Digital Commons Network^™

Investigating The Antibiofilm Properties Of Saltwater Isolates Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus And Clinical Staphylococcal Strains, Monica Murphy

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Background

Resistance to antibiotics make Staphylococcus aureus infections notoriously hard to treat. The emergence of antibiotic resistant strains such as MRSA, and the ability to form robust biofilms provide protection against antibiotics and host immune responses. Significantly, more than 80 % of bacterial infections are biofilm mediated. The goal of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of isolates from marine environments against MRSA and four clinical S. aureus strains in terms of biofilm inhibition and eradication.

Method

A large bank of salt water bacterial isolates was cultured in glucose-supplemented trypticase soy broth (TSBg) and resulting colonies were screened …

Short Chain Fatty Acid Combination Treatment Protects Against 6-Ohda Induced Decrease In Neurite Growth In An In Vitro Model Of Parkinson’S Disease., Alex Morris

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Title: Short chain fatty acid combination treatment protects against 6-OHDA induced decrease in neurite growth in an in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease.

Authors: Alex Morris¹, Louise M. Collins^1,2,3, Gerard W. O’Keeffe², Caitriona M. Guinane¹

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Cork, Ireland.

² Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

³ Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration. This leads to motor dysfunction which is accompanied by gastrointestinal comorbidities such as constipation …

Growth Of Foodborne Pathogens Listeria And Salmonella And Spore-Forming Paenibacillus In Commercial Plant-Based Milk Alternatives, Klaudia Bartula

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

An increase in vegan diet preference, lactose intolerance, calorie concern and environmental awareness has led to a rise in the popularity of plant-based alternatives to bovine milk. Non-dairy products are a fast-growing food industry sector; however, there are still gaps in understanding how the known bacterial food contaminants behave in plant-based beverages. The present study is the first to compare the growth of food-pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica and an industrial milk product isolate, spore-forming Paenibacillus, in commercially available ultrahigh temperature processed (UHT) bovine milk and plant-based milk alternatives (coconut, almond, cashew). Beverage samples were inoculated with a strain …

An Analysis Of Available European Food Composition Databases To Enable The Development Of A Technology-Based Dietary Assessment Tool, Hannah Al-Sehaim

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

DIETARY DEAL is an EU-project led by MTU, tasked to develop an open-source dietary assessment tool (DAT) to harmonise collection and analysis of dietary data across Europe⁽¹⁾. A key component of all DATs is integrated food composition databases (FCD) containing energy and nutrient information (per 100g food) for translation of food intake data into nutrient estimates.

This preliminary research aimed to identify and quantify available FCD in European countries for inclusion in the new DAT.

Search terms such as [European Food Composition Databases], [Available Food Composition Databases in Europe] and [Recent European Food Composition Databases Published] were used …

Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy As An Alternative Method For Non-Invasive Sterility Detection In Ready To Feed Infant Milk Products, Peter Myintzaw

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Background: The potential application of rapid, non-destructive, and user-friendly TDLAS technology to detect contamination in commercially sterile dairy beverages where visual inspection is not possible was investigated for the first time. The TDLAS equipment uses laser light to monitor carbon dioxide changes due to microbial growth in the container headspace which has the advantage of being rapid and non-destructive. This study aimed to provide detailed scientific evidence for the application of TDLAS technology as a method to determine product sterility in real food products.

Methods: TDLAS growth detection of Bacillus fengqiuensis, Candida albicans, Lactococcus lactis, Microbacterium …

Mining Of Producer Recorded Data; Using Beef Calf And Cow Live-Weight Data As A Case Study, Shauna Walsh

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Animal live-weight contributes to profitability in beef herds and is a key determinant of overall efficiency of the beef sector. The objective was to develop a novel editing criteria for anomaly detection of beef cow and calf live-weight data. Live-weight data from five sources (i.e., professionally-recorded, owned-scales, borrowed-scales, scales hired from a depot, other) were available from the Irish Cattle Breeding Federation.

A number of alternative methods were used for anomaly detection including: generation of within-herd regression estimates, partial correlations between cow and calf live-weight records and mahalanobis distance. Across each method a value was calculated for each herd based …

How Irish Medical Scientists Can Assist In The Improved Diagnosis Of The Disease Infectious Mononucleosis, Patrick Naughton

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Background:

The eponymously named Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) or human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4) is the sole causative agent of the acute illness in humans described either as infectious mononucleosis (IM), or glandular fever. IM, when not clinically silent, can present in patients with at least two of the classic triad of symptoms of fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. Challenges for the clinician arise when atypical cases present. Early, accurate and informed laboratory test results are vital for diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and patient management. A key challenge for the practitioner, particularly in cases where the illness can present atypically, is distinguishing bacterial tonsillitis …

Investigation Of The Antimicrobial Activity Of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Of Human Origin, Ellen Twomey

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are significant members of the human microbiome and have been identified as a source of bacteriocins, small bioactive substances recognised for their antimicrobial properties. In this study we screened a bank of 37 human derived CoNS for the production of these peptides with emphasis on identifying those with the ability to inhibit the growth of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Deferred antagonism assays confirmed potential antimicrobial activity in all 37 isolates against sensitive indicator M. luteus, with nine inhibiting the growth of at least one MRSA strain they were overlaid against. Tests performed with the …

Dietary Fibre Intake In Teenagers (13-18 Years) Living In Ireland, Cliodhna Mcgowan

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Dietary fibre (DF) plays a major role in normal bowel function and low intakes have been reported globally for all population groups including teenagers. The aim of this study was to use new data from the National Teens’ Food Survey II (2019-20) to estimate intake and sources of DF for teenagers in Ireland.

Dietary intake data were collected using a 4d weighed food-diary and DF intake was estimated using UK and Irish food composition data. The mean daily intake (MDI) of DF was calculated via the NCI-method and compared with the adequate intake (AI) of 19g/d (13-14-year-olds) , 21g/d 1(5-17-year-olds) …

Effect Of Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations Of Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin And Trimethoprim On In-Vitro Biofilm Formation In Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli, Shane Whelan

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of sublethal concentrations of nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim on biofilm formation in 57 uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains (UPEC).

The MIC of nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim was determined for 57 UPEC isolates. Biofilm formation for each isolate with and without sub-lethal concentrations of each antibiotic was then quantified, and the statistical significance of changes in biofilm formation was ascertained by way of a Dunnett's test.

The effects of sub-MIC antibiotics on biofilm formation of UPEC were variable. A total of 22.8% of strains were induced to form biofilm by nitrofurantoin, …

An Investigation Of The Novel Use Of Bacteriophages To Diagnose And Treat Johne's Disease In Cattle, Max Kevane-Campbell

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Johne’s disease is a scourge to dairy farmers all over the world. It is an infectious disease that causes chronic inflammation and lesions along the inside of the small intestine of, primarily, ruminant animals (i.e., cattle and sheep). It is an incurable disease and urgently requires new and radical intervention strategies. Apart from careful on-site farm management practices, little can be offered to farmers to reduce the risk of infection, and nothing short of livestock culling is effective once an animal becomes infected. Currently, there are no vaccines licensed in Ireland or antibiotic treatment strategies available for Johne’s disease. This …

Investigation Of The Urobiome For The Production Of Novel Antimicrobials Against Uropathogenic E. Coli (Upec), Jennifer Jones

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections globally with antibiotic treatment becoming increasingly less effective. The urobiome remains a relatively understudied niche as a source of potentially novel antimicrobials (e.g., bacteriocins). Improvements to bacterial culturing and sequencing techniques have highlighted the potentially rich source of alternative treatments and control strategies to target uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: (a) BAGEL 4 was used for bioinformatic screening of the genomes of urobiome isolates to identify bacteriocin gene clusters (BGC).

(b) Expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC) was used to culture mid-stream urine samples to isolate …

'Investigating The Effect Of Cell-Free Supernatant Of Probiotic Strains On The Viability Of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines', Claire M. Doocey

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Background

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a prevalent cancer accounting for over 450,000 deaths globally in 2020, and is associated with limited treatment options and high mortality rates. Mounting evidence implicates the human microbiome in tumorigenesis and cancer progression with key players including Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer and Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer and PC. Current research, however, also suggests a potential role for certain microbial residents in oncological treatment and biotherapeutic development. Recent studies have shown a link between cell-free supernatants (CFS) from probiotic strains and cancer cell death, suggesting their potential in targeting the tumour microenvironment. Probiotic genera …

Isolating Mycobacteriophage For The Biocontrol Of Johne’S Disease., Laura O'Connell

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Johne’s disease is a chronic gastroenteritis condition that affects ruminants that results in animal death and major economic losses in the agriculture sector. The etiological agent of Johne’s disease, Mycobacterium avium sbsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), has also been associated with human diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Crohn’s and Parkinson’s. Several mycobacteriophage-based diagnostic assays have been developed to detect MAP in clinical samples. In an effort to contribute to the available bank of MTU mycobacteriophages, with the additional goal of isolating viruses capable of infecting MAP, a simple screening study of environmental samples was conducted. Mycobacteriophage buffer was mixed with (mainly soil) samples …

Genetic Trends For Carcass Traits Within Breeds In A Multi-Breed Evaluation, Shauna Mulhall

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

Most genetic evaluations and breeding objectives worldwide for beef traits tend to be on a within breed basis. Ireland is relatively unique in publishing national multi-breed genetic and genomic evaluation for carcass traits. The focus of this research is to determine genetic trends in carcass traits within each of the common sire breeds used in both dairy and beef populations. Estimated breeding values for carcass weight, carcass conformation, and carcass fat were available on 8,375,561 animals from the national carcass genetic evaluation. The mean of each animal’s sire EBV was estimated for each animal’s birth year for carcass weight, carcass …

Information Needs And Seeking Behaviour Of Post Graduate Students Of Kohat University Of Science And Technology Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Saeed Ullah Jan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Purpose: This study investigated the information needs and seeking behaviour, hurdles to information seeking of Post Graduate students of Kohat University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It focused on the information requirements of the Post Graduate students of the university, the pattern they use for seeking information, the difficulties they faced during seeking information.

Design/Methodology/approach: This study used a quantitative approach, adapting a survey questionnaire method for data collection. The population of this study was composed of M.Phil. and PhD students of 2019 and 2020 in the faculties of Physical and Numerical Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biological Sciences …

Cataloguing Metagenome Assembled Genomes And Microbial Genes From The Athlete Gut Microbiome, Laura Wosinska

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host physiology, and in recent years the fitness- microbiome paradigm has gained much research attention. As previously reported, the gut microbiomes of elite athletes are more diverse than that of non-athletes, with the changes in certain microbial taxa accounting for this increased diversity. To assess the gut microbiome of elite athletes, we have used various bioinformatic pipelines to recover Metagenome Assembled Genomes (MAGs), construct a phylogenomic tree of recovered MAGs, and to assess the genomic content predicted within the MAGs. This study recovered approximately 10,000 MAGs, from which 1,327 were deemed High-Quality …

Application Of Fructans-Degrading Lachancea Fermentati Fst5.1 As An Alternative To Baker’S Yeast In The Production Of A Low-Fodmap Whole Wheat Bread., Małgorzata Borowska

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

FODMAPs are a group of poorly absorbed dietary carbohydrates comprised of easily fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols. When consumed, they can exert gastrointestinal symptoms of pain, flatulence, or an irregular bowel movement in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome. Whole wheat bread is an excellent source of proteins, vitamins, polyphenols, and other nutrients, but its consumption is restricted in a low-FODMAP diet due to high fructans content. Although alternatives exist, these are primarily gluten-free, often inferior in terms of quality, nutritional profile, and consumer acceptance. Bioprocessing using microbial fermentation has a proven capacity to reduce FODMAPs in cereal products, but …

Evaluating 3d Printing As A Technology For Producing Dairy Snacks Based On Temperature-Controlled Rennet Induced Gelation Of Protein-Fortified Milk., Ricardo Uribe Alvarez

ORBioM (Open Research BioSciences Meeting)

3D food printing (3DFP) has the potential to develop products with complex structures, personalised nutrition, and customised textures. However, only foods with suitable physicochemical or rheological properties are suitable for 3DFP to ensure a self-supported structure is printed. Milk proteins can form structured objects (i.e., cheese, yoghurt), and so are potential ingredients for 3DFP. This study aims to adapt the rennet gelation from the curdling process of cheese-making to produce 3D printed dairy snacks using milk protein isolate-fortified milk. It is well known that curdling of milk by rennet is temperature dependant; therefore, the rennet gelation properties (G' and G'') …

Advancing Open Science At Florida State University Libraries, Renaine Julian, Nicholas Ruhs

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

No abstract provided.

Role And Opportunity Of Library In The Context Of Open Science, Jitka Dobbersteinova, Jozef Dzivak

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

The role of libraries on Open Science has been recognised and discussed at multiple fora and have been accepted publicly by international organisations and stakeholders. It is natural, as academic libraries are already supporting a knowledge sharing and build a common good. In Slovakia, the National Research Library plays a key role in open science movement as we work as the national body strategically coordinating open science issues accross Slovakia. We participated very actively in the bottom-up project, which is Slovak National strategy for Open Science adopted by the Slovak Government in 2021. The Strategy for years 2021 – 2028 …

Doctoral Students’ Research Data Management Competencies Based On The Quality Of Their Data Management Plans, Jukka Rantasaari

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

Many international, national, and institutional principles and policies as well as a growing number of funders and publishers recommend or mandate researchers to write data management plans (DMPs) or share the underlying research data upon which the research articles are based. At the core of these alignments is to enhance research transparency, reproducibility and reliability, and the reuse of research data by bringing the data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR). To help researchers fulfill this task, they need education in research data management (RDM).

The goal of this preliminary paper is to find out the quality of the DMPs …

Doy Hall

African American Funeral Programs

No abstract provided.

Legal Rights For Rivers, Katie O'Bryan

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

"In Countless Ways And On An Unprecedented Scale": Reflections On The Stockholm Declaration At 50, Rebecca Bratspies

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Conference: The 1972 Stockholm Declaration At Fifty: Reflecting On A Half-Century Of International Environmental Law / International Environmental Law At Its Semicentennial: The Stockholm Legacy / Hosted By The Dean Rusk International Law Center And The Georgia Journal Of International And Comparative Law On October 8, 2021 In Athens, Georgia And Online, Melissa J. Durkee

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

All Bets Are On! . . . Line: The Varied Regulatory Framework Of An Interconnected Online Sports Betting System, Meg Graham

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Accidents On The High Seas And Flags Of Convenience: Whether The Bbnj Draft Treaty Will Address Insufficient Regulatory Compliance By Open Registry States, Kaitlyn O'Hara

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

The United States And Its Obligations Under The Optional Protocol To The Convention On The Rights Of The Child On The Sale Of Children, Child Prostitution And Child Pornography To Combat Child Exploitation In The Digital World, Audrey Cunningham

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

More Than The Daily Catch: How Regulating The Fishing Industry Can Help Keep Plastics From The Ocean, Katherine Payne

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.