Digital Commons Network^™

Intouch August 22, 2022, New York Medical College

InTouch

• GSBMS Celebrates Renaming and Welcomes New Students
• City of White Plains Youth Bureau Gets Insightful Look at NYMC
• Join NYMC and TU for 21st COVID-19 Symposium on August 23
• Sabrina Martinez, GSBMS Class of 2023, Is Building a Foundation in Basic Sciences With Dreams of Medical School

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 08.22.22, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Bruce Huber was quoted in the USA Today article, "Fact check: GOP senators blocked Merrick Garland's Supreme Court nomination, not Trump."
• Sherif Girgis was quoted in the Vox article, "There’s a bipartisan bill to codify Roe — and abortion rights groups can’t stand it."

Student News

• The London Law students have arrived to start the fall semester. They are pictured here with our London program director Mary Denner.

Events

• Monday, August 22: First day of classes
• Law School Kick-off Lunch, 12:30, Smith Ballroom, Morris Inn
• Tuesday, August 23: Opening Mass, 5:15 p.m., Basilica of the Sacred Heart …

Differential Progression Of Unhealthy Dietinduced Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Obese And Non-Obese Mice, Emma Hymel, Elizabeth Vlock, Kurt W. Fisher, Paraskevi A. Farazi

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranks first among liver diseases in Western countries. NAFLD is typically associated with obesity and diabetes, however it also develops in lean individuals without metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of lean NAFLD is 7 percent in the U.S. and 25–30 percent in some Asian countries. NAFLD starts with excess liver fat accumulation (NAFL), progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of lean NASH-HCC and how it differs from obese NASH-HCC is not well understood.

Methods In this work, we generated a mouse model of lean and obese NASH-HCC using a …

A Support Vector Machine Based Cure Rate Model For Interval Censored Data, Suvra Pal, P Wang, Y Peng, S Barui

SAGE Open Access Agreement Publications-Archive

The mixture cure rate model is the most commonly used cure rate model in the literature. In the context of mixture cure rate model, the standard approach to model the effect of covariates on the cured or uncured probability is to use a logistic function. This readily implies that the boundary classifying the cured and uncured subjects is linear. In this paper, we propose a new mixture cure rate model based on interval censored data that uses the support vector machine (SVM) to model the effect of covariates on the uncured or the cured probability (i.e., on the incidence part …

A Support Vector Machine Based Cure Rate Model For Interval Censored Data, Suvra Pal, Y Peng, S Barui, P Wang

SAGE Open Access Agreement Publications-Archive

The mixture cure rate model is the most commonly used cure rate model in the literature. In the context of mixture cure rate model, the standard approach to model the effect of covariates on the cured or uncured probability is to use a logistic function. This readily implies that the boundary classifying the cured and uncured subjects is linear. In this paper, we propose a new mixture cure rate model based on interval censored data that uses the support vector machine (SVM) to model the effect of covariates on the uncured or the cured probability (i.e., on the incidence part …

Immunohistochemical Detection And Prognostic Significance Of P53, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Murine Double Minute 2, And Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 In Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients Of Pakistan, Syed Muhammad Adnan Ali, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Syed Ather Enam, Zubair Ahmad, Yumna Adnan, Hasnain Ahmed Farooqui

Department of Surgery Docs

Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest cranial tumors occurring in adults. Various biomarkers have been tested for their significance in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of GBM. Some well-studied markers in GBM are Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), Murine double minute 2 (MDM2), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and p53. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein expression of these markers in GBM patients of Pakistan.
Methods: A total of 102 surgically resected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from patients diagnosed and treated at Aga Khan University Hospital were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for IDH1, MDM2, …

Dialogue Policies For Confusion Mitigation In Situated Hri, Na Li, Robert J. Ross

Articles

Confusion is a mental state triggered by cognitive disequilibrium that can occur in many types of task-oriented interaction, including Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). People may become confused while interacting with robots due to communicative or even task-centred challenges. To build a smooth and engaging HRI, it is insufficient for an agent to simply detect confusion; instead, the system should aim to mitigate the situation. In light of this, in this paper, we present our approach to a linguistic design of dialogue policies to build a dialogue framework to alleviate interlocutor confusion. We also outline our sketch and discuss challenges with respect …

Knowledge Management Application In The Service Industry, Fatima Muhammad Saba Cln

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Knowledge management is now considered as one of the pressing challenges in economic development related to the world of industry, studies in services and information. The adoption and implementation of knowledge management may be considered as a breakthrough factor for companies willing to integrate it in the knowledge-based economy. In service industry, knowledge management enables organizations to make in more intelligent decisions as they render services to the public. Nowadays, the foundation of new economics has shifted from natural resources to intellectual assets and top manager in service industry might be forced to focus on knowledge management which have been …

Usage Of Social Media Networking Sites And Academic Performance Of Library And Information Science Undergraduates In Southern Nigeria, Ivwighreghweta Oghenetega (Cln) Dr., Uwaifo Stephen Osahon Prof.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

The study investigated the use of social media networking sites and academic performance of Library and Information Science (LIS) undergraduates in federal universities in Southern Nigeria. In carrying out this study, three research questions and one null hypotheses were tested at P < 0.05. Descriptive survey design was utilized for the study. The population for the study is 1,440 undergraduates in the Department of Library and Information Science in federal universities in Southern Nigeria. The total enumeration and accidental sampling techniques were used for this study. The instruments used for this study were a questionnaire with the title “Usage of Social Networking Sites and Academic Performance Questionnaire (USNSAPQ)” and the Cumulative Grade Point Average Scores of the undergraduates for 2015/2016 academic session. The data obtained were analysed, using frequency, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistic. Findings revealed that the academic performance of undergraduates in LIS was in good standing. The reasons for undergraduates’ usage of social networking sites were to communicate and interact with friends, to send and receive messages from friends, to read news update, to be informed about social events and for leisure/entertainment. Undergraduates never made use of social networking sites for academic purposes. It was further revealed that there was no significant relationship between usage of social networking sites and academic performance of undergraduates. The study recommended among others that orientation, workshop and seminar should be organized by librarians and university authorities on the use of social media sites for academic purpose. Undergraduates’ attendance at such orientations, workshop and seminars should be made compulsory.

Distance Estimates To Evolved Stars Using Infrared Emission And Verification And Validation Of The Plasma Code Empire, Brandon M. Medina

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Gaining insight into the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way is important for understanding the universe on a large scale. Evolved stars on the Asymptotic Giant Branch are useful for studying the Milky Way because their emission is peaked in the infrared, where interstellar extinction effects are not as dominant. To further understand the physical properties of these objects like luminosity and investigate the Galaxy's structure, we need distance estimates. Obtaining distance estimates for these evolved stars via trigonometric parallax measurements is time-consuming, so infrared surveys studying Asymptotic Giant Branch stars can benefit from other distance estimate methods. In …

Uab/Csl Behring Study To Investigate Blood-Clotting Agent As Treatment For Injured Patients Who Are Bleeding, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

How To Conduct Trauma Research With Patients Who Cannot Say Yes, Allie Hulcher

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Behavioural Support And Nicotine Replacement Therapy For Smokeless Tobacco Cessation: Protocol For A Pilot Randomised-Controlled Multi-Country Trial, Faraz Siddiqui, Linda Bauld, Ray Croucher, Cath Jackson, Ian Kellar, Mona Kanaan, Subhash Pokhrel, Rumana Huque, Romaina Iqbal, Javaid Ahmed Khan

Community Health Sciences

Background: Smokeless tobacco (ST) is consumed globally by more than 350 million people, with approximately 85% of all users based in South and Southeast Asia. In this region, ST products are cheap and easily accessible. Evidence-based interventions to people quit ST use are lacking. This study aims to test the feasibility of conducting a future definitive trial of ST cessation, using a culturally adapted behavioural intervention, and/or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in three South Asian countries.
Methods: We will conduct a factorial design, randomised-controlled pilot trial in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Daily ST users will be recruited from primary health …

Self-Reflection And Insight As Sources Of Resilience For Young Black Men, Kisha Thompson

Sigma Foundation for Nursing Research Grant Reports

Young Black men in America experience increased vulnerability to health disparities due to the continued exposure to oppression in the Black community. This pilot study examined the influence of reflective practices in mitigating adverse health outcomes, specifically looking at the relationships among self-reflection, insight, and resilience in young Black men. Flyers and snowball sampling were used to recruit a sample of young Black men (n = 89) between 18 and 40 from the northeastern United States.

Generalization In Quantum Machine Learning From Few Training Data, Andrew Sornborger

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Modern quantum machine learning (QML) methods involve variationally optimizing a parameterized quantum circuit on a training data set, and subsequently making predictions on a testing data set (i.e., generalizing). In this work, we provide a comprehensive study of generalization performance in QML after training on a limited number N of training data points. We show that the generalization error of a quantum machine learning model with T trainable gates scales at worst as [Formula: see text]. When only K ≪ T gates have undergone substantial change in the optimization process, we prove that the generalization error improves to [Formula: see …

Lysyl Hydroxylase 2 Mediated Collagen Post-Translational Modifications And Functional Outcomes, Masahiko Terajima, Yuki Taga, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Hou-Fu Guo, Yukako Kayashima, Kshitij Parag-Sharma, Antonio L Amelio, Kazunori Mizuno, Jonathan M Kurie, Mitsuo Yamauchi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) is a member of LH family that catalyzes the hydroxylation of lysine (Lys) residues on collagen, and this particular isozyme has been implicated in various diseases. While its function as a telopeptidyl LH is generally accepted, several fundamental questions remain unanswered: 1. Does LH2 catalyze the hydroxylation of all telopeptidyl Lys residues of collagen? 2. Is LH2 involved in the helical Lys hydroxylation? 3. What are the functional consequences when LH2 is completely absent? To answer these questions, we generated LH2-null MC3T3 cells (LH2KO), and extensively characterized the type I collagen phenotypes in comparison with controls. …

August 22, 2022, The Daily Mississippian

Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues)

No abstract provided.

Association Between Antidepressant Use And Ed Or Hospital Visits In Outpatients With Sars-Cov-2, Bradley A Fritz, Nicolas Hoertel, Eric J Lenze, Farid Jalali, Angela M Reiersen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Antidepressants have previously been associated with better outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, but their effect on clinical deterioration among ambulatory patients has not been fully explored. The objective of this study was to assess whether antidepressant exposure was associated with reduced emergency department (ED) or hospital visits among ambulatory patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This retrospective cohort study included adult patients (N = 25 034) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test performed in a non-hospital setting. Logistic regression analyses tested associations between home use of antidepressant medications and a composite outcome of ED visitation or hospital admission within 30 days. Secondary …

High-Resolution Imaging Of Protein Secretion At The Single-Cell Level Using Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorodot Assay, Anushree Seth, Ekansh Mittal, Jingyi Luan, Samhitha Kolla, Monty B Mazer, Hemant Joshi, Rohit Gupta, Priya Rathi, Zheyu Wang, Jeremiah J Morrissey, Joel D Ernst, Cynthia Portal-Celhay, Sharon Celeste Morley, Jennifer A Philips, Srikanth Singamaneni

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Secreted proteins mediate essential physiological processes. With conventional assays, it is challenging to map the spatial distribution of proteins secreted by single cells, to study cell-to-cell heterogeneity in secretion, or to detect proteins of low abundance or incipient secretion. Here, we introduce the "FluoroDOT assay," which uses an ultrabright nanoparticle plasmonic-fluor that enables high-resolution imaging of protein secretion. We find that plasmonic-fluors are 16,000-fold brighter, with nearly 30-fold higher signal-to-noise compared with conventional fluorescence labels. We demonstrate high-resolution imaging of different secreted cytokines in the single-plexed and spectrally multiplexed FluoroDOT assay that revealed cellular heterogeneity in secretion of multiple proteins …

Antidepressant Prescribing For Adult People With An Intellectual Disability Living In England, David Branford, Rohit Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

The prescribing of psychotropic medications for people with an intellectual disability has changed. In many locations across England, antidepressants have become the most widely prescribed psychotropic. In the context of the current NHS England STOMP programme to reduce inappropriate psychotropic prescribing for people with intellectual disability, there is an urgent need to understand whether this change reflects evidence-based use of the medications involved. There has been little analysis into the benefits or problems associated with the change and whether it is of concern. This paper offers a variety of possible explanations and opportunities to improve clinical practice and policy.

It’S Not You, It’S Me: A Review Of Individual Differences In Visuo-Spatial Perspective Taking., S Samuel, G Cole, M Eacott

School of Psychology

Visuo-spatial perspective taking (VSPT) concerns the ability to understand something about the visual relationship between an Agent or observation point on the one hand, and a target or scene on the other. Despite its importance to a wide variety of other abilities, from communication to navigation, and decades of research, there is as yet no theory of VSPT. Indeed, the heterogeneity of results from different (and sometimes the same) VSPT tasks point to a complex picture suggestive of multiple VSPT strategies, individual differences in performance, and context-specific factors that together have a bearing on both the efficiency and accuracy of …

Machine Learning Techniques To Facilitate Wi-Fi Network Selection And Path Management, Indermeet Gandhi, Jerome Henry, Robert Barton, Pascal Thubert

Defensive Publications Series

Wi-Fi® 8 envisions machine learning (ML) -based techniques (among others) to provide better predictability to the Wi-Fi experience. Presented herein are techniques that can be utilized to compute and display such W-Fi experience prediction, which can enable users to know which spot in a given location (e.g., a bar, restaurant, food court, airport, etc.) may provide the best Wi-Fi coverage for their application needs.

Process For The Preparation Of 3-Cyano-4-Isobutoxybenzothiamide, Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, Muppa Kishore Kumar, Mummadi Venkatesh And Anugu Praneeth Kumar; R&D Center, Msn Laboratories Private Limited; Hyderabad, India.

Defensive Publications Series

The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of 3-cyano-4-isobutoxybenzothiamide which is used as the key starting material of Febuxostat and the compound is represented by the following structural formula-1.

Formula-1.

مستويات الفَهْم القرائيِّ لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا في كلية التربية بجامعة الملك فيصل. Levels Of Reading Comprehension Among Graduate Students In The College Of Education At King Faisal University, إيمان عبد العزيز الدوغان

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Education and Psychology

سعى البحث إلى تعرُّف مستويات الفَهْم القرائيِّ اللازمِ توافرُها لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا في كلية التربية بجامعة الملك فيصل، وتحديدِ درجة توافرها، وتحديد إن كان ثَمَّةَ فروقٌ ذاتٌ دلالة إحصائية بين متوسِّطات مستويات الفَهْم القرائيِّ لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا في كلية التربية تُعْزى لمتغيِّر التخصُّص، ولمتغيِّر سنوات الخبرة باستخدام المنهج الوصفيِّ المسحيِّ، واستبانة مطبَّقة على عيِّنة مكوَّنة من (154) طالبًا وطالبة من طلبة الدراسات العليا بالكلية، بنسبة 20% من مجتمع الدراسة المكوَّن من (773) من الطلبة المنتظِمين في (7) أقسام بالكلية، ومن خلال استخدام برنامج التحليل الإحصائيِّ SPSSتمَّ استخراج المتوسِّطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية، وبتحليل التبيان الأُحاديِّ لبيان الفروق بين المتوسِّطات …

اللغة العربية في المدارس الكويتية المتوسطة، مشكلات وحلول. The Arabic Language In Kuwaiti Middle Schools: Problems And Solutions, منال خليل سبتي جمعة

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Education and Psychology

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تعرف أهم المشكلات التي تؤثر في تعليم اللغة العربية في المدارس الكويتية المتوسطة، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استخدم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واختيرت العينة بطريقة العينة العشوائية البسيطة، وتكونت من (165) معلماً ومعلمة للغة العربية، أما أداة الدراسة المستخدمة لجمع البيانات من العينة فقد كانت الاستبانة، ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة التالي:

• بلغ المتوسط العام لجميع محاور الدراسة (3.42) بدلالة لفظية مرتفعة، وهو ما يشير إلى ارتفاع درجة تأثير المشكلات التي عرضتها الدراسة على أفراد العينة من المعلمين والمعلمات في عملية تعليم اللغة العربية في المرحلة المتوسطة.

عدم وجود فروقات دالة إحصائياً بين إجابات أفراد العينة …

درجة ممارسة معلمي علوم الأرض لاستراتيجية المحاكاة وعلاقتها برفع دافعية الطلبة في المرحلة الأساسية من وجهة نظر المعلمين أنفسهم. The Degree To Which Earth Science Teachers Practice The Simulation Strategy And Its Relationship To Raising Students’ Motivation In The Basic Stage From The Teachers’ Point Of View., علي سميح الخطيب

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Education and Psychology

هدفت الدراسة إلى تعرف درجة ممارسة معلمي علوم الأرض لاستراتيجية المحاكاة في التدريس في مدارس مديرية قصبة عمان، وإلى معرفة أثر استخدام استراتيجية المحاكاة في رفع دافعية الطلبة نحو التعلم من وجهة نظر المعلمين. وقد اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي لملاءمته أغراض هذه الدراسة. وقد تكون مجتمع الدراسة من معلمي ومعلمات مبحث علوم الأرض في مدارس محافظة عمان، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (107) معلمين، طُبقت عليهم استبانة درجة ممارسة معلمي علوم الأرض لاستراتيجية المحاكاة وأثرها في رفع دافعية الطلبة في المرحلة الأساسية من وجهة نظر المعلمين أنفسهم، اشتملت على (22) فقرة من إعداد الباحث، تم التأكد من صدقها وثباتها. وقد …

مُستوى مَعرِفة معلِّمي الدراساتِ الاجتماعيّة للتعليم ما بعد الأساسي في سَلطنة عُمان بالأوبئة. The Level Of Knowledge Of Social Studies Teachers In Post-Basic Education Schools In The Sultanate Of Oman About Epidemics, سيف ناصر المعمري, رحمة علي البدوي

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Education and Psychology

هدفتِ الدراسةُ الحالية إلى تعرف مستوى معرفة معلمي الدراسات الاجتماعية للتعليم بعد الأساسي في سلطنة عُمان بالأوبئة، علاوة على كشفِ أثرِ مُتغيِّر النوعِ، والتخصص، وسنوات الخبرة، والمحافظة، ومعدل متابعة أخبار كوفيد 19، ومصادر الحصول على المعلومات الصحية خلال الجائحة، ومدى الالتزام بالإجراءات الوقائية. وظَّفت الدراسة المَنهجَ الوصفي من خلال إعدادِ اختبار معارف تكوَّن من ستة محاور، هي مفهوم الأوبئة، تاريخ الأوبئة، أسباب انتشار الأوبئة، الآثار المترتبة على انتشار الأوبئة، طرائق علاج الأوبئة، دور سلطنة عُمان في مكافحة الأوبئة. وطُبقت على عينة مكونة من (200) من مُعلِّمي الدراسات الاجتماعيَّة في سلطنة عُمان. وأظهرت النتائج أن مستوى معرفة المُعلِّمين بالأوبئة منخفض، كما …

أثر برنامج تدريبي باستخدام تمرينات الدقة في تطوير مهارتي التمرير والتصويب بالقدم للاعبي منتخب جامعة اليرموك لكرة القدم. The Effect Of Training Program Using Accuracy Exercises To Enhance Passing And Shooting Skills Among Yarmouk University Soccer Players,, راتب محمد الداود, حذيفة بصول

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Education and Psychology

هدف هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى تأثير برنامج تدريبي باستخدام تمرينات الدقة على تطوير مهارتي التمرير والتصويب بالقدم لدى لاعبي منتخب جامعة اليرموك لكرة القدم, وتم استخدام المنهج التجريبي" نظام المجموعات المتكافئة ", و تكونت عينة الدراسة من (30) لاعباً من لاعبي منتخب جامعة اليرموك غير المشاركين في دوري المحترفين الأردني, وتم اختيار العينة بالطريقة العمدية وتقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين تجريبية وضابطة بالتساوي بواقع (15) لكل مجموعة حيث خضعت المجموعة التجريبية للبرنامج التدريبي وخضعت المجموعة الضابطة للتدريب الاعتيادي. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا لأثر استخدام تمرينات الدقة لتطوير مهارتي التمرير و التصويب بالقدم لصالح الاختبار البعدي وكذلك عدم وجود فروق …

القلق من المستقبل لدى عينة من النساء العاملات المعوقات حركياً في ضوء بعض المتغيرات. Future Anxiety In A Sample Of Physically-Handicapped Working Women With Respect To Some Variables (A Field Study In Damascus Governorate), آذار عبد اللطيف

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Education and Psychology

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى دراسة القلق من المستقبل لدى المرأة العاملة المعوّقة حركياً في ضوء المتغيرات التالية (طبيعة الإعاقة-المستوى التعليمي-الوضع الاجتماعي-عدد سنوات الخدمة). انطلاقاً من أنه وبالرغم من اعتبار العديد من علماء النفس أن امتلاك الفرد /كإنسان/ لمفهوم ذات إيجابي يُعتبر حجر الأساس لتمتعه بشخصية متوازنة قادرة على مواجهة الصعاب الآتية والمرحلية والمستقّبلية، وبالتالي قادرة على التكيف ومواجهة المشكلات النفسية إلا أنه يواجه مشكلات نفسية عدة أهمها القلق من المستقبل.تألفت عينة البحث المقصودة من /135 امرأة عاملة معوّقة حركياً/ مع ضرورة الإشارة إلى درجة الصعوبة التي واجهت الباحث للوصول للعينة، نظراً لعدم وجود إحصاءات دقيقة لدى المؤسسات المعنية /الحكومية / …

أثر استخدام دورة التعلم المعدلة في تنمية مهارات التفكير الناقد والتحصيل في الأحياء لدى الطلبة. The Effect Of Using The Modified Learning Cycle 5 E Strategy On Students Critical Thinking Skills, And Their Biology Achievement, علي مقبل العليمات

Association of Arab Universities Journal for Education and Psychology

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استقصاء أثر إستراتيجية دورة التعلم في تنمية مهارات التفكير الناقد لدى طلبة الصف العاشر الأساسي في الأردن وتحصيلهم في الأحياء مقارنة بالطريقة التقليدية في تدريس الأحياء، تكون مجتمع الدراسة من (768) طالباً في الصف العاشر الأساسي في المدارس الحكومية التابعة لمديرية تربية قصبة المفرق للعام الدراسي 2010/2011، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (81) طالباً في شعبتين من شعب الصف العاشر الأساسي في مدرسة المفرق الأساسية الأولى للبنين، ووزعت هذه الشعب عشوائياً لتشكيل المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة. وقد تم تدريس المجموعة التجريبية الأولى (ن=41) باستخدام دورة التعلم المعدلة، وتم تدريس المجموعة الضابطة (ن=40) باستخدام الطريقة التقليدية.

طبقت الدراسة …