Digital Commons Network^™

Co-Education And Collaboration: Women At Gettysburg From 1945-1955, Olivia N. Taylor, Mckenna C. White

Student Publications

Women studying at Gettysburg College in the years following World War II (from 1945 to 1955) were given many freedoms and opportunities not previously experienced by female students of the college. The inclusion of sororities and co-educational social clubs open to both men and women expanded the social lives of female students at Gettysburg. Meanwhile, the dormitory environment and intramural sports teams helped women at Gettysburg create a sense of community through healthy competition. With all of these new social, academic, and extracurricular opportunities, there were still setbacks for women. Rules dictated how a woman could dress in certain settings …

The Relationship Between Women In Parliament And Globalization, Lilian A. Morrell

Student Publications

I examine the relationship between women in national parliaments and globalization. Existing scholarship has thoroughly examined how globalization affects women’s representation but there is a distinct lack of research examining the obverse relationship. I seek to examine whether the saturation of women in the legislature has a significant impact on the level of globalization within a given nation and, more specifically, whether a curvilinear relationship exists between these two variables. I hypothesize that there exists a significant relationship of a concave nature, with parliaments that have no or a small percentage of women exhibiting low levels of globalization and globalization …

Academic And Intellectual Life For Gettysburg College Women, 1960-1980, Theodore J. Szpakowski

Student Publications

The women of Gettysburg College, students and faculty, faced unique barriers in their academic life from 1960 to 1980. The college was making curricular and calendar changes to benefit all students, women, but was slower to fix the inequities facing women. First, women had a harder time getting into Gettysburg College, due to a 2:1 sex ratio in admissions that required women to have higher qualifications than their male counterpoints. Some women also struggled to convince family members that college mattered to them rather than just being an expensive way to acquire a marriage match. Once there, women were expected …

Struggles And Successes In Accessing Art, Theodore J. Szpakowski

Student Publications

According to the 2021 American Community Survey, 13% of Americans self-reported being disabled. That is over 42 million people. Many of have the same interest in attending art museums and galleries as non-disabled Americans, but face additional barriers. It is critical for art museums and galleries to recognize these barriers and take steps to reduce them. Several large art museums have begun innovative programs that can provide an example of what an art space with the time, staffing, and resources can achieve. Although accessibility requires a plethora of considerations to be done properly, museums and galleries have shown incredible progress …

"Rhapsody Of Agonizing Contemplations On An Autumn Night" And "​​The Torment Of Lady Daffodil"（〈秋夕怨思賦〉與〈水仙怨〉）, Xiao-Yu Chen

Student Publications

“A spirit of extreme magnitude and fortitude that spreads passionately and boldly.” — Dr. Pu Yi-Nan, poet, scholar, and Professor at the Department of Chinese Literature of Tamkang University in Taiwan on the publications by Rivolia Chen Xiao-Yu’s that he has read 「浩氣慷慨。」 ——臺灣淡江大學中文系教師、詩人、學者普公義南，評其所閱陳瀟玉已刊之作

State Capitalism’S Inability To Alter The Global Power Structure, Michael R. Woods

Student Publications

In the modern day, many nations have instituted State Capitalist policies to grow their economies and increase their international influence. To evaluate the efficacy of this strategy, this paper analyzes the historical impacts of State Capitalism, as well as its effects upon economic concepts, including competition and innovation. This work also analyzes the ways in which State Capitalist policies have negatively impacted the international reputations of nations such as Russia and China and explores the specific national characteristics and circumstances that are required to truly alter the global power structure. Ultimately, the work concludes that state capitalism is unlikely to …

The Effects Of Economic Globalization On Voter Turnout, Patrick L. Mahoney

Student Publications

Over the last 30 years, voter turnout, which is often considered to be an important sign of the vitality of a democracy, has been decreasing throughout the world. Traditional factors that drive voter turnout have not dramatically changed within the same period, suggesting that another factor is potentially at play. I contend that globalization, specifically economic globalization, has played a significant role in driving down voter turnout in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. First, economic globalization limits national autonomy in areas of economic policy by constraining national policymakers in their ability to implement substantive policy change. Second, as …

Existentialism And Social Meaning: The Development Of A Social Being, John R. Swartz

Student Publications

Individuals are defined by their beliefs. A tension exists in the development of personhood between the concepts of individually chosen existential meaning, and societally imposed social meaning. The essay explores these concepts and how an individuals is to navigate a world of meaning. Ultimately, the creation of art is examined as a means of creating new meaning individually and societally.

How Do You Vote? Breaking Down Party Identification By Racial Resentment, Stellarose B. Emery

Student Publications

Racial resentment has long existed in the United States, with the idea that Black people receive unfair advantages by exploiting their race thus negatively affecting White people. In a time in which politics is drastically polarized, a focus is put onto an individual's political identity. The purpose of this research is to determine under what conditions does race influence vote choice by examining how racial bias influences political affiliation. Using data from the 2012 and 2016 National Election Study, the results revealed that ideological thoughts do have an impact on a person’s political party identity as individuals with a higher …

The American Soldier: The Contested Existence Of The Continental Army, Alexander M. Remington

Student Publications

In the modern United States, the military is respected and honored by the public and military leaders alike. However, during the American Revolution, society was not yet convinced that having a standing army was necessary or beneficial to the Republic. The Continental Army was heavily contested during the war and conflicted with the civilians and its commanders alike. This paper follows the trend of other social histories by investigating just how these conflicts played out and how the common soldier navigated them.

Political Trust: Nature Or Nurture, Kahlan R. Canty

Student Publications

This paper looked into the relationship between political trust, demographics (race and gender), and presidential election votes for 2012 and 2016. The purpose of this research was to see the baseline feelings of political trust in different demographics, as well as how those feelings of political trust changed depending on if they voted for in the winning candidate in the presidential election. Preliminary research has already been conducted on both of these topics; however, in this paper I sought to examine if an individual's race or gender affected the extent of a person's loss or gain in political trust when …

Homer Rosenberger: Learning Beyond The Classroom, Theodore J. Szpakowski

Student Publications

Homer Rosenberger, a Pennsylvania historian, cared deeply about sharing information. He collected books and articles on the history of PA, as well as meeting minutes for the many societies he participated in. All of this material is now stored in boxes available at Musselman Library in Gettysburg, PA. This paper is a combination of research and reflection on the experience of working with the Rosenberger collection, specifically a box that deals primarily with correspondence learning and public history.

Unlocking Rosenberger's Research, Victoria N. Ramsay

Student Publications

Homer Rosenberger's unprocessed collection lies in Musselman Library's Special Collections--a multitude of boxes filled with Pennsylvania research and memorabilia. By examining the first box in the collection, it becomes clear that Rosenberger was more than just an avid researcher, but also a man with his own history and reasons for collecting these documents in the first place.

Alzheimer's Disease, Dylan L. Weber

Student Publications

An overview of the background, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

Exposure To Violence As An Environmental Pathway Linking Low Socioeconomic Status With Altered Neural Processing Of Threat And Adolescent Psychopathology, David G. Weissman, Maya L. Rosen, Natalie L. Colich, Kelly A. Sambrook, Liliana J. Lengua, Margaret A. Sheridan, Katie A. Mclaughlin

Neuroscience: Faculty Publications

Low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased risk for psychopathology, in part because of heightened exposure to environmental adversity. Adverse experiences can be characterized along dimensions, including threat and deprivation, that contribute to psychopathology via distinct mechanisms. The current study investigated a neural mechanism through which threat and deprivation may contribute to socioeconomic disparities in psychopathology. Participants were 177 youths (83 girls) aged 10–13 years recruited from a cohort followed since the age of 3 years. SES was assessed using the income-to-needs ratio at the age of 3 years. At the age of 10–13 years, retrospective and current …

Predation Strongly Limits Demography Of A Keystone Migratory Herbivore In A Recovering Transfrontier Ecosystem, Fred Watson, Matthew S. Becker, Daan Smit, Egil Droge, Teddy Mukula, Sandra Martens, Shadrach Mwaba, David Christianson, Scott Creel, Angela Brennan, Jassiel M'Soka, Angela Gaylard, Chuma Simukonda, Moses Nyirenda, Bridget Mayani

AES Faculty Publications and Presentations

Large herbivore migrations are imperiled globally; however the factors limiting a population across its migratory range are typically poorly understood. Zambia's Greater Liuwa Ecosystem (GLE) contains one of the largest remaining blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus taurinus) migrations, yet the population structure, vital rates, and limiting factors are virtually unknown. We conducted a long-term demographic study of GLE wildebeest from 2012 to 2019 of 107 collared adult females and their calves, 7352 herd observations, 12 aerial population surveys, and concurrent carnivore studies. We applied methods of vital rate estimation and survival analysis within a Bayesian estimation framework. From herd …

Estimating Natural Background Water Quality In California Rivers, Emma A. Debasitis

AES Theses

Water chemistry affects organisms at all levels of the food web in aquatic habitats. Water quality alteration from natural conditions can seriously degrade habitat quality, human health, and the survival rate of native species. Estimating background (i.e., historic or baseline) water quality of impaired streams can be difficult due to the effects of anthropogenic involvement in aquatic systems over decades to centuries. The ability to model natural background water quality levels would aid in overall stream management. The natural background predictions provided by a model would allow for increased understanding of stream condition and would allow us to determine the …

Developing A Molecular Diet Analysis, And Characterizing The Intestinal Microbiota Of Wild Juvenile Coastal Rainbow Trout/Steelhead In California, Bryan Van Orman

AES Theses

The collection of feces from awake or anesthetized individuals is often less invasive, less time-consuming for samplers, requires fewer sampling supplies, and is more scalable than many traditional techniques when studying living organisms. To improve best practices, we investigate DNA metabarcoding as a technique for producing diet information from juvenile rainbow trout/steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feces. DNA metabarcoding may be more sensitive for prey detection and return higher taxonomic resolution for characterizing the diverse diet of this special status species. We tested universal primer pairs targeting short segments of the cytochrome c oxidase I region of the mitochondrial genome. …

Accounting For R&D: Evidence And Implications*, Thomas G. Canace, Scott Jackson

Faculty Publications

Accounting rules require that certain R&D expenditures be capitalized, but academic research often states that all R&D expenditures must be immediately expensed. An accurate understanding of actual R&D accounting practices is critical because that understanding influences research questions and design choices. To examine the competing R&D accounting perspectives, we survey 184 experienced financial officers. Our survey reveals that R&D capitalization is common and extensive in practice. Over 90% of respondents indicate that their firm capitalizes at least some R&D expenditures, and our evidence shows that about 22% of annual R&D expenditures are capitalized. When facing an earnings shortfall, respondents indicate …

The Putrefaction Of Digital Scholarship: How Link Rot Impacts The Integrity Of Scholarly Publishing, Marshal A, Miller

Doctor of Education (Ed.D)

Research sits at the core of scholarship. The integrity of that research allows fields of study to grow and build upon one another to form the foundation for and extension of human knowledge. In the last 10 years, a new phenomenon has occurred as digital scholarship has become more prolific. This phenomenon is called link rot. Link rot occurs when over time, digital resources become inaccessible because their originally cited location has been relocated or become permanently unavailable. This study examined the extent to which link rot has affected scholarly research and how it might affect the future of digital …

The Effects Of Social Globalization On Access To Abortion, Dallas M. Hardee

Student Publications

What effect does social globalization have on access to legal abortion? I contend that social globalization positively influences access to legal abortion. This is because mechanisms of social globalization such as gender parity, internet access, freedom of the press, and civil liberties all have a significant effect on access to abortion. Therefore, as countries become more socially globalized, access to legal abortion will increase. Using cross-national time-series data for the period 1997-2011, I test the relationship between social globalization and access to legal abortion. I find support for the hypothesized relationship. In light of the state of abortion rights around …

Gerontic Evangelism, Yakubu Jakada

Great Commission Research Journal

Gerontic Evangelism focuses on sharing the gospel with senior adults. Many evangelism ministries are focusing on children, youth, women, and other adult members of society, but few focus on the elderly. Senior adults in most cases are not seen as a peculiar group that needs to be strategically reached with the gospel. Their importance in society and their growing population worldwide should attract the attention of evangelists and missionaries to target them as a special group for gospel witness. This paper argues that winning the senior adults to Christ is a necessity and may open doors for the evangelization and …

Book Review: Defending Shame: Its Formative Power In Paul’S Letters By Te-Li Lau, Yi-Sang Patrick Chan

Great Commission Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Kenyon Collegiate - October 2022

Kenyon Collegiate

No abstract provided.

Quantifying Aggravated Threats To Stormwater Management Ponds By Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge And Inundation Under Climate Change Scenarios, Hongyuan Zhang, Dongliang Shen, Shaowu Bao, Leonard Pietrafesa, Paul T. Gayes, Hamed Majidzadeh

Marine Science

Stormwater management ponds (SMPs) protect coastal communities from flooding caused by heavy rainfall and runoff. If the SMPs are submerged under seawater during a tropical cyclone (TC) and its storm surge, their function will be compromised. Under climate change scenarios, this threat is exacerbated by sea level rise (SLR) and more extreme tropical cyclones. This study quantifies the impact of tropical cyclones and their storm surge and inundation on South Carolina SMPs under various SLR scenarios. A coupled hydrodynamic model calculates storm surge heights and their return periods using historical tropical cyclones. The surge decay coefficient method is used to …

The Poet Experience: Homecoming 2022, Whittier College

Advancement

Celebrating Whittier College's Past, Present, and Future!

We welcome and celebrate the achievements and contributions of our Whittier College family.

Recreational Fishing For Western Rock Lobster: Estimates Of Participation, Effort And Catch In 2021/22, Claire B. Smallwood, Karina L. Ryan, Alissa C. Tate, Lucy J. Rudd

Fisheries Research Reports

The Western Rock Lobster (WRL) (Panulirus cygnus) is the most commonly caught Rock Lobster (RL) species in Western Australia. Catches from the commercial and recreational sectors are required to determine and monitor Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC), Total Allowable Recreational Catch (TARC) and proportion of Allowable Harvest Level (AHL) achieved. The TARC is set at 5% of the AHL and evaluated in the harvest strategy based on a 5-year average. Since 2018/19, data for the recreational sector have been collected using phone- recall surveys to provide estimates of participation, fishing effort and retained catch (by numbers) from recreational fishers who …

Dale Leslie, Interview, 2022, Cassandra Mitchell

Oral Histories

On October 1, 2022, students from the EMU Archives and Oral History Program recorded stories of EMU students past and present. Using the EMU Aerie, the Archives’ mobile oral history recording booth, student oral historians captured the formative experiences and perspectives of EMU alums from a variety of campus eras. Here, Dale Leslie (class of 1970) recounts his journey to EMU and pledging to the Theta Chi Fraternity upon arrival. Leslie credits the female to male ratio as one of the drivers of his attending the school, and the quality of instructors he found once on campus. Leslie also speaks …

Complacency And Conformity: The Female Experience At Gettysburg College, 1956-1966, Greer Garver, Emily B. Suter

Student Publications

Women at Gettysburg College from 1956-66 received unequal treatment at a predominantly male school. Despite the 1960s being seen as a time of radical change, the majority of women on campus were content with the rules and social norms which held them in place. Changes and complaints were not widespread or outspoken, but they did exist in organizations such as the Women’s Student Government Association. Examinations of campus policies, dress codes, and dorm regulations illustrate the different standards men and women were held to on campus. Meanwhile Greek life, beauty contests, athletics and first hand accounts of social life reveal …

Al-Ṭabarī’S Unacknowledged Debt To Ibn Abī Ṭāhir Ṭayfūr, Sarah Savant

Book Chapters / Conference Papers

No abstract provided.