Digital Commons Network^™

An Examination Of Alternative Break Trips And Whiteness In Jesuit Higher Education, Susan Haarman, Annie Selak

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

Alternative break trips punctuate life on Jesuit college campuses, acting as experiences of conversion and putting faith into action. The Universal Apostolic Preferences of “walking with the excluded” and “accompanying the youth” come together in the practice of alternative break programs. However, these trips often operate through the position of whiteness. In this paper, we examine alternative service trips through the lens of whiteness. Too often, predominately white groups insert themselves into non-white contexts and assert themselves as owners of the space. Practices of white university students instrumentalizing experiences of service as agents in their own conversion displace the agency …

Discernment As An Apostolic Preference: Ignatius, Patanjali, And The Fostering Of Interior Freedom, Mark Graceffo

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

For the next ten years, the Society of Jesus will immerse themselves in what they have identified as their Universal Apostolic Preferences. In this paper, I will focus on the first of these preferences, “Promoting Discernment and the Spiritual Exercises.” I propose that Saint Ignatius’ teaching on discernment intersects with and can be complemented by teachings on the same subject (viveka) by Sri Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras. Both of these masterful works offer a practical and experiential path to liberating ourselves from the obstacles that impede us from knowing our True Selves as beings who dwell in …

Educating For A Hope-Filled Future, Christo V. Fosse, Kathleen R. Smythe

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

This paper illustrates one student’s experience finding ways to pursue sustainability in a course on political narrative. The student created his own narrative for political and social change based on issues he was already deeply invested in. Tai Chi, practiced at the start of each class, facilitated this narrative creation.

A Long, Loving Look At The Real: An Experiential Ignatian Approach To Immersion, Joseph P. Connelly

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

International travel is a popular and widespread practice among higher education institutions, but the pedagogy and approach to these programs varies widely. The Center for Global Education and Experience at Augsburg University facilitates international immersion programs for U.S. students, faculty, and staff focused on social justice and solidarity; this approach is particularly attractive to Jesuit institutions and has led to fruitful collaborations. This article offers an experienced immersion facilitator’s personal reflections on designing and implementing immersion programs and applies key themes of Ignatian spirituality and pedagogy to the experience of international immersion travel.

Reciprocal Relationships: Ajcu Presidents & Rectors, Jeffrey Labelle S.J., Daniel Kendall S.J.

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

This study reviews literature pertinent to the changing landscape of leadership at member institutions of higher education in the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities (AJCU) with a view toward revisioning the relationship between presidents and Jesuit superiors. The purpose of this article encourages efforts to foster Jesuit mission and identity during a shift toward increased lay leadership. The research cites related insights from previous studies and mandates from documents of the Society of Jesus that together point to the need for reimagining leadership. The study underscores the importance of fostering relationships of mutuality and reciprocity to ensure the sustaining …

Students’ Perceptions Of Online Learning To Inform Jesuit Education, Arthur Ko Phd, Mitzi M. Saunders Phd, Nadia Saadat Phd, Elizabeth L. Royal, Jennifer L. Dean Phd, Rick Acevedo Edd

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

A small group of faculty, staff, and administrators, known as the Online Learning Community (OLC) were collectively interested in enriching online learning at a Jesuit university. With a culture at this Jesuit and Mercy university driven by face-to-face (F2F) learning, the first step was to assess students’ perceptions of online learning from students who have taken online courses at the university. The survey, guided by best instructor practices in online learning and Jesuit philosophy, traditions, and concepts, was designed to explore students’ perceptions, experiences, and practices in online learning. Students (N=484) self-enrolled in the study and included students from all …

Encountering Grace: A Theological Framework For Faculty And Staff Immersion Programs, John T. Sebastian Ph.D.

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

Many international and domestic immersion programs for faculty and staff at Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States have in common the goal of promoting participants’ solidarity with poor and marginalized populations. These programs often understand solidarity as a pedagogical instrument: direct contact with human suffering provokes a desire to think and act differently in order to redress various forms of social inequity. This essay proposes that immersions can and should also be opportunities for engaging faculty and staff at Jesuit institutions of higher education in conversations about, and even experiences of, social grace. The paper offers an overview …

Preferences, Practices, And Virtues: An Ethical Reflection On The Universal Apostolic Preferences, David E. Decosse

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

The Society of Jesus has promulgated the Universal Apostolic Preferences (UAPs) for the decade 2019-29. We know what the UAPs are: to seek God, walk with the poor, accompany youth, and collaborate in the care of the earth. And we know what they are for: the ongoing conversion of persons and institutions in their commitment to the mission of reconciliation of justice. But what, exactly, is a “preference” anyhow? In this reflection, I draw on the moral tradition of virtue ethics to argue that the preferences are best understood as “practices” or, in other words, as the fundamental actions by …

A New Chapter For The Mission Priority Examen, Stephanie Russell

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

No abstract provided.

Solidarity And Global Citizenship: A Photo Essay, Katherine Brown, Elizabeth C. Reilly

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

In May of 2019, faculty and staff members at Loyola Marymount University traveled to Costa Rica for a weeklong immersion program. Prior to departure, facilitators encouraged Fellows to take photographs throughout their travels in Costa Rica. Participants were also invited to reflect on the photographs’ relationship to solidarity and global citizenship. Upon return to Los Angeles, the editors of this collection provided all Fellows with a prompt and invitation to address our theme by submitting a photo from the trip and brief reflection: “How does this photo express your understanding (or some aspect) of solidarity and global citizenship?” Presented in …

In Students We Trust: The Solidarity Generation, Timothy Law Snyder Ph.D.

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

As the most diverse group in America’s history, the post-Millennial generation—often labeled “Gen Z,” but what I refer to as the Solidarity Generation—is emboldened by its profound care for one another, proclivity for purpose, and its interconnectivity and access to information. Generational theory provides a cyclical perspective wherein we can gain insights about societal shifts and patterns, while also illuminating how our current generation of students are at the forefront of a revolution. Here we explore trends of this emerging generation, focusing on the social justice activism of our students and young people across the globe. The Solidarity Generation’s …

Editorial, Kari Kloos

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

No abstract provided.

Forage Quality Evaluation Of Chopped Elephantgrass Hay Through Intake And Digestibility Trial, E. M. De Aguiar, G. F. Da C. Lima, L. G. Da Paz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The research was carried out to evaluate forage quality of chopped elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) hay and to define a proper stage for cutting and haymaking of this grass. Chemical composition, voluntary intake, and apparent digestibility of the hays were studied at five different growth stages (30, 48, 63, 76, and 91 days). Twenty-five common wethers were utilized in a completely randomized experimental design. Dry matter (DM) voluntary intake was not different (P> 0.05) from 30 to 63 days of regrowth and from 63 to 91 days and comprised 3.9; 3.5; 3.2; 2.1; and 2.4% of animal liveweight, respectively …

Decolonizing Shipwrecks Through Considerations Of Indigeneity In Underwater Cultural Property Decisions, Chelle Haynes

Florida Journal of International Law

Under current international law, indigenous rights are not considered in ascertaining ownership of underwater cultural property. Indigenous people in Latin America and South America have faced long histories of colonialism, wherein their resources, property, and heritage were appropriated and taken by imperial powers. In this Article, I present the historical context of both the San Jose and Mercedes shipwrecks—Spanish colonial ships that were sunk in battle. I explore the history and legal decisions in both cases, while also considering how indigenous rights can be introduced into the current legal framework. Current international law concerning underwater cultural resources is primarily comprised …

International Law And Limits On The Sovereignty Of African States, John Mukum Mbaku

Florida Journal of International Law

Since the end of the Cold War, there has been an acceleration in globalization, a process that has resulted in significant increases in interaction between peoples and nations. As a consequence, it has become increasingly difficult for national governments to have full control over what happens within their territorial boundaries. In fact, globalization has made it quite difficult for national governments to exercise full control over their domestic economies and political processes. An important consequence of globalization is the internationalization of constitutional law. This process has resulted in the virtual disappearance from almost all countries of the concept of complete …

Derogation In Time Of Emergency: An Analysis Of Counter-Terrorism Measures In France And Their Impact On Human Rights, Deena Mohammad El-Rashed

Florida Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Flight Of The Condors: The Impact Of Vulture Investors On Argentina's Sovereign Debt Default, Andrew Kelly

Florida Journal of International Law

This Article will examine the impact of international vulture investors, also referred to as "holdout" investors in certain contexts, on the restructuring of Argentinian sovereign debt in the wake of the countries 2001 default. With the gift of hindsight, this Article will discuss if measures could have been taken at the time of debt issuance in order to better cope with vulture investors should a default situation occur. This Article will then analyze the restructuring approach taken by Argentina, focusing on the failure of the Argentinian government to follow established best practices for a default situation. Finally, this Article will …

Arbitration And Choice Of Law In Sub-Saharan Africa, Peter N. Levenberg

Florida Journal of International Law

This Article examines the advantages and disadvantages of arbitrating African-based disputes in South Africa and choosing South African as the governing law. Part I contains a brief synopsis of the South African legal system and its judiciary and an overview of some of the comparative legal systems of selected sub-Saharan African countries. It also analyzes South Africa’s choice-of-law rules, its rules relating to the computation of damages, and its aversion to punitive damages. Part II analyzes the South African law of arbitration and the very limited circumstances in which South African Courts will interfere with the decisions of an arbitrator.

The Holy See's Diplomacy: An Analysis Of Papal Mediation In The Middle East, Amanda Mcfarlane

Florida Journal of International Law

This Article will begin with an introduction of the literature on international mediation to provide an overview of the characteristics unique to international disputes and to illustrate the attributes of the parties that make international mediation a distinct paradigm of dispute resolution. The second Part will then complicate the international mediation literature by introducing the international relations theory with respect to conflict resolution. The theory provides a predictive framework of different mediation approaches and sources of legitimacy for non-state actors. The second Part will also apply the theory with respect to the Holy See to illustrate its international legal personality …

Half Monk, Half Hitman: Applying Just War Theory To Private Military And Security Companies In The Context Of Humanitarian Intervention, Robert J. Peters

Florida Journal of International Law

In Part II, this Article will discuss potential benefits of private military companies. Part III will address and acknowledge criticisms of PMSCs. Part IV provides a brief legal context, and Part V will discuss the just war theory criteria relevant to PMSCs in the context of humanitarian intervention. This section will examine why PMSC humanitarian intervention may be permissible in certain circumstances. The PMSC Executive Outcomes will serve as a dual case study; on the one hand, it would have been authorized by just war theory to contract with the United Nations to intervene in Rwanda. However, Executive Outcomes also …

Human Rights, Gay Rights, Or Both? International Human Rights Law And Same-Sex Marriage, Jessica Brown

Florida Journal of International Law

In this Article, I examine the international legal basis for marriage equality as a human right.

After a brief introductory discussion of international human rights in theory and in U.S. foreign policy, I go on to discuss the background to the promotion positive LGBT rights, the significance of marriage as a legal and cultural institution, and key reasons LGBT persons seek the benefits of marriage. I go on to examine same-sex marriage within international legal frameworks—the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and emerging Customary International Law (CIL). Finally, I argue that the United States and other countries …

International Law: Defining The Alien Tort Statute, Neeta Romot

Florida Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

The "Comfort Women" Reparation Movement: Between Universal Women's Human Right And Particular Anti-Colonial Nationalism, Ethan Hee-Seok Shin

Florida Journal of International Law

In this Article, I seek to place the “comfort women” reparation movement in East Asia’s broader colonial and post-colonial legal history. This Article will follow a largely chronological order with discussion of relevant legal points. Part II narrates the history of political and legal developments since the Imperial Japan period that set the stage for the “comfort women” reparation movement from the 1990s. In Part III, I will discuss the main legal issues concerning the Japanese reparation. Parts IV and V will explore and analyze the redress efforts at the U.N. human-rights bodies in the 1990s and the South Korean …

Foundations Of Specific Performance In Investor-State Dispute Settlements: Is It Possible And Desirable?, Farshad Rahimi Dizgovin

Florida Journal of International Law

The Article will mainly deal with the principle of pacta sunt servanda and doctrines of “change of remedy” and “accumulation of remedies” to support the theoretical foundations of specific performance and its inevitability and desirability in Investor-State Dispute Settlements (ISDS).

However, this Article does not submit that specific performance should be available in all circumstances. There are, of course, situations where granting specific performance is not possible, efficient, or desirable. For instance, “restitution will be materially impossible in situations such as where the subject-matter of the dispute has been destroyed, has irremediably deteriorated (for example when a confiscated ship has …

Revisiting The Notion Of Full Protection And Security Of Foreign Direct Investments In Post-Gadhafi Libya: Two Governments, Tribal Violence, Militias, And Plenty More, Nasser Alreshaid

Florida Journal of International Law

This Article touches on crucial element of the very survival of foreign investments in today’s Libya, precisely oil concessions, which is the full protection and security of these “investments.” With that being said, there have been other situations where the investors in investor-state relationships have engaged in activities within hostile environments. Nonetheless, the current situation in Libya poses somewhat different challenges.

Post-Gadhafi Libya has become fragmented and is ruled by multiple militias, despite the fact that it has been touted as a two-government state, as shall be explained later on. Widespread and intensified violence has also been the theme in …

International Law: Honoring The Letter And Sprit Of International Treaties, Andres R. Cordova

Florida Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Human Sex Trafficking: An International Problem With An International Solution Requiring National Implementation, Melanie Franco

Florida Journal of International Law

Part I begins with an introduction to human sex trafficking, defining the problem and shining light on some statistics. Part II identifies and analyzes the elements of sex trafficking. Part III examines the international and domestic legislation in place and the differences in how each treats the criminalization of victims. Part IV analyzes the methods to monitor national efforts against human trafficking. Part V proposes the solution of allowing international law to be implemented and enforced nationally in order to effectively fight human trafficking.

Looking Beyond R2p For An Answer To Inaction In The Security Council, Chelsea Koester

Florida Journal of International Law

This note identifies the veto power as the root of the ineffectiveness of the Security Council and examines ways in which this power is used to thwart international action both within and beyond the Security Council. It will then examine a fairly recent response to this inaction, the development of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine, which argues that states have a responsibility to take action in the face of international crises, and evaluate how well poised this doctrine is to respond to this problem.

Criminalizing Land-Grabbing: Arguing For Icc Involvement In The Cambodian Land Concession Crisis, Jessica Embree

Florida Journal of International Law

This Article will argue for International Criminal Court (ICC) involvement in investigating and prosecuting the parties responsible for the land-grabbing crisis in Cambodia. Part II will trace the historical roots and identify the driving forces of land-grabbing. Part III will examine the land ownership rights given by the Cambodian government to individuals and to indigenous communities within Cambodia, the legal framework and procedures surrounding Cambodian land concession deals, and methods of redress for Cambodian land right disputes. Part IV will discuss in part the ICC and how the land concession crisis in Cambodia qualifies as a crime against humanity, but …

Justiciability Of All Human Rights: Scottish Independence As Redress For British Human Rights Abuses, Ann M. Piccard

Florida Journal of International Law

On September 18, 2014, an overwhelming number of Scottish residents turned out to vote on one simple question: Should Scotland be an independent country? The deceptively simple yes or no question on the ballot could not begin to reflect the complex underlying issues. If the Independence Referendum had been approved—meaning a “yes” vote, the goal of Independence proponents and of the Scottish National Party (SNP)—every facet of life for the Nation and its citizens could have been affected. The presence of nuclear weapons; membership in the European Union; the very nature and name of the currency used in every transaction …