Digital Commons Network^™

Shining A Spotlight On Maritime Dark Traffic, Alex Da Silva Curiel, Darren Jones, Rob Knight, Rupert Taylor, Leo Jofeh, Sir Martin Sweeting, Per Atle Våland, Simon Flack, Patrik Mandelin, Håkon Heier

Small Satellite Conference

The ability to support Maritime Domain Awareness from space using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been successfully demonstrated in the past, however practical challenges in achieving the necessary area coverage, temporal coverage and spatial resolution for a practical system has eluded wider adoption. Yet demand for Maritime Surveillance has increased in recent years, to protect important maritime energy and communications infrastructure, fisheries, and maritime reserves, and especially for maintaining national security and territorial integrity. A novel approach to the SAR payload design solves these challenges, and smallsat technologies have also matured to the point where a High-Resolution Wide-Swath (HRWS) system …

Small Satellite Launches From Japan: Zero Launch Vehicle And Hokkaido Spaceport, Atsuta Keiji, Masaki Fujii

Small Satellite Conference

INTEGRATED LAUNCH SYSTEM

• Easy access to factory in case of last minute iterations
• Simplified logistics
• Launch site is tailored made for ZERO

High-Torque Reaction Wheels For Agile Small Satellites, Thomas Brunsgaard, Matt Carton, Kearney Lackas

Small Satellite Conference

Blue Canyon Technologies has developed a high-torque reaction wheel (RW) product line to meet the growing attitude control demands of next-generation small spacecraft. As small satellites expand into missions requiring rapid retargeting and precise pointing, spacecraft agility is foundational to mission performance. More targets equal more data collection, translating to greater mission insight and revenue generation. 

This paper describes Blue Canyon’s approach to product line architecture that enabled rapid development and deployment of high-torque reaction wheels across multiple size classes. The high-torque variants deliver 0.5 Nm of torque, representing a 2X increase over standard configurations with 60% of the baseline …

Development Of Piezo Fast Steering Mirrors For Fso Inter-Satellite Communication, Frank Claeyssen, Arnaud Gilson, Thomas Maillard, David Ferris, Xavier De Lepine, Oliver Sosnicki, Jocelyn Rebufa, Clément Cote, Francis Bortolaso, Pascal Mexe

Small Satellite Conference

To allow faster communication between satellites, Radio Frequency (RF) links are being replaced by laser optical links, often called Free-Space Optical Communication (FSO). Each satellite embeds several optical communication terminals (OCT), each one needing two Fast Steering Mirrors (FSM) for laser beam fine and fast steering. Thus, for some giant constellations, the total number of FSM can reach up to 100 000 FSM. This New Space market induces not only technical challenges, such as good SWaP, but also industrial challenges, in particular reproducibility, cost-effectiveness and low cost of ownership vs Orbit segment. To address these various FSM needs, CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES …

03: Leviticus Manuscript, Jack J. Blanco

The Clear Word Manuscript

This handwritten manuscript of Leviticus is part of the original biblical paraphrase manuscript that later became The Clear Word, authored by Dr. Jack J. Blanco.

02: Exodus Manuscript, Jack J. Blanco

The Clear Word Manuscript

This handwritten manuscript of Exodus is part of the original biblical paraphrase manuscript that later became The Clear Word, authored by Dr. Jack J. Blanco.

01: Genesis Manuscript, Jack J. Blanco

The Clear Word Manuscript

This handwritten manuscript of Genesis is part of the original biblical paraphrase manuscript that later became The Clear Word, authored by Dr. Jack J. Blanco.

Cubesat Led Transmitter For Optical Communication Downlink, David Hinkley, Sam Pedrotty

Small Satellite Conference

The CubeSat radio frequency (RF) spectrum licensing step has always been long and therefore stressful to developers. With more satellites entering orbit, spectral congestion in the available RF frequency bands has become a problem. An optical-only solution eliminates this problem and provides a path for a lower power and higher throughput data link. The risk of a weather outage drives a solution that requires enough geographically diverse optical ground locations that a clear line-of-sight is always available. The Aerospace Corporation, with funding from NASA, has developed a CubeSat light emitting diode (LED) transmitter and an inexpensive commercial portable optical telescope …

Asynchronous One-Way Range (Aowr) – Alone Positioning And The Applications, Junichiro Kawagichi, Shingo Nishimoto

Small Satellite Conference

The paper first reports the recent operational results of the HOKUSHIN satellite. It explains how our extended code correlation method has performed and provides link threshold information, specifically the demonstrated C/N0 figures. The paper next focuses on cis-lunar space applications, beginning with direct AOWR-alone positioning directly from Earth using three or more small-aperture ground stations. The application employs a ‘Self-Positioning’ strategy. This system operates in cis-lunar space with 3-meter-class ground stations and CubeSats larger than 6U in size equipped with 200x300 mm patch-array antennas on. It enables universities and startups to conduct genuine lunar exploration. The team won the Strategic …

Magdrive Power System For Next Generation High Power Smallsat Needs, Donya Divsalar, Mark Stokes, Thomas Clayson, David Salmon, Patrick Mabin, Aksat Shah

Small Satellite Conference

The continued expansion of space activities across commercial, governmental, and defense sectors has increased the demand for reliable, flexible, and high-performance electrical power systems. In contrast to terrestrial environments where a broad range of power generation and storage solutions exist—space systems remain constrained to limited options, primarily solar arrays and batteries. These constraints introduce significant design trade-offs in mass, volume, and system complexity, often forcing spacecraft architectures to be dictated by available power rather than mission-driven performance requirements.

High-power missions are particularly affected by these limitations. Delivering elevated power levels typically requires either large battery packs or extensive solar array …

Radiation-Resilient Ai For Small Satellites: A Universal Multi-Bit Edac Architecture For Protecting On-Board Neural Network Models In Memory And Storage, Yin Sun, Nauman Wazir, Joseph Chang, Kwen-Siong Chong, Wei Shu, Hocklai They

Small Satellite Conference

The deployment of onboard artificial intelligence (AI) on small satellites enables real-time Earth-observation triage, object detection, and event-driven tasking with reduced dependence on downlink. These capabilities rely on the integrity of neural network parameters (weights and biases) stored across both volatile memory and non-volatile storage (e.g., DRAM/SRAM and SSD/SD/UFS/eMMC). In low-Earth orbit (LEO), radiation-induced upsets can flip bits in commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) memory and storage, corrupting model parameters and degrading inference accuracy. Such degradation can manifest as persistent misclassification or missed detections. Existing mitigation options are often difficult to scale within small-satellite constraints: Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) incurs substantial mass and …

Nasa's Small Spacecraft & Distributed Systems: Development And Demonstration Of Technologies Enabling Swarms And New Spacecraft Platforms With Ai And Edge Computing, Jan Stupl, Rodolphe De Rosee, Samson Phan, Michael Gaunce, Bruce Yost, Craig Burkhard, Edward Tagalicud, Roger Hunter, Christopher Baker, Justin Treptow-Miller, Sasha Weston, Luke Idziak, Julianna Fishman, Dorothy Santos

Small Satellite Conference

NASA’s Small Spacecraft & Distributed Systems (SSDS) within the Research and Technology Mission Directorate (RTMD) expands U.S. capability to execute unique missions through targeted investment, rapid development, and flight demonstration of small spacecraft technologies applicable to exploration, science and the commercial space sector. SSDS strategically invests in technology development and on-orbit demonstrations executed across NASA, other government agencies, industry, and academia. The program’s University SmallSat Technology Partnerships initiative awards academic researchers with the opportunity to collaborate with NASA to mature innovative technology. Capabilities aligned with RTMD’s technology shortfalls and interests - power, processing, propulsion, sensors, communications, autonomous navigation, architectures, and …

Intelligence Where Data Is Born: Vision Transformer-Based On-Orbit Change Detection For Earth Sensing, Matthew Morabito, Faries Tadros, Catherine Ordun, Michael S. Sellers, Daniel Wald

Small Satellite Conference

This paper introduces a model framework for autonomous hyperspectral segmentation that couples a foundation model with a supervised segmentation head to enable compact, high performance on-orbit scene understanding. This approach is designed to deliver end-to-end onboard processing, inference, confidence scoring, and prioritization so the spacecraft performs interpretation at or near image collection time and minimizes downlink usage by transmitting only high-value or high-interest outputs rather than full image streams. A key design element is adaptive intelligence over mission lifetime: low-size, over-the-air partial models updates as small as kb-scale enable post-launch retuning and mission-specific refinement without GB-scale data transfer. By reusing …

Flight Test Of The Autonomous Navigation, Guidance, And Control (Autongc) Software On The Starling Swarm, Robert Pritchett, Nathan Stacey, Sun Hur-Diaz, Michael Romeo, Nickalas Cason, Katherine Fowee Gasaway, Nathan Esantsi, Behnam Azimi, Sean Semper, Hossein Mohammadkhan, Grant Hecht, Joseph Patton, Liam Greenlee, Justin Clavette, Alan Cudmore, Ian Hammer, Ted Hendriks, Terry Stevenson, Nahum Alem

Small Satellite Conference

Performing real-time autonomous guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) functions onboard spacecraft is critical for enabling greater spacecraft autonomy. The autoNGC (autonomous Navigation, Guidance, and Control) software suite is a collection of applications, built on the NASA core Flight System (cFS), that provides these capabilities. This paper presents results from the first flight demonstration of autoNGC, conducted on the NASA Starling mission in 2025. The Starling spacecraft's use of cFS enabled autoNGC to be uplinked and run onboard despite the spacecraft already being in orbit. The flight test had three goals: to demonstrate onboard GPS navigation, onboard state and uncertainty prediction …

Ai For Autonomous Operation Of Small Satellite Missions, Lucy Donnell, Reuben Lynch, Charlotte Crawshaw, Karl Buckley, Robert Field, Steven Kay

Small Satellite Conference

UK space industry partners Craft Prospect Ltd (CPL) and GMV deliver an advanced avionics demonstrator which incorporates cutting-edge machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance on-board autonomy for small satellite space missions. The work is funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), and the delivery partners combine expertise in embedded Artificial Intelligence (AI) and space systems engineering to target use cases for on-board autonomy which offer the best gains for a diverse range of mission types including institutional and commercial Earth observation (EO), navigation, scientific, and lunar exploration missions.

Common technical target applications have emerged as underpinning technologies which enable the …

Back From The Dead: Using Stellar Psf Calibration To Recover Operational Value From A Defocused Skysat Telescope, Phillip Linden, Hira Nadeem, Ross Losher, Venkataraman Krishnaswami

Small Satellite Conference

For large-scale Earth observation constellations, such as Planet’s SkySat fleet, a major challenge is mitigating the effects of post-launch optical aberrations, which can render an asset unusable. This paper presents a novel approach to recover operational value from SkySat-C5, which remained excluded from production for 8 years due to significant, uncorrectable focus deficit at launch. Our method leverages stars to calibrate a reliable Point Spread Function (PSF) used in a deconvolution process that restored the camera’s images to a usable level of quality.

Because there is no on-orbit focus mechanism, the only path to restoration is post-processing deconvolution using a …

Modeling Of Supersonic Wave And Shock Propagation Using The Lattice Boltzmann Method, Timothy P. Schroeder

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has emerged as a mesoscopic alternative to traditional Navier-Stokes solvers for modeling fluid dynamics offering advantages in computational efficiency, parallelization, and handling of complex boundaries. Despite these strengths, accurately reproducing compressible, shock-driven phenomena remains challenging. This study investigates the performance of LBM in simulating the Sod shock tube problem, a classical benchmark for compressible flow-using both single and double distribution function formulations across one- and two-dimensional lattice stencils. A MATLAB-based solver was developed to model the flow under isothermal conditions and compared to the analytical solution using the L2 norm error. The one-dimensional models achieved …

Tennessee State Museum Summer 2026 Newsletter & Calendar Of Events, Tennessee. State Museum.

Tennessee State Museum

No abstract provided.

From Competition To Complementarity: A Case Study Of Arabic-English Language Ideologies At University Of Bisha, Ahmed Yahya Mohammed Al-Hakami

UB Journal for Humanities

This study investigates the coexistence of, and tension between, Arabic and English language ideologies in Saudi higher education, focusing on University of Bisha as a case study. Drawing on quantitative data from online questionnaires (N = 138), this study examines how Arabic and English are ideologically valued, legitimised, and contested across three dimensions, namely identity, academic learning, and status. Using robust statistical analyses, including correlation and repeated-measures testing, the analysis tests whether these ideologies function primarily as competing forces, privileging one language at the expense of the other, or as complementary resources that support students’ academic experience and professional ambition. …

Verses Of Regret In The Holy Quran; A Grammatical And Semantic Study, Samiah Bint Moammes Asiri

UB Journal for Humanities

This study: “Verses of Regret in the Holy Qur’an: A Grammatical and Semantic Study” investigates the structures, vocabulary, and stylistic devices associated with regret in the Qur’an through a descriptive-analytical and inductive approach. It analyzes the grammatical constructions and semantic implications of regret, focusing particularly on eschatological scenes depicting the terrors of the Day of Judgment and the futility of late remorse. The findings indicate that regret extends beyond explicit lexical items, manifesting through diverse structures that derive significance from Qur’anic context and grammatical synergy. Notably, the negated present-tense verb la yanfa‘u (does not avail) underscores the impossibility of undoing …

The Impact Of Variant Transmission In Abū Tammām’S Kitāb Al-Ḥamāsah: The Chapter Of Al-Ḥamāsah As A Case Study, Nawal Abdullah Ibrahim Yusuf Al-Zahrani

UB Journal for Humanities

This study examines the impact of variant readings in the Hamasa by Abu Tammam, focusing on the Chapter of Valor as an applied model. It is based on the premise that variation in transmission is a textual phenomenon that affects the semantic meaning, syntactic structure, and rhetorical value of the poetic text, rather than being merely superficial lexical variation. The research problem lies in the multiplicity of variant readings, which leads to differences in meaning and interpretation, raising questions about the nature and stability of the poetic text. The study aims to analyze the impact of these variations on …

The Impact Of Literary Reports In The Reception Of Poetic Experience: A Critical Review Of Abi Tammam’S Poem On The Conquest Of Amorium, Ali Bin Muhammad Al-Nomah Al-Qahtani

UB Journal for Humanities

This study critically examines the “The Impact of literary reports” and their adverse of poetic experience dimensions. It uses the story of “the woman’s appeal to al-Muʿtaṣim,” allegedly motivating the conquest of Amorium, as a model for critical deconstruction. Divided into two sections, the first demonstrates the lack of documentary authenticity in “The Historical Report in the Poem on the Conquest of Amorium.” Although a degree of leniency may be exercised in literary narratives, reports casting doubt on artistic or personal integrity warrant careful re-examination regarding their impact on reading the work. The second section focuses on “The Artistic Analysis …

Paragliding The Cliff Edge: Introducing Open Mic Studies. A Creative Response To Navigating The Post-18 Landscape For Young Adults With Send., James Tarling, Charlie Robinson, Nick Hall, Sammy Shepherd

Plymouth Interdisciplinary Education Open Journal

This conceptual article investigates novel ways of thinking about Open Mic Nights (OMN) – performance spaces understood as free, community arts and performance opportunities where the members of the public are welcome to perform music, poetry and comedy in front of an audience. For the purposes of this article, music-related OMN that take place in pubs or community centres are discussed.

The article is intended to be a primer for OMN studies that offers new and emerging trailheads for future research and discussion. Its central focus is how OMN may benefit the Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) community with …

Grounded Multi-Agent Ai System For Automated Publisher Analysis And Remediation, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

Digital publishers may face challenges in interpreting complex performance data to identify technical issues or monetization opportunities. The disclosed technology describes a system that can utilize a multi-agent artificial intelligence architecture to ingest and process varied data sources to detect anomalies. An orchestrator agent may delegate analysis to specialized sub-agents, which can use a retrieval-augmented generation engine grounded in a corpus of verifiable data to perform root cause analysis and formulate solutions. The system can present findings in a narrative format and may include an action engine to facilitate remediation, assisting users in converting performance data into actionable strategy and …

Late-Stage Semantic Disambiguation Of Multi-Hypothesis Automatic Speech Recognition In Digital Voice Platforms, Mubaraq Mishra

Defensive Publications Series

This publication describes a system and methodology for improving speech recognition accuracy in smart home devices by transitioning from early-stage transcription biasing to late-stage semantic disambiguation. Conventional automatic speech recognition architectures prematurely resolve phonetic ambiguities by selecting only the single highest-ranked transcript, which often fails when processing niche media requests, regional dialects, or voice commands in noisy environments. The described framework preserves a complete set of alternative transcript hypotheses, packages them with their respective confidence metrics into a contextual container, and forwards them to a downstream semantic processing engine. By analyzing the phonetic relationships among these hypotheses alongside contextual signals …

Plain-Language Guide To The Systemic Progress Regeneration Protocol (Sprp), Volodymyr Kotegov

Defensive Publications Series

This document serves as an operational commentary and plain-language implementation guide for the Systemic Progress Regeneration Protocol (SPRP). It translates the core theoretical constraints and validation criteria of the protocol into actionable workflows for independent developers. The guide focuses on the practical mechanics of maintaining tech lineage, executing isolation audits, and establishing onboarding steps within Phase 0 engineering domains.

In-Situ Eutectic Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramic Coatings With Dispersed Rhenium Intermetallics For Reusable Thermal Protection Systems, Volodymyr Kotegov

Defensive Publications Series

Reusable launch vehicles and hypersonic re-entry vehicles experience surface temperatures that routinely exceed 2000 °C on leading edges and nose tips. Conventional ultra-high-temperature ceramic (UHTC) coatings based on hafnium or zirconium diboride offer high melting points but remain vulnerable to thermal-shock cracking and delamination caused by coefficient-of-thermal-expansion mismatch with the underlying composite substrate.

This paper describes a coating architecture that forms its final microstructure in situ during the first high-temperature exposure. A precursor layer of HfB₂ or ZrB₂, SiC and finely dispersed rhenium-based intermetallic particles is applied to a carbon-carbon or ceramic-matrix-composite substrate. When the surface temperature reaches approximately 1800–1950 …

Junction-Stabilized Graphene Aerogels For Cryogenic Insulation And Lightweight Radiation Shielding, Volodymyr Kotegov

Defensive Publications Series

Long-duration deep-space missions and reusable cryogenic stages require insulation that remains dimensionally stable at liquid-hydrogen temperatures, adds very little mass, and provides at least modest attenuation of ionizing radiation. Conventional polymer foams become brittle and crack after repeated cryogenic cycling in vacuum. Multi-layer insulation is thermally efficient but offers almost no radiation protection and loses performance when compressed.

This paper describes a graphene aerogel whose open-cell network is locked at the sheet junctions by in-situ formed metallic nano-clusters. Two practical variants are defined: a lower-metal thermal-primary grade optimised for minimum conductivity and maximum recovery, and a higher-metal radiation-enhanced grade that …

Alternative Api Manufacturing Routes To Alimatravir (Mk-8527) - Version 1.0, Ryan Littich, Douglas Klumpp, Titas Deb, Li-Mei Jin

Defensive Publications Series

In this study, known chemical syntheses of MK-8527 (alimatravir) were examined and new synthetic routes proposed.

The baseline route to alimatravir was described in the 2015 Merck patent (WO2015148746A1). It involves a chemical synthesis of MK-8527 (no biocatalysis). Because of its similarities to islatravir (MK-8591), there has been a considerable amount of synthetic work related to this nucleoside structure. This synthetic chemistry is also briefly summarized.

Three synthetic routes are proposed with the aim of lowering the cost and improving the accessibility of MK-8527. In Proposed Route 1, the single enantiomer furanose intermediate (Cpd 31) is prepared from …

Multilingual Entity Mention Detection Using A Late-Fusion Transformer And Named-Entity-Recognition Architecture With Script-Aware Post-Filter Verification, Kaustav Saha, Shwetank Raghuvanshi, Batool Haider, Kliton Andrea, Chenhui Hu, Subramanian Srinivasan, Ashwin Kesireddy, Zscaler

Defensive Publications Series

A system and method for detecting entity mentions in multilingual text are disclosed. A shared multilingual transformer encoder produces a pooled representation from a tokenized representation of an item of text. A named-entity-recognition (NER) feature extraction module produces an NER feature vector from the item of text and a configured entity list, the NER feature vector including exact-match, fuzzy-similarity, entity-overlap, organization-entity, position-score, and mention-frequency components. A late-fusion concatenation module concatenates the pooled representation with the NER feature vector after and external to encoder layers of the shared multilingual transformer encoder to form a joint representation. A classification head produces an …