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Ceo Characteristics, Industry 4.0 Capabilities, And Firm Performance, Vidya Laxmanrao Ganji Aug 2022

Ceo Characteristics, Industry 4.0 Capabilities, And Firm Performance, Vidya Laxmanrao Ganji

Management Dissertations - Archive

Industry 4.0 has received significant attention from academia and industry in the last decade. Despite its growing popularity, this area is relatively understudied. There is a lack of thorough understanding of the disparate thematic areas under the umbrella term "Industry 4.0" in the literature. My first essay aims to elucidate the intellectual structure of Industry 4.0 publications using: (a) bibliometric techniques; and (b) topic modeling. The synthesized analyses unraveled diverse themes of Industry 4.0 and deepened our understanding of academic research on Industry 4.0. Such an understanding is important to identify opportunities to advance the boundaries of scholarship on Industry …

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What Is The State Of The Literature About Robotic Animal Use Among Older Adults Receiving Hospice Or Palliative Care?, Allyson Miles Aug 2022

What Is The State Of The Literature About Robotic Animal Use Among Older Adults Receiving Hospice Or Palliative Care?, Allyson Miles

Social Work Theses - Archive

Objective: This review aims to assess the extent of the literature on robotic pet use among older adults receivinghospice or palliative care. Introduction: In 2015, in the U.S, an estimated 1,426,00 individuals received hospice; among this population, 94.6% were aged 65 or older (National Center for Health Statistics,2019). According to the literature, a social robot is defined as something that interacts with individuals socio-emotionally during the intervention (Hudson et al., 2020). Social robots, including robotic pets, are promising technological interventions that can benefit the psychosocial health of older adults and people with dementia. Although there are previous reviews on robotic …

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Reactive Motion Planning Of Autonomous Vehicles In 3-Dimensional Environments Using Collision And Rendezvous Cones, Kashish Dhal Aug 2022

Reactive Motion Planning Of Autonomous Vehicles In 3-Dimensional Environments Using Collision And Rendezvous Cones, Kashish Dhal

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation presents a collision cone/rendezvous cone-based approach for reactive motion planning in three-dimensional dynamic environments. Collision avoidance is fundamental to robot motion planning. In dynamic environments, the path and velocities of obstacles are not known a-priori, and hence it is a common practice to use reactive planners. Reactive planners should be computationally inexpensive because they need to act fast to avoid potential collisions. To reduce the computational load, a majority of motion planning algorithms model the shapes of the robots and obstacles as a circle/sphere. However, when the objects are elongated more in one direction than another, the spherical …

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Charge Transfer And Built-In Fields At A Semiconductor-Crystalline Oxide Interface: Effects Of The Interface Dipole And Surface Termination, Matthew Dennis Chrysler Aug 2022

Charge Transfer And Built-In Fields At A Semiconductor-Crystalline Oxide Interface: Effects Of The Interface Dipole And Surface Termination, Matthew Dennis Chrysler

Physics Dissertations - Archive

Charge transfer and built-in fields across semiconductor heterojunctions underpin the functionality of virtually all device technologies. In this regard, interfaces between insulating oxides and semiconductors have been extensively studied due to the success of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) technology. Perovskite oxides were originally proposed as potential replacements as a gate dielectric for MOS field-effect transistors because device scaling effects make SiO2 gate leakage too high. However, perovskite oxides containing transition metals display many other properties not found in semiconductors such as ferroelectricity, high-T superconductivity and metal-insulator transitions. Recent advancements in growth technology allow for the creation of structurally coherent interfaces between crystalline …

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Cardiac Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (Spect) Simulation Using The Xcat Phantom And The Simind Package, Akolade Adebayo Aug 2022

Cardiac Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (Spect) Simulation Using The Xcat Phantom And The Simind Package, Akolade Adebayo

Physics Theses - Archive

Clinical data indicates a prevalence of transmural perfusion defects in the apical, mid, and basal segment of the left ventricle (LV) wall in patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD). To administer therapeutic regimes on myocardial function, detection of lesions in various region of the LV wall is essential. Cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is one of the most prevalent diagnostic tools to detect perfusion defects. Computer simulation using digital phantoms based on real patient data obtained from National Library of Medicine (NLM) offers a cost-effective approach to generate realistic imaging data to test novel imaging hardware and software …

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The Effects Of Digital Civic Engagement Training On The Political Knowledge And Internal Political Efficacy Of Social Work Students, Christian Andrew Mason Aug 2022

The Effects Of Digital Civic Engagement Training On The Political Knowledge And Internal Political Efficacy Of Social Work Students, Christian Andrew Mason

Social Work Theses - Archive

It is an ethical obligation for social workers to be civically engaged because the issues central to the profession, like poverty, are public issues. One widely used method to examine civic engagement is the civic voluntarism model developed by Verba et al. (1995). Furthermore, an emerging arena for civic involvement is the digital environment and its potential use as a training ground. This study was a pilot study to determine if a brief training in digital civic engagement for social work students could lead to an increase in the internal political efficacy and political knowledge of social work students. While …

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Computational Materials Chemistry: From Polymer Precursors To Ceramics And High-Pressure Materials, Shariq Haseen Aug 2022

Computational Materials Chemistry: From Polymer Precursors To Ceramics And High-Pressure Materials, Shariq Haseen

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

With advances in computing power, the field of computational chemistry has flourished. Using current computational resources, atomistic simulations of billion atoms and trillions of atoms have been performed. Computational techniques can be used to support experimental investigations into new materials as well as independently predict the existence of new materials. Furthermore, computational techniques are becoming instrumental in investigations. This work is split into two parts. Part I focuses on high-pressure and materials chemistry. We investigate the cristobalite-rutile transformation for SiO2, GeO2, and TiO2, and predict conditions at which cristobalite-GeO2 and cristobalite-TiO2 may be synthesized (Chapter 1), we provide supporting calculations …

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Stimuli-Responsive Peptide Self-Assembly For Therapeutic Delivery, Su Yang Aug 2022

Stimuli-Responsive Peptide Self-Assembly For Therapeutic Delivery, Su Yang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Peptide self-assembly offers an effective method to generate supramolecular nanomaterials with much higher stability than traditional monomeric peptides. The materials exhibit well-organized hierarchical structures and high resistance toward proteolysis and have been utilized extensively in various biomedical applications. Furthermore, due to the prevalence of non-covalent interactions, these structures are highly dynamic. The dynamic nature is beneficial for the design and synthesis of smart, trigger-responsive peptide selfassembly under specific stimulus, in particular various stimuli associated with disease conditions. In Chapter 1, I will introduce different types of peptide building blocks used for the construction of peptide self-assembly. I will further discuss …

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Remediation Of Contaminated Dumpsite Soil: An Evaluation Of Soil Amendments In Combination With Phytoremediation, Sasha Shanda Karen Jones Aug 2022

Remediation Of Contaminated Dumpsite Soil: An Evaluation Of Soil Amendments In Combination With Phytoremediation, Sasha Shanda Karen Jones

Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive

Contamination of soils and water from open dump site leachate is a frequent problem in developing nations. Water supplies are threatened when water percolates through the waste, bringing with it a variety of substances, such as metals, bacteria, viruses, flammables, organic chemicals, and other toxics. Metals in particular are complex in terms of the pathways they can choose in the environment; unlike organics, they do not degrade within the environment. Due to increases in population and affluence, the generation of waste has increased, meaning that leachate treatment will become an increasing problem. The overarching research goal was to evaluate a …

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Boundary Conditions For A Late Triassic Climate Simulation Using Cesm1.2-Som, James Alden Breen Aug 2022

Boundary Conditions For A Late Triassic Climate Simulation Using Cesm1.2-Som, James Alden Breen

Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive

Climate models have been widely adapted to reconstruct the environmental changes and associated mass extinction events across geologic times, such as the Younger Dryas (~12.9 Kyr), the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maxima (~55 Ma), and the Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction Event (~251 Ma). However, few studies have utilized climate models to investigate the potential climatic triggers of the large biological decline at the end-Triassic Mass Extinction (ETE; ~201 Ma). In this study, global boundary conditions for the end-Triassic hothouse climate are developed in order to allow a common framework for paleoclimate simulation and to study to internal climate variability in order to better …

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Towards On-Chip Integrated Sensors: Photonic Crystal Optical Sensors And Lasers, Zhonghe Liu Aug 2022

Towards On-Chip Integrated Sensors: Photonic Crystal Optical Sensors And Lasers, Zhonghe Liu

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Supervising Professor: Weidong Zhou The field of compact integrated optical platform has developed into a new era in the past two decades. On one hand, the semiconductor optoelectronic devices are becoming smaller and cheaper thanks to the development of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication technologies; on the other hand, the applications of optoelectronics have been deeply coupled to other fields to realize more complicated implementations. Photonic crystal slab (PCS) structure has been playing an increasingly important role in these optical devices, active or passive, by enabling a variety of light-matter interaction mechanisms. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate …

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Hand Analysis From Depth Images, Mohammad Rezaei Aug 2022

Hand Analysis From Depth Images, Mohammad Rezaei

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Hand analysis using vision systems is necessary for interaction between people and digital devices and thus is crucial in many applications relating to computer vision and human computer interaction (HCI). The proposed dissertation will explore hand analysis from depth images along two lines: hand part segmentation and 3D hand pose estimation. First, we investigate hand part segmentation from depth images, which is formulated as a semantic segmentation task. We explore a method aimed at determining for every pixel what hand part it belongs to. This method attempts to perform this task without requiring the ground-truth segmentation labels for training. It …

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Towards High Performance Cancer Staging From Histology Images, Ashwin Raju Aug 2022

Towards High Performance Cancer Staging From Histology Images, Ashwin Raju

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Digital Pathology (DP) has been recently used in replacement to traditional microscopy samples as it easy to navigate and can be analysed, processed and saved. With the invention of Digital pathology, there has been exponential increase of automated process to make the life of Doctors easier. One such automated process is Artificial Intelligence (AI) where the AI is used as an assistant to Humans and to make the analysis and guide the experts. With the advent of AI and in particular Deep Learning, research has been divided and focused to solve multiple problems in Digital Pathology. One such important application …

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Gan-Based Domain Translation For Hand Pose Estimation And Face Reconstruction, Farnaz Farahanipad Aug 2022

Gan-Based Domain Translation For Hand Pose Estimation And Face Reconstruction, Farnaz Farahanipad

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Deep learning solutions for hand pose estimation are now very reliant on comprehensive datasets covering diverse camera perspectives, lighting conditions, shapes, and pose variations. Since, acquiring such datasets is a challenging task that may be infeasible for many novel applications, several studies aim to develop semi/self supervised learning methods, that learn to estimate hand pose from a few labeled/unlabeled data. Therefore, in this dissertation, we investigate new advances in semi/self supervised learning which will remove the bottleneck of obtaining time-consuming frameby- frame manual annotations through generative adversarial networks (GANs). To handle above mentioned challenges, this thesis makes the following contributions. …

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An Intimate Relationship: Medical Theory, The Environment, And Hospitals, Devin Williams Aug 2022

An Intimate Relationship: Medical Theory, The Environment, And Hospitals, Devin Williams

History Theses - Archive

Prior to the full acceptance of bacteriology in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, medicine relied heavily upon the natural environment and cultivating flora from various regions around the world to implement in therapeutics. As a result of various medical theories and practices during the long nineteenth century the hospital became the physical embodiment of such practices and became modified as these medical theories advanced toward an acceptance of bacteriology. Initially serving as a marker for the boundary between the built and natural environments, hospitals also relied heavily upon the natural environment in the treatment of patients and became …

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Niche And Dispersal Effects On Biodiversity, Community Composition And Species Co-Occurrences In Stream Ecosystems, Joseph Leonardo Mruzek Aug 2022

Niche And Dispersal Effects On Biodiversity, Community Composition And Species Co-Occurrences In Stream Ecosystems, Joseph Leonardo Mruzek

Biology Dissertations - Archive

Niche and dispersal processes are major ecological drivers of freshwater communities but their relative roles across latitudinal gradients, scales, and organismal groups are not well understood. Thus, we performed three studies with sub-continental datasets of stream algae, insects, and fish. In chapter 2 we predicted that: i) niche processes would dominate at high latitudes due to increased climatic stress, consistent with the physiological tolerance hypothesis and the Dobzhansky-MacArthur hypothesis and ii) dispersal limitation would prevail at low latitudes due to narrower niches and smaller range sizes, consistent with the dispersal-ecological specialization tradeoff hypothesis, the latitude-niche breadth hypothesis, and Rapoport’s rule. …

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Lasso Based State Transition Modeling With Interactions In Adaptive Interdisciplinary Pain Management, Amith Viswanatha Aug 2022

Lasso Based State Transition Modeling With Interactions In Adaptive Interdisciplinary Pain Management, Amith Viswanatha

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The Eugene McDermott Center for Pain Management at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center has an interdisciplinary pain management program for chronic pain. This program treats patients with a holistic view of reducing chronic pain and improving their physical, mental, and social well-being through treatment interventions. The development of an adaptive treatment decision tool is main goal of the research project. This program is modeled as a two-stage adaptive treatment decision problem, with state transition models representing the transition of patient state, treatment, and outcome variables from stage 1 to stage 2. Interactions between the patient state and treatments …

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Investigating The Short-Term And Long-Term Impact Of Covid-19 On Cardiovascular Health, Damsara Nandadeva Aug 2022

Investigating The Short-Term And Long-Term Impact Of Covid-19 On Cardiovascular Health, Damsara Nandadeva

Kinesiology Dissertations - Archive

Recent data indicates that the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is augmented following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Moreover, emerging data indicates that almost 50% of individuals who had COVID-19 experience persisting symptoms which are often debilitating, beyond the acute phase of the illness. This condition that is given the diagnosis post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC), also appears to be associated with cardiovascular complications. However, it is unclear what factors contribute to CVD risk following COVID-19 and PASC. Accordingly, the aim of this dissertation was to investigate potential factors that may contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes following COVID-19 with a …

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Designing Better Experiences Through Storytelling: Two Essays Examining The Application Of Storytelling In Service Design And Its Impact On Customer And Service Offering-Related Outcomes, Olamide Temitope Olajuwon Ige Aug 2022

Designing Better Experiences Through Storytelling: Two Essays Examining The Application Of Storytelling In Service Design And Its Impact On Customer And Service Offering-Related Outcomes, Olamide Temitope Olajuwon Ige

Marketing Dissertations - Archive

The service literature has long recognized that storytelling can be applied in the design of service offerings and their associated customer journeys. The literature also suggests that applying storytelling in service design can enhance the customer experience. However, the customer and firm outcomes that result from applying storytelling in service and customer journey design have not been addressed by the literature. The underlying mechanisms through which storytelling enhances the customer experience and other customer outcomes when applied in service design have also not been addressed by the literature. In addition, there is a shortage of research that addresses the application …

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Abrading The Enigma Of The Wound Healing Process: Modeling The Inflammation, Proliferation, And Maturation Stage, Amanda Patrick Aug 2022

Abrading The Enigma Of The Wound Healing Process: Modeling The Inflammation, Proliferation, And Maturation Stage, Amanda Patrick

Mathematics Dissertations - Archive

Wound healing encompasses a group of processes categorized into overlapping stages known as the inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling stage. The dynamics of these processes are important in studying outcomes of wound care and determining factors that contribute to certain wound outcomes. A system of ordinary differential equations is constructed for the inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling stage. Parameter sets for this model are investigated based on output dynamics according to the literature and based on experimental data. A bifurcation analysis is conducted to determine sudden changes that can occur in the inflammation system. Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST) is implemented to …

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Sustainable And Inclusive Engineering: The Use Of Mentors And Sustainable Remediation To Increase The Presence Of Underrepresented Groups In Engineering, Nathaniel L. Steadman Aug 2022

Sustainable And Inclusive Engineering: The Use Of Mentors And Sustainable Remediation To Increase The Presence Of Underrepresented Groups In Engineering, Nathaniel L. Steadman

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

The recruitment and retention of underrepresented groups in engineering, such as women, has been a priority for many decades to diversify the profession to meet the current demand for engineers. Unfortunately, barriers continue to inhibit the recruitment and retention of underrepresented students in engineering, thus reducing the impact of these efforts. A potential barrier is a lack of social connection to the technical problem definition, design, and decision-making that engineers utilize, prioritizing technical knowledge over social. Previous research has theorized that the incorporation of social considerations in technical engineering design increases interest in engineering for underrepresented groups. The purpose of …

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An Experimental Investigation Of Icephobicity And Hydrophobicity Of Concrete Surface Treated With Pavix, Hussein Hashemi Senejani Aug 2022

An Experimental Investigation Of Icephobicity And Hydrophobicity Of Concrete Surface Treated With Pavix, Hussein Hashemi Senejani

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

High ice adhesion is a significant problem in several industries. The majority of practical issues brought on by ice adhesion are still not fully resolved, and the ice-adhesion mechanism is still poorly understood. Ice adhesion is a complex phenomenon that becomes more intricate when salt is involved, as in many marine cases. Reducing ice adhesion by generating hydrophobic surfaces might be advantageous in many applications as a passive ice removal strategy. Lowering adhesion may reduce friction, abrasion, and damage to structures in a maritime environment, as well as any surface prone to ice development. This process may also be utilized …

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Earnings Management Strategy Of Pension Plan Changing Firms, Wei Chen Aug 2022

Earnings Management Strategy Of Pension Plan Changing Firms, Wei Chen

Accounting Dissertations - Archive

This study investigates the earnings management strategy of defined benefit pension plan changing firms. I provide the evidence that managers engage in cash conservation activities and real earnings management in response to the changes in funding status and pension income through the manipulation of pension assumptions before and after pension freezing. These results suggest that earnings management through pension assumptions affects the normal operations of the firm through real activities during the defined benefit plan pension freezing. I also provide evidence that pension termination firms exhibit a lower level of discretionary accruals after the termination, suggesting the downsizing of a …

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Replication Data For: A Closer Look At Underground Natural Gas Pipeline Leaks Across The United States, Younki Cho, Kathleen M. Smits, Nathaniel L. Steadman, Bridget A. Ulrich, Clay S. Bell, Daniel J. Zimmerle Aug 2022

Replication Data For: A Closer Look At Underground Natural Gas Pipeline Leaks Across The United States, Younki Cho, Kathleen M. Smits, Nathaniel L. Steadman, Bridget A. Ulrich, Clay S. Bell, Daniel J. Zimmerle

Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive

Underground natural gas (NG) pipeline leakage can result in methane (CH4) buildup and migration through the soil. What is not well understood in such scenarios is how the soil conditions affect the gas migration behavior, particularly in regard to the relative contributions of specific soil properties such as soil moisture content. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soil properties on CH4 concentration and migration from leaking underground NG pipelines. Site characteristics such as surface cover and spatial dimensions, soil samples, and gas concentration data were collected from over 70 gas leakage sites …

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Exploring The Relationship Between Rural Health Disparities And Income, Mortality, Insurance And Hospital Access, Jacob Ingram Aug 2022

Exploring The Relationship Between Rural Health Disparities And Income, Mortality, Insurance And Hospital Access, Jacob Ingram

2022 Spring Honors Capstone Projects - Archive

There is limited information about how social determinants of health relate to mortality rates in rural and urban areas. The purpose of this study was to determine ruralurban differences in, and correlations between, county-level mortality and social determinants of health variables (i.e., income, number of hospitals, being with or without insurance). The design was secondary, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational. There are 82 urban and 172 rural Texas counties. Mean county-level mortality rate was significantly higher in rural counties (M=108, SD=36.4 per 10,000 population) compared to urban (M=90.9, SD=25.6). In rural counties, uninsured rates were higher, insured rates were lower, and …

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Immune Variation Through Mhc Gene Analysis Of The Mourning Gecko (Lepidodactylus Lugubris), Elizabeth Rose Weeresinghe Aug 2022

Immune Variation Through Mhc Gene Analysis Of The Mourning Gecko (Lepidodactylus Lugubris), Elizabeth Rose Weeresinghe

2022 Spring Honors Capstone Projects - Archive

A Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a cell-surface molecule encoded by a large gene family in all vertebrate DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The MHC determines susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. These genes are highly polymorphic, meaning that in a non-endogamic population, each organism has a unique set of MHC genes and molecules. Evolution of the MHC through polymorphism ensures a population will not succumb to a new or mutated pathogen, because some individuals will develop an adequate immune response to defeat the pathogen. Because of this, finding MHC genes in transcriptomes is important for finding genetic variability in the immune systems of …

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Evaluating The Benefit Of The Islamic Banking System In Uae (United Arab Emirates), Hadjer Abir Bensaha Aug 2022

Evaluating The Benefit Of The Islamic Banking System In Uae (United Arab Emirates), Hadjer Abir Bensaha

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

A ubiquitous number of articles have examined the finance and banking systems used throughout the world (conventional). This paper aims to provide some evidence of the value of the Islamic banking system and why the current non-Islamic systems should implement certain aspects of the Islamic finance system. To make this claim, I rely on secondary research data to support my arguments. Islamic banking has experienced rapid global growth. This paper uses the United Arab of Emirates as the scope of this research because both banking systems have operated in the UAE for several years. Therefore, existing data and statistics from …

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Effects Of Imu Sensor Location And Number On The Validity Of Vertical Acceleration Time-Series Data In Countermovement Jumping, Dianne Althouse Aug 2022

Effects Of Imu Sensor Location And Number On The Validity Of Vertical Acceleration Time-Series Data In Countermovement Jumping, Dianne Althouse

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Many devices are available for measuring the height of a CMJ. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) measures linear acceleration, orientation, and angular velocity. As an alternative to using IMU estimates of flight time, CMJ height could be estimated by integrating the IMU time-series signal for vertical acceleration to derive CMJ take-off velocity in order to track whole-body center of mass (WBCoM) movement, yet this approach would require valid IMU acceleration data. Thus, the purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of IMU sensor location and number on the validity of vertical acceleration estimation in CMJ. Thirty young adults …

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Contributions Of Vision To The Neuromotor Control And Biomechanics Of Depth Jumping, Kenneth Harrison Aug 2022

Contributions Of Vision To The Neuromotor Control And Biomechanics Of Depth Jumping, Kenneth Harrison

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of vision during depth jump movements and further explore effects of stroboscopic goggles on the motor control of landing. METHODS: Ground reaction force (GRF), rate of force development (RFD), and lower limb surface electromyography measurements were collected on 20 participants (11 male 9 female) across 6 trials of depth jumping (0.51 m) in each of two visual conditions (full vision vs stroboscopic vision). Root-mean-square was estimated from EMG signals that were reduced to specific time-bins (150ms pre touchdown, 30-60ms, 60-85 ms, and 85-120 ms post touchdown). Main effects of and interactions between visual condition and …

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Properties And Classifications Of Certain Lcd Codes., Dalton Seth Gannon Aug 2022

Properties And Classifications Of Certain Lcd Codes., Dalton Seth Gannon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A linear code $C$ is called a linear complementary dual code (LCD code) if $C \cap C^\perp = {0}$ holds. LCD codes have many applications in cryptography, communication systems, data storage, and quantum coding theory. In this dissertation we show that a necessary and sufficient condition for a cyclic code $C$ over $\Z_4$ of odd length to be an LCD code is that $C=\big( f(x) \big)$ where $f$ is a self-reciprocal polynomial in $\Z_{4}[X]$ which is also in our paper \cite{GK1}. We then extend this result and provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a cyclic code $C$ of length …

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