings From System Logs To Enable Comparison Between Nominal And Failing Runs, David Murphy, Noah Kersey, Angelica Rosenzweig Castillo

Defensive Publications Series

The technology involves debugging and testing of changes to operating systems. Aspects of the technology include replacing every dynamic string in a log with a placeholder value, and deterministically assigning the same tags or placeholders across consecutive runs. Lines can be diff'ed to determine their novelty in the triage process. The display of log pairs may be streamlined to hide all lines except the unique lines, which is beneficial in triaging build failures.

System For Managing Ai-Generated Interactive Modules With A Sandboxed Container, Nathan Grabaskas, Fredrik Ihre, Michael Bausor, Megan Pusey, Levi Zombori, Liam Roche

Defensive Publications Series

Digital platforms designed for static content may face challenges integrating dynamic, AI-generated interactive micro-applications in a secure manner. This disclosure describes a system for managing these modules using an interactive module container (IMC). The IMC can function as a sandboxed architectural layer that encapsulates a module's code, data, and state. The IMC may mediate interactions with backend services and a host environment through an abstracted application programming interface. The system may also feature a partitioned data architecture to manage private user data and creator-controlled data with granular permissions. This approach can provide a framework to facilitate the creation, distribution, and …

Integration Of Direct Liquid Cooling With Heterogeneous Packages, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

Integration of Direct Liquid Cooling with Heterogeneous Packages

Abstract

The disclosure describes a hybrid cooling architecture designed for heterogeneous die packages. In the disclosed systems, high-power dies amenable to direct cooling can be liquid-cooled, while other, relatively low-power dies, can be cooled indirectly. As described herein, a novel cold plate architecture can be used to manage flow routing between direct and indirect cooling zones. In addition, in some embodiments, a sealant can be used around the periphery of the dies that receive DLC.

Navigational Path Reversion Analysis From A Prior Divergence Point, Ashutosh Srivastava

Defensive Publications Series

Vehicle navigation systems may calculate prospective routes from a user's current location but may not evaluate the potential benefit of turning around to a prior divergence point. A system can address this by storing data for an unchosen alternative path and its associated divergence point from a selected route. The system can monitor real-time conditions, such as traffic congestion, for both the active route and the stored alternative path. If a trigger condition is met, for example, a significant delay on the active route, a reversion calculation can be performed. This computation can determine an estimated time to backtrack to …

A Multi-Agent Framework For Dynamic Geospatial Acoustic Characterization, Lenord Melvix

Defensive Publications Series

Characterizing the acoustic environment of a geospatial region may be challenging due to limitations in some existing data sources, which can be outdated, geographically broad, subjective, or anecdotal. This document describes a multi-agent computational framework for dynamic geospatial acoustic characterization. The system can utilize a collection of specialized software agents to ingest, process, and synthesize data from multiple heterogeneous sources, such as street-level and aerial audio recordings, user-generated content, and official data feeds. For example, agents can perform tasks such as data sourcing, denoising, source-specific characterization (e.g., vehicular, industrial, human), and temporal synthesis. This framework can be used to produce …

System For Generating Themed Content Using A Generator-Evaluator Framework, Roy Katz

Defensive Publications Series

Manual creation of themed navigational content for user engagement campaigns can be a slow, resource-intensive, and unscalable process, while general-purpose generative models may lack domain-specific safety guidelines and struggle with thematic consistency. A disclosed system can address these challenges through a dual-model, generator-evaluator framework. A primary generative model can create multiple thematic text candidates for a given instruction. A separate, secondary evaluator model may then assess these candidates using a hybrid evaluation process that combines model-based semantic analysis for attributes, such as safety and logical contradiction, with function-based checks for criteria like length and semantic similarity. The system can iteratively …

Estimating Geospatial Entrances Via Multi-Agent 3d Contextual Alignment, Lenord Melvix

Defensive Publications Series

To address imprecisely placed entrance markers for geospatial entities in digital maps, for instance, for new or low-traffic locations with sparse data, a multi-agent computational system can be utilized. The system can process various data sources, including user-supplied media such as photos and videos, to generate a three-dimensional (3D) model of an entity's structure and identify potential entrances. Concurrently, the system may construct a 3D contextual model of the surrounding region using data such as building footprints and road networks. An iterative alignment process can position the entity's 3D model within the regional model based on a set of logical …

Ai-Powered Framework For Test Redundancy Detection And Optimization In Software Projects, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure presents an AI-powered solution that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) and machine learning techniques to identify, analyze, and consolidate redundant test cases. In enterprise projects that are maintained for long period of time, test repositories accumulate significant duplication and redundancy, due to requirement changes in the project, which create significant operational challenges. The approach streamlines test repositories, optimizes tests, and reduces execution overhead. This methodology demonstrates improvements in long-running system tests where traditional manual optimization approaches become impractical due to scale and complexity.

System For Autonomous Generation And Methodologically Guided Optimization Of Language Model Prompts, Hui Wu, Yulou Zhou, Simon Zhao

Defensive Publications Series

The efficacy of large language models may be dependent on prompt quality, and manual prompt engineering can be an inefficient, trial-and-error process. Some existing automated optimization approaches may utilize a pre-existing seed prompt and could lack methodological guidance, potentially limiting their effectiveness. A system is described for the automated optimization of instructional prompts that can employ a closed-loop algorithmic pipeline to iteratively generate, evaluate, and refine candidate prompts. The process can be initiated, for example, without a human-provided seed prompt, instead originating initial candidates from reference data and a structured methodological framework, such as a chain-of-thought workflow. This automated and …

Automated Analysis Of User Logs Using Large Language Models In An Agentic Workflow, Sha Li, Chenjie Yu

Defensive Publications Series

Analysis of user interaction logs can be challenging because manual review may not be scalable and aggregated data analysis can obscure the chronological context of user behavior. Systems and methods for automated analysis can use a structured agentic workflow. This workflow can programmatically extract raw, time-ordered session logs and can utilize a large language model, guided by a prompt engineering subsystem, to perform analytical tasks such as classification, summarization, and reasoning on the sequential data. This approach can facilitate scalable and standardized analysis of user behavior by preserving the temporal detail of individual sessions, which may enable AI agent for …

Legislative Development Of Industrial Designs And Models In Morocco, Mohamed Al Masloumi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The article is focused on the Moroccan legislation relating to industrial designs. It is based on a chronological approach of the history of this legislation. The article emphasizes the gap between the evolution of the Moroccan regulations and the standards adopted in international law, and highlights the main reforms aimed at strengthening legal protection in this field.

The Pledge Of Industrial Property Rights, Meriem Benis

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Intellectual property can be an important source of loans thanks to its economic value and to the opportunity to contract a surety on its base. In Moroccan law, the constitution of the pledge of industrial property rights is governed mainly by the general theory of obligations and contracts Law, dated in 12th August 1913. The purpose of this study is to measure the suitability of industrial properties for surety purposes. It also makes light on the legal principles of the pledge of industrial property rights.

Legislative Development Of Patent Law In Morocco, Mohamed Mahboubi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Innovation is a key factor for economic development. However, economic actors wouldn’t invest in innovation without legal protection which is one of the most important conditions of this strategic choice. This article examines the legislative development of patent protection in Morocco, highlighting the main reforms and the progressive strengthening of legal safeguards in line with international standards.

Moroccan Trademark Law, Nadia Azddou

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The origin of the trademarks protection goes back to the antiquity. But the proclamation of the system of freedom of trade and industry and with the advent of mechanization and the considerable development of the industry of the nineteenth century, the trademarks protection appeared in its modern sense. This movement initiated an international dynamic of harmonization and conventions, and Morocco adhered to most of these treaties. The aim of this study is to review the legislative evolution of trademark protection in Morocco and to highlight the main contributions of Moroccan law, as well as its remaining shortcomings and possible corrective …

Moroccan Law On Geographical Indications (Gi) And Appellations Of Origin (Ao), Mohamed Jaouhar

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

If there is no doubt nowadays on the importance of Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin and on their positive impact on economic development because of the value they bring to products especially to Moroccan products, this has not always been the case before, under the Moroccan law. These distinctive signs indicate not only the geographical origin of a product, but also one or more particular features that the region concerned contributes to confer on them. Moroccan law has undergone an important evolution on this issue, with a tendency towards an enhancement of the protection of the Geographical Indications (GI) …

Editorial, Mohamed Jaouhar

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Intellectual property is primarily characterized as an intangible form of property, as it relates to the human intellect and to ideas resulting from creative activity. It is recognized as a natural right and enjoys strong international protection, notably under Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In Morocco, this protection is also constitutionally guaranteed. The paper traces the historical development of industrial property law in Morocco, from the 1916 Dahir to Law 17-97 and its subsequent amendments, highlighting the influence of international agreements and the progressive alignment with international standards.

Evaluating The Dispensing Of Non-Prescription Antibiotics In Baghdad's Community Pharmacies: A Public Health Concern., Ali Azeez Ali Al-Jumaili, Yusr Burhan Ahmed, Hasan Ali Hasan Shubbar, Mina Mohammed Jabbar

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Despite existing regulatory restrictions from the Iraqi Ministry of Health and global guidance from the World Health Organization, the practice of dispensing antibiotics without prescriptions remains prevalent.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of non-prescription antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacies across Iraq and to evaluate pharmacy personnel’s perceptions and practices concerning antimicrobial use.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and February 2025, targeting 63 pharmacists working in independent pharmacies across Baghdad and other Iraqi governorates. Data were obtained through a predefined questionnaire administered both in person and online. Descriptive statistics summarized participant demographics and responses, …

The Implications Of Integrating Naturalised Refugees On National Security In Tanzania: Insights From Katumba Old Settlement, Adventina Lauren

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The threats of flight-related factors of the integrated refugees on Tanzania’s national security have not been given serious attention. The article examined the effect of the 162,156 integrated refugee who fled their country of origin due to ethnic, economic, political, and religious conflicts. The study adopted a case study design mixing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The data were collected through; a survey, in-depth interviews, direct observation, focus group discussion, and document review. It drew data from a sample of 397 involving both naturalised refugees (IRs) and native Tanzanians (NTs) who have been living in the study area and 31 …

Teachers’ Perceptions Towards Disruptive Behaviours Among Students In Public Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Jonas Kinanda

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Disruptive behaviours among secondary school students adversely affect students, teachers, parents and community members. This study explores teachers’ perceptions towards disruptive behaviours among students in public secondary schools in Tanzania. This qualitative study involved 50 teachers selected from four public secondary schools from two councils, namely Mwanza City and Ukerewe District, both found in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Data collection was done through interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews. The analysis was thematic and MAXQDA. The findings showed that teachers perceived students’ disruptive behaviours as problematic to the teachers, peers, school administrators, parents, and the community at large. This is …

Capitalist Social Relations And The Environment: A Hyena—Baby Gazelle Acquaintance, Nelson Mwesiga Ishengoma

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Despite playing a critical role in the survival of living beings, several empirical findings all around the world suggest that the planet Earth is now in a perilous state. Whilst acknowledging the influence of several superficial humanistic factors upon which the conventional discourses on the current environmental concerns have long been affixed, this analytical paper contends that such aspects are deficient in comprehending and remedying the problem. Contrarily, attempts to identify the underlying causes and cures of the environmental problem should recognise the modus vivendi of the prevailing capitalistic social relations, which serve as the basis for existing exploitative and …

Nssf Social Health Insurance Benefit (Shib) And Health Care Services: Accessibility And Availability In Tanzania, Leah Natujwa Omari

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

This study is about “Social Health Insurance and accessibility of health care services through National Social Security Fund (NSSF) Health Insurance service in Kinondoni Municipality. The focus of this study was on the ease of accessing health services using the NSSF health insurance, and the beneficiaries’ awareness level since people knew about NHIF and ICHF only. The objective of the study is to examine the accessibility of Social Health Insurance Benefits on health care service to people at Kinondoni Municipality. The study used a qualitative research approach to gather and analyze data from informants. In-depth interview was used to capture …

Pre-Retirement Training Programme: Is It A Panacea For Essential Life Skills To Prospective Retirees?, Geofrey Obed Siao, Boniphace Shimba Francis

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The paper assessed the effectiveness of pre-retirement training programme in imparting essential life skills to prospective retirees at TANROADS in Dar es Salaam -Tanzania. Guided by the Human Capital Theory, the article specifically examined the kind of life skills covered in the pre-retirement programme at TANROADS and the extent to which pre-retirement training programme at TANROADS enhanced essential life skills to prospective retirees. A descriptive research design using a qualitative approach was used to collect primary data by interviewing 30 TANROAD officers who participated in pre-retirement training, and a focus group discussion was held to prospective retires in order to …

Land Use Cover Changes And Household Livelihoods Adaptation Strategies In Mbulu And Karatu Districts, Tanzania, Leonia John Raphael

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The interactions between the human and the biophysical factors at different spatial scales have triggered Land Use Cover Changes (LUCC). The study uses both qualitative (indepth interviews and focus group discussions) and quantitative techniques (household survey and spatial data analysis through the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to acquire information and data for the study. The results have shown that overall LUCC is decelerating in both districts, Mbulu and Karatu across the two-time intervals. In the period between 1987and 2001, cultivation, settlements, wetland, grasslands and bare soils gained at the expense of forest, woodland, bush-land, and water. However, in …

Ukijianika Utaanuliwa’1: Urban Refugees’ Self-Identity Formation And Interpersonal Communication During Dar Es Salaam Acculturation, Judith Judith

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The research being reported here examined the self-identity formation and communication in the acculturation of urban-based refugees in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Because this refugees’ relationships with the host community are based on their principle of “Ukijianika Utaanuliwa” (If you show yourself, you will be exposed), urban refugees strive to hide their identities during the acculturation process. As they strive to survive in harsh living conditions outside the camps, individuals must work through their identities and develop positive interpersonal contact skills with the host to gain acceptance. Interviews with forty Congolese and Burundian refugees were conducted using targeted group discussions. …

From De-Emphasizing Public Health And Social Measures For Covid-19 To Vaccine Acceptance: An Analysis Of Two Tanzanian Administration’S Responses To Covid-19, Simon Mutebi

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Recent global public health literature on politics and pandemics has explored the diversity of African political leaders’ responses to COVID-19. In this article, analysis is done of two Tanzanian administrations’ responses to COVID-19 to show how they departed from each other. For instance, the late President John Magufuli’s administration promoted ‘Afrocentric’ medical knowledge, endogenous initiatives, and spiritual prowess while de-emphasizing ‘Western’ biomedical and public health measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. His successor, President Samia Suluhu Hassan’s administration, however, favoured and promoted public health and social interventions and authorized the importation and use of COVID-19 vaccines in Tanzania. Drawing …

Towards Decolonization Of Evaluation Practices: A Critical Reflection Of Participatory Evaluation Methodologies In Less Developed Countries, Zabron Kengera

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

For many years evaluation practices in less developed countries have been dominated by scientific, top down, quantitative approaches and methodologies. As the result, many evaluation practices in less developed countries have been largely characterized by skewed power relations with poor adoption and utilization of evaluation findings. Several researchers, writers and development professionals agree that participatory evaluation was adopted in Africa and elsewhere in the world as a strategy to address several weaknesses observed in the conventional evaluation practices. Such practices include too much focus on projects and donor funding, lack of inclusion, poor consideration of local variations, lack of transparency, …

Role Of Social Workers In Identifying Challenges And Developing Skills In Children With Learning Disabilities, Trichal Mamta

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Social work values, ethics, and abilities are crucial for ensuring tailored care and support practice and advocacy based on human rights. For Children with learning disabilities, it is beneficial. The paper focuses on social work skills useful in helping kids with learning disabilities. It describes the main disagreements in the area, such as those over policy and practice. Additionally, it is asserted that social workers are well equipped to do research and engage in clinical treatment that advances social justice and full and meaningful involvement in society. The study's objective is to identify social workers varied supporting and rehabilitative roles …