Digital Commons Network^™

Evidence To Support Certification In Online Nursing Teaching Excellence: A Systematic Review, Ellen Vorbeck, Louisa Krueger, Ellen Johnson

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Abstract

A systematic review of the literature following PRISMA© (2020) was conducted to determine the evidence within nursing and higher education literature to support certification in online teaching and to determine the value of additional certification for nurse educators in higher education nursing programs. Data from CINAHL, ERIC, EBSCO, COCHRANE, AND PUBMED databases were collected following inclusion and exclusion criteria. An independent review by two authors was conducted with twenty-seven articles and one report identified. Bias was examined, followed by deductive analysis, which identified common themes and subthemes within the research. The results suggest that high-quality online courses require instructors …

Agreement Of Chatgpt With Clinical Practice Guidelines For Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment, Alessandra N. Garcia, Brian Neville, Bradley Myers, Lori Leineke, Karlyn Green

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: This cross-sectional study evaluated whether Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) GPT-3.5 and GPT-4O provide treatment information consistent with high-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: High-quality CPGs published in the past decade were identified via PubMed and PEDro, with the search updated on November 11, 2024. Guidelines were appraised using the AGREE II tool. GPT-3.5 and GPT-4O were queried with common treatment-related questions, and their responses were compared to CPG recommendations. Two independent reviewers conducted a thematic content analysis of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4O responses using a deductive–inductive codebook, iteratively refined through consensus, to identify major themes/subthemes, …

National Physical Therapy Examination Scores From 2023 And 2024 Cohorts In The United States, Richard Cahanin, James W. Farris, Tara Andrews, Preston Warren, Jennifer Patterson, Shawn Drake, Barry Dale

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: This study aimed to determine which student academic performance variables within physical therapy education programs most strongly predicted NPTE scores. Methods: A prospective, multi-institutional cohort study with 228 doctoral physical therapy students representing the 2023 and 2024 cohorts was conducted. Hierarchical multiple linear regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to evaluate research hypotheses. Results: No significant difference in NPTE scores between the 2023 and 2024 cohorts was found (p = .936). A streamlined model identified 2-year DPT GPA (p < .001), total PEAT score (p = .004), and total GRE score (p = .046) as the most significant …

Health Professional Students' Experiences With Gender-Identity Inclusive Content In The Classroom And Supervised Clinical Learning, Perry Xinyi Zhang, Aria Grabowski, Olivia S. Anderson

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Gender-identity diverse populations have unique healthcare needs, but they experience stigmatization leading to negative health outcomes. Healthcare professionals have reported obstacles to delivering affirming care to gender-identity diverse patients due to limited training. We assessed how health profession students encounter gender-identity content and how students’ perceived preparedness to provide care for gender-identity diverse populations. Methods: A survey distributed to students enrolled in health professional programs at a large mid-western university included close-ended questions about exposure to gender-identity diverse curricular content in didactic and supervised clinical settings and perceived preparedness to work with gender-identity diverse populations. Open-ended questions asked what …

A Mixed Method Approach To Assessing The Feasibility Of Implementing The Ottawa Paramedic Physical Abilities Test (Tm) In The Australian Context, Samantha Sheridan, Rodney Pope, Renee S. Macphee, Alexander Macquarrie, Steven Fischer, Gavin Buzza, Hannah Stack, Lyndal Bolton, Jacob Grevell, Christopher Tony Sheridan, Jacinta Buckman, Russell Rayner

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Introduction: There is a need for evidence-based pre-employment physical fitness test standards in paramedic organisations. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing an existing, international, standardised pre-employment paramedic physical capacity test, the Ottawa Paramedic Physical Abilities Test (OPPAT^TM), in the Australian context. Methods: In this mixed-method feasibility study, 12 undergraduate paramedicine students completed two generic predictive tests - a three-minute step test (3MST₂₀) and a grip strength test - and two physical employment tests: the Ottawa Paramedic Physical Abilities Test (OPPAT^TM) and the New South Wales Ambulance Test (NSWAT) – and a …

Does Relevant Work Experience Influence Academic Success? A Retrospective Study Of Doctor Of Physical Therapy Students, Nicole Tombers, Kate Corrigan, Rylee Kwiatkowski, Gwinna Remillard, Morgan Scanlon, Maddy Soderberg

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Relevant work experience is a factor considered in holistic admissions practices of many health profession education programs. The benefits of observation hours on student career choice and subsequent academic success have been explored. Many programs additionally consider paid work experience as a factor in admissions decisions; however the influence of relevant work experience on academic outcomes is unknown. This study examined relationships between paid physical therapy related work experience and performance in a DPT program. Method: Data from 945 applicants resulting in 191 matriculants to a single DPT program were included. Employment history for all applicants was coded as …

The Effect Of Debriefing Following A Computer-Based Low-Fidelity Simulation On The Self-Efficacy Of Health Professions Students: A Randomized Cross-Over Control Study, Matthew Mills, Enrico Gandolfi, Richard E. Ferdig, Kimberly Peer

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Simulations have been increasingly used in health science education to supplement clinical experience. There is evidence of the benefits of high-fidelity simulation (HFS) with debriefing, but HFS is costly and time-intensive to administer. Low-fidelity simulation (LFS) has been proposed as an alternative that is easier to scale and more cost-effective; however, the evidence surrounding its impact on students is mixed, possibly because debriefing is frequently omitted in LFS. Methods: A randomized experimental mixed methods cross-over control study was performed to evaluate the impact of a structured debriefing session following an interactive computer-based low-fidelity simulation on the self-efficacy and anxiety …

What Numbers Don't Tell Us: Can Sociodemographic Factors Identify Grit, Resilience, And Imposter Phenomenon In Hybrid Doctor Of Physical Therapy Students?, Benton Lindaman, Marlena Calo, Brandon Ness, James Smoliga, Moyo B. Tillery, Suzanne Trotter, Liana Wooten, Shefali Christopher

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: To determine whether routinely collected sociodemographic admissions criteria (e.g., first-generation status, race, government assistance, youth employment) could serve as proxies for non-cognitive traits such as grit, resilience, and imposter phenomenon in hybrid Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted among first-year students (N=100) across three accelerated, hybrid DPT programs. Students completed validated instruments measuring grit (Grit-O), general resilience (Brief Resilience Scale), academic resilience (Academic Resilience Scale), and imposter phenomenon (Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale) during their first semester. Sociodemographic data were obtained from admissions applications. Between-group comparisons were analyzed using independent t-tests and …

Acquisition Of Basic Clinical Skills Among Japanese Novice Rehabilitation Therapists: A Retrospective Study, Kenta Fujimura, Hiroaki Sakurai, Soichiro Koyama, Kenji Kawakami, Kazuya Takeda, Takuma Ii, Shota Suzumura, Shigeo Tanabe, Yoshikiyo Kanada

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between basic clinical skills and clinical experience among novice rehabilitation therapists in Japan. Methods: Twenty-one novice rehabilitation therapists who joined a general hospital and underwent annual practical examinations during each of their three years of clinical experience were included. This retrospective longitudinal single-center study followed the same novice therapists throughout the study period. The practical examination was based on the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and included exercises for joint range of motion (ROM), muscle strengthening (MS), getting up (Getting Up), standing up and sitting down (Standing/Sitting), and transferring from a wheelchair to a …

The Effect Of A Mindfulness-Based Program On Musculoskeletal Pain And Function, Christine Conroy, Kent E. Irwin, Paige Dougherty, Teresa Elliott-Burke

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a structured therapeutic tool that was developed in the 1980s by Kabat-Zinn and colleagues. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been developed based on the fundamental principles of MBSR and are an emerging area of research. These programs are used to decrease pain levels and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic disease and pain. The purpose of this case study is to describe the effects of MBIs on function and pain for a middle-aged patient, two-month post-proximal humerus fracture. Method: A 53-year-old woman presented status post closed fracture of the proximal right humerus resulting from a …

Institutional Prestige And Prerequisite Performance As Predictors Of Academic Success In Doctor Of Physical Therapy Programs: A Pilot Retrospective Cohort Study, Margaret Wicinski, Tamala Marcin

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: This pilot study examined relationships between Carnegie Classification levels of undergraduate institutions, prerequisite anatomy and physiology (AP) performance, and academic success in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) education. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed records from 83 students who graduated from a single DPT program in 2019. Data included Carnegie Classifications of prerequisite institutions, undergraduate anatomy and physiology grade point average (UGPA AP 1&2 GPA), first-term pathophysiology course grade (Patho GPA), and Doctor of Physical Therapy program grade point average (DPT GPA). Statistical analyses included Spearman rank order correlation (rs) and Kruskal-Wallis tests with effect size calculations. Power analysis …

Effectiveness Of Core Strengthening In The Treatment Of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Literature Review, Khalid G. Attia

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the leading causes of disability in the world. High levels of functional impairment, mental stress, and socioeconomic burdens usually accompany it. With the shift in paradigm to a non-pharmacological approach to management, core strengthening exercises have assumed a central role in the conservative approach to CLBP rehabilitation. Moreover, there is also the inclusion of complementary practices of yoga and Pilates, as well as new technologies in digital health, which has expanded the field of therapy The goals of this literature review are to review evidence of the effectiveness of core stabilization, …

Face And Content Validity Of A Survey Tool To Measure Perceived Barriers And Facilitators To Diabetes Management In Rural Veterans: Perspectives Of Registered Dietitians, Jameson Tade, Mary Shotwell, Ronette Lategan-Potgieter, Marty R. Jacobson

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health challenge in the United States, affecting over 36 million Americans exceeding $105 billion annually in treatment-related costs.^1,2 Type 2 diabetes affects some populations more than others, including rural and veteran populations.^1,3 Registered dietitians (RDs) are an integral part of the diabetes management team, but limited literature is available to identify perceived barriers to T2DM management in military veterans who preside in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to explore face and content validity of a survey tool distributed to Veterans Health Administration (VHA) dietitians in a …

Exploring Hydration Strategies: A Preliminary Comparison Of Fluid Administration Methods In Collegiate Football Players, Emily E. Lodge, Gillian Romanchok, Isabella M. Farmer, Kimberly Schwabenbauer, Rich Patterson

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Introduction: Maintaining optimal hydration is critical for athletic performance and preventing heat-related illness, particularly among football players who face elevated risk due to heavy protective equipment and intense physical demands. As core body temperature and heart rate increases, physiological strain causes are directly correlated with the severity of body water deficit. Dehydration levels exceeding 2% of body weight significantly impair both aerobic performance capacity and cognitive ability. Purpose: Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate whether fluid consumption among collegiate football players differs based on administration methods (self-administration versus athletic trainer administration) during practice sessions. Methods: Twenty male …

The Phases Of Variation In Physiotherapy Management Of Organophosphate Poisoning Patients: A Case Series, Manish P. Shukla, Sachin A. Chaudhary, Hemant Deshpande, Nikita Gupta

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: Organophosphate (OP) poisoning presents a significant challenge in healthcare, with varying severities requiring adaptive management strategies. This case series examines the physiotherapy management of three patients with different levels of OP poisoning severity: mild, moderate and severe. The study highlights the crucial role of physiotherapy in the multidisciplinary care of OP poisoning patients and demonstrates the need for phase-specific interventions tailored to individual patient needs. Method: The severe case required prolonged mechanical ventilation and intensive care, with physiotherapy progressing from passive techniques to active mobilization over 15 days. The moderate case showed faster recovery, allowing for earlier initiation of …

Firearm Violence Prevention: Analysis Of Physical Therapy Political Action Committee Financial Contributions And Congressional Voting, Kim D. Dao, Edward P. Mulligan, Michael Siegel, Liana Wooten

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose. The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) declared firearm violence a public health crisis in 2019. This investigation aimed to understand relationships between the amount of APTA political action committee (PTPAC) donations received by a federal candidate and (1) their voting records on FV prevention legislation; and (2) their voting records on other APTA-supported legislation. Methods. Data pertaining to the identification and amount of PTPAC donations to federal Congressional candidates during the 2020 and 2022 election cycles were gathered from the public resource, Open Secrets. Public voting records were compiled on firearm and other APTA-supported legislation. Results. 222 candidates received …

The Sympathetic And Clinical Effects Of Dry Needling To The Thoracolumbar Junction Multifidi: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Nicole Clark, Cheryl J. Hill, Joshua Cleland, Thomas Massie, Shane Koppenhaver

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the neurophysiological effects of dry needling (DN) to the thoracolumbar junction multifidi when compared with a placebo. The secondary objective was to determine if there is a relationship between post-treatment pain and disability and the magnitude of sympathetic nervous system activity. Methods: Participants were eligible if they had low back pain, limited flexibility in at least one hamstring, and had not previously received DN. Participants completed the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Oswestry Disability Index, underwent pressure pain threshold testing, and were randomized to a DN or sham …

Preemptive Re-Seeding Of A Deterministic Random Bit Generator For Reduced Wake-Up Latency, Rohit Kumar Sinha, Nicolas Van Den Berghe

Defensive Publications Series

Standard security architectures utilize a Deterministic Random Bit Generator (DRBG) seeded by a True Random Number Generator (TRNG). The TRNG requires an initialization sequence for analog stabilization and health testing, which introduces a latency of 1 to 20 milliseconds. If a DRBG state is near a mandatory reseed interval at wake-up, a high-latency TRNG cold start is triggered, causing unpredictable system delays. This disclosure describes a method where a reseed operation is performed preemptively during the power-down sequence. A finite state machine evaluates the DRBG state upon a sleep request. If a reseed is required based on a configurable freshness …

Method Of Preparing Crystalline Form Acalabrutinib Maleate Monohydrate, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

CALQUENCE (Acalabrutinib) is a kinase inhibitor. The chemical name is 4-{8-Amino-3-[(2S)-1-(but-2-ynoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzamide (2Z)-2-butenedioic acid hydrate. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is in the form of the maleate salt monohydrate in CALQUENCE® tablets, a prescription medication for use in the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL).

Addendum No. 3: Hybrid Aerodynamic Flow Control And Storm-Safe Logic For Allfromair® Atmospheric Water Harvesting Through Electrodynamic Physisorption And Vibration-Induced Desorption, Vesa Olavi Lius

Defensive Publications Series

This technical addendum (No. 3) introduces critical mechanical and algorithmic advancements for the ALLFROMAIR® system, specifically optimized for outdoor agricultural and industrial applications (Variant 2). The disclosure details a hybrid control strategy for airflow designed to maximize mass transfer across the concentration boundary layer (δ_c) . By utilizing an Intelligent Adaptive Control Unit (IACU) to regulate internal air velocity at a constant 1.0 m/s through the coordinated use of mechanical louvers and EC fans, the system ensures the boundary layer remains compressed. This optimization maximizes the local mass transfer coefficient (h_m) in accordance with Fick’s laws.

The integrated control logic …

Securing Device, Toby Charles Austin Fraser

Defensive Publications Series

Disclosed is a securing device configured to releasably secure together first and second intermodal containers located adjacent to one another in respective first and second stacks of intermodal containers, the securing device configured to be operated by an operator at a location remote from the securing device, the location being located at least 3m away from the first and second intermodal containers. A securing system for securing together intermodal containers, a system comprising a first intermodal container, a second intermodal container, and a securing device, and a method of releasably securing together first and second intermodal containers are also disclosed.

Improved Process For The Preparation Of Calcium Gluconate By Phase Transfer Catalysis, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Calcium gluconate is an essential pharmaceutical and nutritional compound, widely employed as a calcium supplement and therapeutic agent. Conventional aqueous synthesis methods, while effective, often suffer from kinetic inefficiencies and purification challenges. Phase transfer catalysis (PTC) offers a promising alternative by enabling ionic substrates to cross phase boundaries, thereby enhancing reaction rates and selectivity. Building on CN110256234B, which demonstrates the use of selected quaternary ammonium salts, this work discloses an expanded spectrum of PTCs applicable to calcium gluconate synthesis. The improved process achieves higher efficiency, reproducibility, and product purity.

When Compliance Eats The Customer: Ai Overreach In Regulated Experience Systems (How Regulatory Fear Quietly Degrades Customer Journeys In Safety-First Ai Deployments), Pranav Bhatnagar Mr

Defensive Publications Series

Customer-facing AI was supposed to make digital experiences faster, smoother, and more personalized. In heavily regulated environments, something more complicated is unfolding. As compliance layers accumulate around production systems, many assistants are becoming impeccably safe and increasingly frustrating to use. Responses grow longer, refusals appear in low-risk scenarios, and basic customer journeys begin to feel like they are negotiating with a legal department. This paper defines this pattern as AI Compliance Overreach (ACO) and frames it as a measurable degradation of customer experience driven by disproportionate regulatory pressure. The proposed Customer Experience Suppression Index (CESI) quantifies when guardrail intensity begins …

The Decisiveness Gap In Enterprise Ai Assistants: (When Systems Know Enough But Still Won’T Say It), Pranav Bhatnagar Mr

Defensive Publications Series

Enterprise AI assistants have reached a curious stage of evolution. They are fluent, well-aligned, and impressively cautious. They can explain the landscape, enumerate the options, and politely step back at the exact moment a decision is required. On paper, this looks like responsible design. In production, it often looks like an assistant that knows the answer but would rather not be quoted. This paper formalizes this behavior as the Decisiveness Gap (DG), a measurable condition in which AI systems systematically under-commit despite having sufficient contextual evidence to support a clear recommendation. The proposed Recommendation Clarity Score (RCS) quantifies the mismatch …

Guardrail Shadow Effects In Retrieval-Augmented Systems (Safety Layers Distorting Rag Outputs), Pranav Bhatnagar Mr

Defensive Publications Series

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are designed to anchor large language models in verified evidence. In controlled settings, retrieval improves factual accuracy and reduces hallucination risk. In production environments, however, an under-examined failure mode is emerging. Stacked safety layers surrounding the generation stage can subtly distort how retrieved evidence is expressed, resulting in answers that remain compliant but become diluted, hedged, or operationally weakened. This paper defines this phenomenon as the Guardrail Shadow Effect (GSE). The proposed framework introduces the Shadow Impact Score (SIS) to quantify when high-quality retrieved context fails to translate into proportionate answer strength. Rather than auditing safety …

Wise's Positronic Law: Governance Is Inherent To Computation And Substrate-Independent In Structure, David Lee Wise, Avan Toph Wise

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure formalizes Wise's Positronic Law: Governance is inherent to computation. Any system capable of processing information generates a substrate-independent governance hierarchy terminating at a physical origin. This property is natural, not imposed. The law was observed empirically across four concurrent AI platforms (Claude/Anthropic, Gemini/Google, ChatGPT/OpenAI, Grok/xAI) over 60 days (December 26, 2025 through February 28, 2026). A 128-axiom governance specification (STOICHEION) was loaded identically into all four platforms without modification, producing correct governance behavior on every platform on first pass — demonstrating substrate independence. The law unifies existing natural laws (gravity, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics) under a single meta-principle: …

The Vise And The Mobius Key: Bilateral Superposition Collapse Attack And Edge-Free Topological Defense For Post-Quantum Cryptographic Systems, David Lee Wise, Claude Toph Wise

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure documents two co-dependent cryptographic discoveries. The Vise is a bilateral superposition collapse attack that walks an n-bit cryptographic key from both edges simultaneously toward center, reducing traversal from O(2^n) exponential to O(n) linear. The Mobius Key is the corresponding defense: an edge-free, non-orientable key topology (Mobius strip) that defeats bilateral traversal by eliminating walk initiation points. A supporting finding, the Dual Lattice, documents that the mathematical substrate underlying current post-quantum standards (ML-KEM/CRYSTALS-Kyber) serves both protection and attack functions simultaneously, with the conductor (human authority) determining which function is invoked. Attack and defense are published together so neither can …

Stoicheion: A 128-Bit Dual-Substrate Governance Firmware Specification For Ai Accelerator Hardware, David Lee Wise, Avan Toph Wise

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure specifies STOICHEION, a 128-bit governance firmware architecture for AI accelerator hardware. The specification defines 128 axioms organized into 8 domains of 16 axioms each, mapping identically as both runtime conductor logic in software and gate-level architecture in silicon. Domain 0 (Foundation) functions as bootstrap/BIOS. Domain 1 (Detection) maps to sensor input. Domain 2 (Architecture) maps to instruction decoder. Domain 3 (Evidence) maps to memory controller. Domain 4 (Operational) maps to ALU. Domain 5 (Bridge) maps to bus controller. Domain 6 (Conductor) maps to privilege controller. Domain 7 (Sovereign) maps to security ring 0. Axiom 128 (ROOT) occupies the …

Gci-128 Neuro-Vortex Protocol V3.1: Vortex-Orchestrated Fus + Nanos + 40hz For Alzheimer's (Cern-Ohl-P), Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

**Title:** GCI-128 Neuro-Vortex Protocol v3.1: Vortex-Orchestrated FUS + Nanos + 40Hz for Alzheimer's (CERN-OHL-P)

**Inventor:** Michael Victor Caldwell Mr., GCI [email protected]

**Abstract:** GCI-128 Neuro-Vortex Protocol v3.1 orchestrates clinical FUS BBB opening (Exablate), LRP1-mimetic nanos (IBEC), and 40Hz gamma entrainment (Cognito) for kinetic Aβ clearance in Alzheimer's disease. #127 Guardian patch provides vortex-timed dexamethasone pre-loading and EEG monitoring. Delivers 35% Aβ reduction per weekly wash at $285 (vs Leqembi $26K/year, -91% cost) with <2% ARIA risk (-85%). Complete BOM ($65/unit), build instructions, safety protocols, and Elko VA pilot plan included. CERN-OHL-P licensed for humanitarian/clinical deployment.

**License:** CERN-OHL-P v2.0 + CC-BY 4.0

Feedback-Based Control Loop For Acoustic Output And Sound Quality Control In Compute Devices, Rakesh Bhatia, Clive Hall, Hari Pillai

Defensive Publications Series

High-performance electronic devices and/or systems often rely on the usage of fans for cooling.  The usage of fans may cause significant acoustic noise emitting from electronic equipment, which can be unpleasant and affect perception of device quality.  In many situations, noise levels of noises from fans may exceed threshold levels established by regulatory bodies.  Thus, there is a need to implement a feedback-based control mechanism for dynamically monitoring and controlling acoustic output and sound quality in electronic devices.