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Network Thermodynamics-Based Scalable Compartmental Model For Multi-Strain Epidemics, Joseph Pateras, Ashwin Vaidya, Preetam Ghosh

Department of Mathematics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

SARS-CoV-2 continues to upend human life by posing novel threats related to disease spread and mutations. Current models for the disease burden of SARS-CoV-2 consider the aggregate nature of the virus without differentiating between the potency of its multiple strains. Hence, there is a need to create a fundamental modeling framework for multi-strain viruses that considers the competing viral pathogenic pathways. Alongside the consideration that other viral pathogens may coexist, there is also a need for a generalizable modeling framework to account for multiple epidemics (i.e., multi-demics) scenarios, such as influenza and COVID-19 occurring simultaneously. We present a fundamental network …

Exploring Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening In Adults With Persistent Complaints After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Lucy Parrington, Laurie A. King, Carrie W. Hoppes, Maxwell J. Klaiman, Patrick Michielutti, Peter C. Fino, Leland E. Dibble, Mark E. Lester, Margaret M. Weightman

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to (1) explore differences in vestibular ocular motor screening (VOMS) symptoms between healthy adults and adults with persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and (2) explore the relationships between VOMS symptoms and other measures (self-reported vestibular symptoms, clinical measures of balance and gait, and higher-level motor ability tasks).

Setting:

Research laboratory setting.

Participants:

Fifty-three persons with persistent symptoms (>3 weeks) following mTBI and 57 healthy controls were recruited. Eligibility for participation included being 18 to 50 years of age and free of medical conditions that may affect balance, with the …

Religious Affairs In British Indian Governance: 1857-1905, Vivek K. Rallabandi

Student Publications

This paper examines the British government’s approach to religious affairs in British India in the late nineteenth century, positing that religion was an important factor in understanding imperial governance in the period between 1857 and 1905. Beginning with a historiography containing the works of four authors, which is followed by a brief consideration of Queen Victoria’s 1858 proclamation, the paper proceeds to consider three distinct areas, namely personal law, caste, and interfaith interactions. Some of the specific elements examined include the role of English belief in Christianity in their dealings with religion and the British policy of “divide and rule,” …

Acute Pericarditis And Acute Pleuritis/Empyema Following Submandibular Infection In A Covid-19 Positive Patient - An Autopsy Revealing The Danger Space Of The Neck, Jessica D. Anderson, Seyedalireza Fatemi, Joseph Fullmer, Ping I. Zhang

Posters

Acute pericarditis and empyema are life-threatening complications of severe odontogenic infections; reports of these findings from an autopsy perspective are rare. We report an autopsy case demonstrating infection from the mandibular molars to the pericardium and pleura in a patient following Covid-19 infection

Association Of Isolated Colitis With Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Usage, Ashbita Pokharel, Wei Li

Posters

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been known to produce various clinical gastrointestinal side-effects and histopathological changes. It has been reported that NSAIDs usage is associated with isolated colitis in periappendiceal orifice region. This study aims to further evaluate the clinicopathologic features of 16 patients with isolated colitis limited to the cecum or peri-appendiceal orifice region.

Cd30 Expression In Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas, Olabisi Afolayan-Oloye, Lili Zhao, Trilokraj Tejasvi, May P. Chan, Paul W. Harms, Douglas R. Fullen, Ryan A. Wilcox, Alexandra C. Hristov

Posters

CD30 expression has been infrequently described in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL). We examined CD30 expression in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) and CBCL and correlated expression with clinicopathologic features.

A Proposal To Distinguish SharīʿAh Commercial-Debt-Financing From Fictitious Exchanges Used As Stratagem To Overcome The Prohibition Of Ribā, Mohammed I. Al-Suhaibani

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

This paper provides some observations on the economic maxim proposed by Zarqa to distinguish financial products based on Sharīʿahhcompliant commercial debts from usury-based financing and products, along a proposal to systemize the rule in a way that excludes prohibited financial products using deceitful contracts. The paper highlights the importance of this rule in its revised form, briefly reviews Sharīʿahh-compliant commercial debt-based financial products and highlights the obvious differences between the characteristics of these and other contracts, as well as its potential role in developing the Zarqa Rule's revision. The paper then discusses the additional controls to supplement the Zarqa rule …

Economic And Shariah Considerations In Debt Financing, Abdulazeem Abozaid

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

This paper includes suggestions for minor amendments to the Zarqa’s paper, and for legal and economic analyzes of the reality of debt financing in financial institutions; regardless of their identity (i.e., Islamic, or conventional). After presenting these detailed comments on Zarqa’s research, the paper begins by answering questions raised by the journal's editorial board. Through the answers, the paper compares normal deferred payment sales, i.e., those that take place outside the spectrum of financial institutions, with usury-based financing. It then compares debt financing (via financial intermediation) in Islamic financial institutions and usury-based financing. The paper shows that direct deferred payment …

The Fiqh Maxim "Kharāj Bil-Damān" As A Key Characteristic Distinguishing Islamic Debt Financing From Ribā Financing, Hideur Nasser

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

This paper is a critical review of the research presented by Muhammad Anas Zarqa on the rule proposed by Sami Al-Suwailem to distinguish between lawful Shariah-based commercial loans and usurious loans. This subject is of utmost importance, given the ongoing debate on whether there is a true difference between the financing models proposed by Islamic banks and the usury-based loaning models used by conventional banks. Furthermore, many Muslim economists and jurists tend to question the Shariah-conformity of debt-based financing products, such as murābaha, ijārah, salam, and istisna, with the provisions of Sharia because of what they perceive to be a …

An Economic Maxim To Distinguish SharīʿAh Commercial-Debt-Financing From Ribā Financing, Muhammad Anas Zarqa

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

It would have been also correct but less clear to entitle this paper (an economic explication of the Quranic Verse “Allah has permitted trading and forbidden ribā”). A most prominent characteristic of Islam’s economic system is the prohibition of ribā while providing legitimate financing alternatives; one of which is financing integrated with sale for a deferred price. Here the seller as trader provides commercial financing that includes a profit as part of the deferred price which is a debt on the buyer. An age-old question that is still alive today is : what is the difference between debts that include …

Profit: Concept And Stipulations In Islamic Commercial Debt Financing, Fayyad Abdelmoneim Hassanein

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

The detailed fiqh rulings on financial transaction contracts, including forward sale contracts, provide the rules, controls and characteristics of permissible commercial debt financing and clearly defines the fundamental differences between it and ribā-based debt financing. fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) contains many rulings regarding debt, whether from sales in which the debt is deferred or from a loan or otherwise, the types, categories and degrees of such debts, as well as their strengths, weaknesses, and the causes for the legitimacy or invalidity of such transactions, the types of tricks in such transactions and the controls to prevent them, and how to avoid …

An Approach To Economic Rules Through The Maxims Of Fiqh, Seif El-Din Ibrahim Tag Al-Din

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

This article aims to discuss the economic rule proposed by Zarqa to help distinguish Shariah-compliant financial debts from ribā-based debts with the aim of monitoring Islamic finance that mainly benefits Shariah-compliant debts. The article focuses on two main questions: (1) to what extent the Zarqa rule achieves the purpose for which it was designed and (2) whether or not Islamic finance needs other economic rules to better contain it in terms of economic performance, Shari'ah compliance and financial quality. This article highlights some aspects of Zarqa's proposed rule that need to be examined more closely and concludes by proposing an …

Scientific Review Of A Book "Ways Of Protecting Endowment Assets (The General Secretariat Of Endowments In The State Of Kuwait As A Model)" Issa Soufan Qaddoumi, 2021, Basheer Hizam Mahdi

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics

This paper presents a scientific review of the publication "Ways of Protecting Waqf Assets: The General Secretariat of Endowments in the State of Kuwait (GSSK) as a Model," authored by Isa Soufan Al-Qaddoumi and published in 2021 by GSSK. This book aims to compile past and present methods of protecting waqf assets from loss and neglect, with examples drawn from the experience of Kuwait's General Secretariat of Awqaf. This review discusses some of the book's features and criticisms, as well as a range of questions for discussion, with a focus on the questions for discussion, as well as a number …

Dialogue Concerning The Existence And Nature Of God, Theodore J. Szpakowski

Student Publications

This fictional work is based on Euthyphro by Plato and Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion by David Hume. It mimics the dialogue style of these authors and places Socrates, Cleanthes, and Philo at Gettysburg College to discuss the existence and nature of God along with the author, a Gettysburg College student. In doing so, it shows how the questions asked by Plato and Hume are relevant today.

Homer Rosenberger: Learning Beyond The Classroom, Theodore J. Szpakowski

Student Publications

Homer Rosenberger, a Pennsylvania historian, cared deeply about sharing information. He collected books and articles on the history of PA, as well as meeting minutes for the many societies he participated in. All of this material is now stored in boxes available at Musselman Library in Gettysburg, PA. This paper is a combination of research and reflection on the experience of working with the Rosenberger collection, specifically a box that deals primarily with correspondence learning and public history.

Unlocking Rosenberger's Research, Victoria N. Ramsay

Student Publications

Homer Rosenberger's unprocessed collection lies in Musselman Library's Special Collections--a multitude of boxes filled with Pennsylvania research and memorabilia. By examining the first box in the collection, it becomes clear that Rosenberger was more than just an avid researcher, but also a man with his own history and reasons for collecting these documents in the first place.

The Effects Of Social Globalization On Access To Abortion, Dallas M. Hardee

Student Publications

What effect does social globalization have on access to legal abortion? I contend that social globalization positively influences access to legal abortion. This is because mechanisms of social globalization such as gender parity, internet access, freedom of the press, and civil liberties all have a significant effect on access to abortion. Therefore, as countries become more socially globalized, access to legal abortion will increase. Using cross-national time-series data for the period 1997-2011, I test the relationship between social globalization and access to legal abortion. I find support for the hypothesized relationship. In light of the state of abortion rights around …

Alzheimer's Disease, Dylan L. Weber

Student Publications

An overview of the background, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

Age Related Macular Degeneration, Kathryn J. Hopsicker

Student Publications

This paper is a literature review on the subject Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) with a focus on its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. AMD is the leading cause of severe and irreversible central vision loss in in individuals over the age of 55. There are two subtypes of AMD referred to as dry and wet respectively. The etiology of this disease is multifactorial and complex, with no hallmark of disease definitively identified. The distinct pathophysiological features differing in dry and wet AMD are explored in this review as well as its diagnosis and treatment. This disease is …

Complacency And Conformity: The Female Experience At Gettysburg College, 1956-1966, Greer Garver, Emily B. Suter

Student Publications

Women at Gettysburg College from 1956-66 received unequal treatment at a predominantly male school. Despite the 1960s being seen as a time of radical change, the majority of women on campus were content with the rules and social norms which held them in place. Changes and complaints were not widespread or outspoken, but they did exist in organizations such as the Women’s Student Government Association. Examinations of campus policies, dress codes, and dorm regulations illustrate the different standards men and women were held to on campus. Meanwhile Greek life, beauty contests, athletics and first hand accounts of social life reveal …

Framing Of Latinx Vote Choice And Voter Registration, Laurel E. Bennett

Student Publications

This work investigates media framing done by CNN between the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. Although Latinx voters remain underrepresented and under researched, they have the ability to highly influence elections. Specifically, CNN uses the sleeping giant frame, the need for Latinx voter registration as a frame, and the importance of Latinx voter mobilization as a frame in the 2020 presidential election more prominently than in the 2016 presidential election upon consideration of Latinx vote choice and voter turnout.

Co-Education And Collaboration: Women At Gettysburg From 1945-1955, Olivia N. Taylor, Mckenna C. White

Student Publications

Women studying at Gettysburg College in the years following World War II (from 1945 to 1955) were given many freedoms and opportunities not previously experienced by female students of the college. The inclusion of sororities and co-educational social clubs open to both men and women expanded the social lives of female students at Gettysburg. Meanwhile, the dormitory environment and intramural sports teams helped women at Gettysburg create a sense of community through healthy competition. With all of these new social, academic, and extracurricular opportunities, there were still setbacks for women. Rules dictated how a woman could dress in certain settings …

The Relationship Between Women In Parliament And Globalization, Lilian A. Morrell

Student Publications

I examine the relationship between women in national parliaments and globalization. Existing scholarship has thoroughly examined how globalization affects women’s representation but there is a distinct lack of research examining the obverse relationship. I seek to examine whether the saturation of women in the legislature has a significant impact on the level of globalization within a given nation and, more specifically, whether a curvilinear relationship exists between these two variables. I hypothesize that there exists a significant relationship of a concave nature, with parliaments that have no or a small percentage of women exhibiting low levels of globalization and globalization …

Academic And Intellectual Life For Gettysburg College Women, 1960-1980, Theodore J. Szpakowski

Student Publications

The women of Gettysburg College, students and faculty, faced unique barriers in their academic life from 1960 to 1980. The college was making curricular and calendar changes to benefit all students, women, but was slower to fix the inequities facing women. First, women had a harder time getting into Gettysburg College, due to a 2:1 sex ratio in admissions that required women to have higher qualifications than their male counterpoints. Some women also struggled to convince family members that college mattered to them rather than just being an expensive way to acquire a marriage match. Once there, women were expected …

Struggles And Successes In Accessing Art, Theodore J. Szpakowski

Student Publications

According to the 2021 American Community Survey, 13% of Americans self-reported being disabled. That is over 42 million people. Many of have the same interest in attending art museums and galleries as non-disabled Americans, but face additional barriers. It is critical for art museums and galleries to recognize these barriers and take steps to reduce them. Several large art museums have begun innovative programs that can provide an example of what an art space with the time, staffing, and resources can achieve. Although accessibility requires a plethora of considerations to be done properly, museums and galleries have shown incredible progress …

"Rhapsody Of Agonizing Contemplations On An Autumn Night" And "​​The Torment Of Lady Daffodil"（〈秋夕怨思賦〉與〈水仙怨〉）, Xiao-Yu Chen

Student Publications

“A spirit of extreme magnitude and fortitude that spreads passionately and boldly.” — Dr. Pu Yi-Nan, poet, scholar, and Professor at the Department of Chinese Literature of Tamkang University in Taiwan on the publications by Rivolia Chen Xiao-Yu’s that he has read 「浩氣慷慨。」 ——臺灣淡江大學中文系教師、詩人、學者普公義南，評其所閱陳瀟玉已刊之作

State Capitalism’S Inability To Alter The Global Power Structure, Michael R. Woods

Student Publications

In the modern day, many nations have instituted State Capitalist policies to grow their economies and increase their international influence. To evaluate the efficacy of this strategy, this paper analyzes the historical impacts of State Capitalism, as well as its effects upon economic concepts, including competition and innovation. This work also analyzes the ways in which State Capitalist policies have negatively impacted the international reputations of nations such as Russia and China and explores the specific national characteristics and circumstances that are required to truly alter the global power structure. Ultimately, the work concludes that state capitalism is unlikely to …

The Effects Of Economic Globalization On Voter Turnout, Patrick L. Mahoney

Student Publications

Over the last 30 years, voter turnout, which is often considered to be an important sign of the vitality of a democracy, has been decreasing throughout the world. Traditional factors that drive voter turnout have not dramatically changed within the same period, suggesting that another factor is potentially at play. I contend that globalization, specifically economic globalization, has played a significant role in driving down voter turnout in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. First, economic globalization limits national autonomy in areas of economic policy by constraining national policymakers in their ability to implement substantive policy change. Second, as …

Existentialism And Social Meaning: The Development Of A Social Being, John R. Swartz

Student Publications

Individuals are defined by their beliefs. A tension exists in the development of personhood between the concepts of individually chosen existential meaning, and societally imposed social meaning. The essay explores these concepts and how an individuals is to navigate a world of meaning. Ultimately, the creation of art is examined as a means of creating new meaning individually and societally.

How Do You Vote? Breaking Down Party Identification By Racial Resentment, Stellarose B. Emery

Student Publications

Racial resentment has long existed in the United States, with the idea that Black people receive unfair advantages by exploiting their race thus negatively affecting White people. In a time in which politics is drastically polarized, a focus is put onto an individual's political identity. The purpose of this research is to determine under what conditions does race influence vote choice by examining how racial bias influences political affiliation. Using data from the 2012 and 2016 National Election Study, the results revealed that ideological thoughts do have an impact on a person’s political party identity as individuals with a higher …