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Evaluation Of Recovery From High Intensity Functional Training, Trace A. Dominy, Malcolm T. Whitehead Feb 2023

Evaluation Of Recovery From High Intensity Functional Training, Trace A. Dominy, Malcolm T. Whitehead

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

As the implementation of frequent high intensity functional training (HIFT) participation continues to grow among a variety of individuals, recovery between bouts of training is important to consider to prevent overtraining. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine effective measures of recovery following an acute HIFT training session. METHODS: Participants (22.0 ± 2.8 years old, 173.6 ± 30.5 lbs., and 26.2 ± 8.24% body fat) consisted of 5 females and 3 males (n = 8), who were recreationally trained (30+ minutes moderate-vigorous exercise 4+ times/week) and had previous experience with HIFT training. Participants conducted a 20-minute, as …

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Hoffa’S Fat Pad Impingement And Medial Plica Syndrome, Meron Ibrahim, Vered Arbel, Ankur Verma, Tal Amasay Feb 2023

Hoffa’S Fat Pad Impingement And Medial Plica Syndrome, Meron Ibrahim, Vered Arbel, Ankur Verma, Tal Amasay

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: The patient is a 27-year-old female that presented with ongoing right knee pain. She stated that she has been dealing with knee pain for approximately five years. Pain is constant with activities of daily living and running, aching during rest and throbbing during activity. She recalled that the initial pain started after running a half marathon. Pain was relieved with rest and elevation and progressively decreased with physical therapy until reaggravating it with no specific cause. Anti-inflammatory creams and medication had minimal effect on pain reduction. PHYSICAL EXAM: Significant tenderness to palpation along the proximal patellar …

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Comparison Of Ultrastructural Alterations In Peripheral Artery Disease Skeletal Muscle, Dylan T. Wilburn, Emma Fletcher, Dimitrios Miserlis, Bernd Zechmann, Panagiotis Koutakis Feb 2023

Comparison Of Ultrastructural Alterations In Peripheral Artery Disease Skeletal Muscle, Dylan T. Wilburn, Emma Fletcher, Dimitrios Miserlis, Bernd Zechmann, Panagiotis Koutakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by obstructed hemodynamics and claudication reducing quality of life and muscle function. A myopathy has been shown to develop in PAD patients and characterization of changes in skeletal muscle needs further elucidation. PURPOSE: To assess myofibrillar ultrastructural changes between control and stage IV PAD patients. METHODS: Twenty-six participants (13 control:13 stage IV) were recruited to take part in this cross-sectional study. The mean(±SD) age, mass, height, and BMI were 53(±11) years, 81(±22) kg, 165(±15) cm, and 30(±1.5) kg/m2. Muscle samples were collected from the gastrocnemius and prepared for transmission electron microscopy. Relative …

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Performance Characteristics In High Intensity Training Athletes, Shelby Kite Feb 2023

Performance Characteristics In High Intensity Training Athletes, Shelby Kite

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purposes of the study were to: 1) Examine differences in performance characteristics (Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores, strength, power, and dynamic exercise performance) between male and female high intensity training (HIT) athletes, and 2) Determine if correlations between Functional Movement Screening (FMS) scores and the ability to perform strength, power, and dynamic exercise in a cohort of male and female HIT athletes. METHODS: A total of thirty participants (males, n=15; and females, n=15) (mean ± S.D, age = 30.7 ± 9.9 years) with minimum two-years of HIT experience were recruited to participate in this study. On the first …

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Influence Of Scanning Plane And Echo Intensity Correction On Relationships Between Muscle Size And Fitness, Caleb C. Voskuil, Monique D. Dudar, G. Kate Webb, Yan Zhang, Joshua C. Carr Feb 2023

Influence Of Scanning Plane And Echo Intensity Correction On Relationships Between Muscle Size And Fitness, Caleb C. Voskuil, Monique D. Dudar, G. Kate Webb, Yan Zhang, Joshua C. Carr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

B-mode ultrasonography is an accessible and reliable tool to measure muscle size and echogenicity. Measures of muscle thickness (MT), muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA), and echo intensity (EI) are commonly acquired in the sagittal or transverse planes, and with the extended field of view technique. However, whether these outcomes show unique relationships with muscle fitness across the scanning planes is unknown. PURPOSE: To identify the relationships between measurements of skeletal muscle size and echo intensity with muscle strength and local muscle endurance in a habitually resistance-trained population. METHODS: Twenty resistance-trained participants (Females: n = 10; Males: n = 10) …

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The Effects Of Mindful Meditation On Body Image In Female Collegiate Athletes During The Luteal And Early Follicular Phase Of The Menstrual Cycle, Victoria Bowden Feb 2023

The Effects Of Mindful Meditation On Body Image In Female Collegiate Athletes During The Luteal And Early Follicular Phase Of The Menstrual Cycle, Victoria Bowden

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Body image has been studied in previous research but there is a gap in research with the consideration of body image changes during the phases of the menstrual cycle. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a mindful meditation intervention on body image during the late luteal and early follicular phases of the menstrual cycle in collegiate female athletes. METHODS: This study included 8 female collegiate athletes (20.5 ± 1.8 years, 1.7 ± 0.1 m, 62.4 ± 8.9 kg, 26.4 ± 6.9%) participating in both the control and mindful meditation intervention with each taking 3 …

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Different Orders Of Combined Upper- And Lower-Body Resistance Exercise On Pulse Wave Reflection, Yu Lun Tai, Ryan D. Russell, Smaran Marupudi, Amanda J. Wheeler, Josiah Alcala, Chien Ting Wu Feb 2023

Different Orders Of Combined Upper- And Lower-Body Resistance Exercise On Pulse Wave Reflection, Yu Lun Tai, Ryan D. Russell, Smaran Marupudi, Amanda J. Wheeler, Josiah Alcala, Chien Ting Wu

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Acute upper-body resistance exercise (RE) has been shown to induce greater impacts on pulse wave reflection (PWR) compared to lower-body RE. However, different orders of combined upper- and lower-body RE on PWR is unknown. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of different orders of combined upper-and lower-body RE on PWR in active men. METHODS: Sixteen men (22±2 yrs) volunteered for the study. PWR was assessed at rest, 10 (R1), and 20 (R2) minutes after either upper- and lower-body RE (UL) or lower- and upper-body RE (LU) at 75% 1-repetition maximum for 3 sets of 10 repetitions, 1.5- and 2-minute rests …

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Selective Inhibition Of Ribosomal Biogenesis Over Cap-Dependent Translation By Rapamycin In L6 Myotubes, Selina Uranga, James D. Fluckey Feb 2023

Selective Inhibition Of Ribosomal Biogenesis Over Cap-Dependent Translation By Rapamycin In L6 Myotubes, Selina Uranga, James D. Fluckey

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The mechanistic target of rapamycin, or mTOR, lies at the center of skeletal muscle anabolic regulation. The mTOR kinase has at least two complexes that aide in carrying out responses to anabolic signals. Complex 1 (mTORC1) activation leads to cap-dependent translation and ribosomal biogenesis via phosphorylation of its two downstream targets 4EBP1 and P70S6K respectively. mTORC1 is inhibited by rapamycin while mTORC2 is not; however, cap-dependent translation via mTORC1 may still occur under rapamycin inhibition. PURPOSE: To identify timing and mechanistic pathway by which selective skeletal muscle anabolism continues in the presence of rapamycin inhibition. METHODS: Murine L6 …

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Differences In Simple And Complex Reaction Time Test Score Amont College Rodeo Athletes, Meghan Younger, Andrew A. Wolfe, Micheal Luera, Kayleigh Abbott, Gillian Braden, Jessie Ramirez Feb 2023

Differences In Simple And Complex Reaction Time Test Score Amont College Rodeo Athletes, Meghan Younger, Andrew A. Wolfe, Micheal Luera, Kayleigh Abbott, Gillian Braden, Jessie Ramirez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Various sports rely heavily on reaction time (RT) to produce high levels of performance, and as expected, difference in RT are present within and between sporting activities. The sport of rodeo is a high velocity/intensity sport that require athletes to reaction quickly to the movement(s) of uncooperative livestock. However, no previous studies have investigated the RT profile of rodeo athletes and the differences in RT between rodeo events. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to establish simply and complex RT norms for rodeo athletes and secondly, identify RT difference between rodeo events. METHODS: College rodeo athletes (n = 39) …

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Peak Forces In The Landing And Push-Off Foot Between Varying Fastpitch Softball Pitches, Samantha Martinez Feb 2023

Peak Forces In The Landing And Push-Off Foot Between Varying Fastpitch Softball Pitches, Samantha Martinez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Although softball and baseball tend to often be compared to each other, the skill of fastpitch softball pitching is drastically different. Limited studies done on softball pitching hinders the ability of athletes being able to maximize their performance. PURPOSE: To determine differences in peak force of the push-off, landing feet and ball velocity during different types of softball pitches (fastball, changeup, and curveball). METHODS: 5 NCAA Division III softball pitchers were all tested for the peak forces in their push-off and loading foot (LoadsolⓇ, Novel, St. Paul, MN) as well as their ball velocity among a variation of pitches …

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Adiposity And High-Density Lipoprotein Are Reflective Of Blood Pressure Among Individuals Without Hypertension, Joshua Labadah, Jehu Apaflo, Gabriel Narvaez, Victoria Rocha, Sudip Bajpeyi Feb 2023

Adiposity And High-Density Lipoprotein Are Reflective Of Blood Pressure Among Individuals Without Hypertension, Joshua Labadah, Jehu Apaflo, Gabriel Narvaez, Victoria Rocha, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity and abnormal lipid profiles have been linked to hypertension and other cardiometabolic risks. Early identification of cardiovascular risks factors in healthy individuals is important for disease prevention and maintaining a high quality of life. PURPOSE: This study sought to determine whether adiposity and lipid profile in a non-hypertensive, otherwise healthy population, is associated with blood pressure, a hallmark of cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS: Seventy-seven individuals (34 males 43 females; age 25.4 ±7.7 years; BMI 27.2 ± 5.2 kg/m2) without hypertension (systolic blood pressure (SBP) 110.3 ± 10.3 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 71.48 ± 7.93 …

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Pressor And Sympathetic Responses To Graded Skeletal Muscle Metaboreflex Activation In Females With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, Claire E. Trotter, Benjamin E. Young, Caitlin P. Jarrard, Scott A. Smith, Paul J. Fadel, Mu Huang, Scott L. Davis Feb 2023

Pressor And Sympathetic Responses To Graded Skeletal Muscle Metaboreflex Activation In Females With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, Claire E. Trotter, Benjamin E. Young, Caitlin P. Jarrard, Scott A. Smith, Paul J. Fadel, Mu Huang, Scott L. Davis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease characterized by demyelination in the central nervous system which disproportionately impacts females. Previous studies suggest MS-related exercise intolerance may be due to abnormal control of arterial blood pressure (BP) via the skeletal muscle metaboreflex. However, few studies have been performed and equivocal results reported. Discontinuity in prior data may be due to limited perturbation of metaboreflex activation using only low and moderate intensity exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that females with MS have blunted BP and sympathetic responses to graded static handgrip (HG) exercise and isolated …

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The Impacts Of Wrist Wrap Type And Sex On Bench Press Muscular Strength And Power, Dillon R. Harris, Dakota R. Harris, Thomas D. Cardaci, Harry P. Cintineo, Leslee K. Funderburk, Steven B. Machek Feb 2023

The Impacts Of Wrist Wrap Type And Sex On Bench Press Muscular Strength And Power, Dillon R. Harris, Dakota R. Harris, Thomas D. Cardaci, Harry P. Cintineo, Leslee K. Funderburk, Steven B. Machek

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While wrist wraps have become increasingly prevalent in both competitive and recreational demographics, their posited ability to augment bench press performance by enhanced wrist stability still remains unclear. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of varying wrap styles on bench-specific muscular strength and associated power, as well as quantitative and subjective differences between sexes. METHODS: Eighteen resistance trained males and females (9M/9F; 24±4y; 176±33cm; 80±15kg) visited the laboratory on three separate occasions in randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced design to sport either a flexible wrist wrap (FW), stiff wrap (SW), or a no wrap control (NW) condition. All participants underwent a bench …

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Blood Flow And Vascular Conductance Responses To Dynamic Handgrip Exercise In Hispanic American And Non-Hispanic White Women, Justo Perez Iii, Randy Liu, Ruby A. Nyarko, Ashlesha Dalve, Tyler Van Wagoner, Crystal Appiah, Jasdeep Kaur Feb 2023

Blood Flow And Vascular Conductance Responses To Dynamic Handgrip Exercise In Hispanic American And Non-Hispanic White Women, Justo Perez Iii, Randy Liu, Ruby A. Nyarko, Ashlesha Dalve, Tyler Van Wagoner, Crystal Appiah, Jasdeep Kaur

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Hispanic Americans (HA) are the fastest growing ethnic minority in the United States, with disproportionately higher incidence of obesity, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes compared to their non-Hispanic white (NHW) counterparts. As such, the risk of cardiovascular complications is significantly higher in this population, while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Alterations in vascular function occur early in cardiovascular diseases and have not been comprehensively studied in the HA population. Previous studies have demonstrated higher flow-mediated dilation (FMD, an index of resting vascular function) in young HA compared to NHW women. However, whether these differences in vasodilation also occur in …

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The Effect On Carbon Dioxide Production During Maximal Exercise With Distinct Breathing Mechanisms, Vineet K. Paidisetty, Jose M. Moris, Alexandra Blades, Ryan Curtis, Christian J. Chang, Garret Petty, Yunsuk Koh Feb 2023

The Effect On Carbon Dioxide Production During Maximal Exercise With Distinct Breathing Mechanisms, Vineet K. Paidisetty, Jose M. Moris, Alexandra Blades, Ryan Curtis, Christian J. Chang, Garret Petty, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Nasal breathing (NB) may lead to lower maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) compared to oral breathing (OB) or nasal/oral combined breathing (CB) due to a transient increase in the systemic concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) that can replicate the effects of a hypoxic environment. The exercise intensity at which NB can elicit this response is poorly understood. PURPOSE: To examine the increase in the fractional rate of exhaled CO2 (FECO2) and FEO2 with different breathing conditions during a graded maximal aerobic exercise test (GXT). METHODS: Eight healthy males (21.88 ± 0.46 years) completed …

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Effect Of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation On Fasting Blood Glucose In Sedentary Overweight And Obese Population, Ali Mossayebi, Jehu N. Apaflo, Gabriel Navarez, Joshua Labadah, Victoria Rocha, Heyjin Jung, Kisuk Min, Andrew Mcainch, Sudip Bajpeyi Feb 2023

Effect Of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation On Fasting Blood Glucose In Sedentary Overweight And Obese Population, Ali Mossayebi, Jehu N. Apaflo, Gabriel Navarez, Joshua Labadah, Victoria Rocha, Heyjin Jung, Kisuk Min, Andrew Mcainch, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Glucose is a vital source of energy for muscle contraction, and it is essential for health that glucose is properly metabolized. The rate of glucose metabolism in the contracting skeletal muscles increases rapidly as a result of exercise. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may be used as an alternative for muscle contraction in those who are physically unable or unwilling to exercise, such as those with excessive obesity, functional limitations, and other mobility impairments. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of NMES induced muscle contraction on fasting blood glucose level. METHODS: Eighteen participants without diabetes were recruited in the study …

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Biomechanical Characteristics Of The Carotid Artery During Aerobic Exercise, Manuel Gomez, Samuel Montalvo, Alejandro Sanchez, Progga Hassan, Alvaro N. Gurovich Feb 2023

Biomechanical Characteristics Of The Carotid Artery During Aerobic Exercise, Manuel Gomez, Samuel Montalvo, Alejandro Sanchez, Progga Hassan, Alvaro N. Gurovich

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cardiovascular disease is known as the leading cause of death, including coronary artery disease and stroke. Atherosclerosis is responsible for 9 in every 10 cases of stroke. The prevention of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases is possible through aerobic exercise (AE). However, not much is known about the biomechanical characteristics of the carotid artery during AE. PURPOSE: To estimate arterial stiffness in-vivo during submaximal cycling exercise at three different exercise intensities. METHODS: 20 apparently healthy young adults participated in two laboratory visits. First visit, subjects were laid down on a medical bed, in which resting pressure, maximal/minimal artery …

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Differences In Reach Scores Between Three Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test Versions In Older Adults, Samuel R. Vilmeau, Tal Amasay, Michelle Etchebaster, Ryan Cedeno Feb 2023

Differences In Reach Scores Between Three Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test Versions In Older Adults, Samuel R. Vilmeau, Tal Amasay, Michelle Etchebaster, Ryan Cedeno

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (UQYBT) is often used to measure shoulder mobility and stability and screen for upper extremities musculoskeletal disorders in the physically active and athletic population. Shoulder injuries are typical among older adults, often decreasing the quality of life. There are no studies investigating the functionality of the UQYBT in older adults. PURPOSE: To examine the functionality of the UQYBT and two variations on the older population, 50 years old and older. METHODS: Eight individuals (2 males and 6 females) participated in this study (56.8±3.9 years, 166.0±10.0 cm, 69.6±13.5 kg). Each participant completed a five-minute warm-up …

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Thirst Sensation Does Not Effect Reaction Time But Decreses Mood In Men, Alan Ky, Hui-Ying Luk, Jarrod Blinch, Yasuki Sekiguchi Feb 2023

Thirst Sensation Does Not Effect Reaction Time But Decreses Mood In Men, Alan Ky, Hui-Ying Luk, Jarrod Blinch, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise in hot environments results in dehydration accompanied by thirst sensation, a vital signal for fluid homeostasis. While cognitive performance and mood have been studied with exercise in hot environments and in dehydration states, no studies have investigated the effect of inducing thirst on cognitive performance and mood. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of inducing thirst on cognitive performance and mood. METHODS: Twelve recreationally active men (mean±SE age: 29±3.6 years; body mass: 74.7±2.3 kg; height, 179.4±2.0 cm; maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]: 49.8±1.9 ml·kg−1·min−1) performed 90 mins of cycling at 55% VO2max …

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Assessing The Most Effective Heat Adaptation Method For Endurance Performance In The Heat: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Dorian-David M. Smith, Ryan Dunn, Yasuki Sekiguchi Feb 2023

Assessing The Most Effective Heat Adaptation Method For Endurance Performance In The Heat: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Dorian-David M. Smith, Ryan Dunn, Yasuki Sekiguchi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The consequences of increasing global warming and the globalization of elite sport have produced increased exposure to episodes of extreme heat for athletes at major sporting events. Heat acclimatization and acclimation (HA) are widely used heat mitigation strategies that aim to help athletes combat the effects of heat-stress on athletic performance and susceptibility to exertional-heat illness. PURPOSE: To assess and quantify the effect of different HA methods on the magnitude of performance and physiological adaptations in endurance trained athletes METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Cochrane-Library, with data from 23 studies gathered for …

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Physiological Effects Of Wearing A Surgical Mask During Anaerobic Exercise, Diana Combs Feb 2023

Physiological Effects Of Wearing A Surgical Mask During Anaerobic Exercise, Diana Combs

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there has been an increase in the use of surgical face masks worn during exercise. Understanding how the use of a face mask during exercise influences performance is important to individuals and their training goals and may reveal potential areas of concern. PURPOSE: To identify how wearing a surgical mask during anaerobic exercise impacts blood lactate levels and other physiological measures when compared to levels during exercise performed with no face covering in healthy adults. METHODS: Twelve participants (21.42 ∓ 0.99 years, 68 ∓ 4.63 cm, 172.92 ∓ 35.50lbs) performed two …

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Forearm Vascular Responses To Rhythmic Handgrip Exercise In Young Healthy Hispanic Men, Randy Liu, Ruby A. Nyarko, Justo Perez, Ashlesha D. Dalve, Tyler Van Wagoner, Crystal Appiah, Jasdeep Kaur Feb 2023

Forearm Vascular Responses To Rhythmic Handgrip Exercise In Young Healthy Hispanic Men, Randy Liu, Ruby A. Nyarko, Justo Perez, Ashlesha D. Dalve, Tyler Van Wagoner, Crystal Appiah, Jasdeep Kaur

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Hispanic American (HA) men have higher prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) when compared to Caucasian American (CA) men (15.3% vs 10.8%). Impaired vascular function is a hallmark of T2D, increasing the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this clinical population. However, vascular function in the Hispanic population has not been investigated thoroughly. To date, only two studies have examined the resting flow mediated dilation (FMD) and found a higher FMD in young, healthy, HA adults. Whether exercise-induced reactive hyperemia is preserved in HA adults remains unknown. PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that young, healthy HA men would …

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The Impact Of Nasal Breathing During Exercise On Cerebral Blood Flow, Jose M. Moris, Christian J. Chang, Vineet K. Paidisetty, Alexandra Blades, Ryan Curtis, Garett Petty, Yunsuk Koh Feb 2023

The Impact Of Nasal Breathing During Exercise On Cerebral Blood Flow, Jose M. Moris, Christian J. Chang, Vineet K. Paidisetty, Alexandra Blades, Ryan Curtis, Garett Petty, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Achieving hypercapnic-induced vasodilation while exercising can increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) to a greater extent than during normoxic conditions. Evidence suggests that nasal breathing during a maximal aerobic effort can elicit a hypercapnic condition. PURPOSE: To compare the effect of combined (CB), oral (OB), and nasal (NB) breathing on CBF during a graded maximal exercise test (GXT). METHODS: Six healthy males (age: 21.83 ± 1.00 years) abstained from physical activity and caffeine for 12+ hours prior to a GXT. Three GXTs were performed (48+ hours between each trial) using a different randomized breathing condition (CB, OB, and NB). After a …

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Role Of Ghrelin Receptor In Sarcopenia: Involvement Of Redox Signaling And Rankl., Mariam A. Othman, Joo Hyun Kim, Khaled Moustfa, John Lawler Feb 2023

Role Of Ghrelin Receptor In Sarcopenia: Involvement Of Redox Signaling And Rankl., Mariam A. Othman, Joo Hyun Kim, Khaled Moustfa, John Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sarcopenia is aging-induced debilitating loss of skeletal muscle strength and function. Evidence from aging research suggests an integration of disrupted mechanotransduction and oxidative stress elevation that leads to muscle atrophy. Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide hormone circulating in both acylated (AG) and unacylated (UAG) forms that acts as a nutrient sensor and metabolic regulator. Acylated ghrelin then binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) or the “ghrelin receptor.” Emerging evidence indicates that GHS-R knockout may hold greater promise in protecting against sarcopenia and fasting-induced atrophy (Wu 2020, Sun 2020). Furthermore, ghrelin can promote the elevation of nNOS, …

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Rebreathing-Induced Hypoxia Improves Insulin Sensitivity In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Jiahui Zhao, Jamie G. Guei, Sophie Lalande Feb 2023

Rebreathing-Induced Hypoxia Improves Insulin Sensitivity In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Jiahui Zhao, Jamie G. Guei, Sophie Lalande

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Hypoxia stimulates glucose uptake through an insulin-independent pathway. PURPOSE: To examine the acute effect of rebreathing-induced hypoxia on plasma glucose and insulin levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that rebreathing-induced hypoxia would attenuate the increase in glucose and insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test. METHODS: Nine individuals with type 2 diabetes (4 women, age: 53±10 years, body mass index: 35±7 kg/m2, HbA1c: 7.1±0.5%) visited the laboratory on two occasions. On both visits, a 2-hour, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was conducted while simultaneously performing a rebreathing-induced hypoxia protocol (RIH) or breathing room …

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The Rankl And Nox2 Signaling In The Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Models Of Skeletal Muscle, Joo Hyun Kim, Mariam Othman, Khaled Moustafa, John Michael Lawler Feb 2023

The Rankl And Nox2 Signaling In The Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Models Of Skeletal Muscle, Joo Hyun Kim, Mariam Othman, Khaled Moustafa, John Michael Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There is a severe sort of muscle disorder and dysfunction caused by a mutation of the dystrophin gene which is called Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The establishment of pathology in the limbs, respiratory systems, and hearts of DMD patients is the awareness of the main point for the inflammation and elevation of oxidative stress. NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox2) produces reactive oxygen species in response to skeletal muscle contractions. Recent studies show that various myopathy indicated the key stress response proteins which can modulate Nox2. The TRAF 6 and RANKL lead to Nox2 complex migration and construction. An increase of pro-inflammatory proteins …

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Investigating The Relationship Between Peripheral Microvascular And Cerebral Vascular Vasodilator Function In College-Aged Individuals, John Kolade, John Akins, Alison Ortiz, Robert Brothers Feb 2023

Investigating The Relationship Between Peripheral Microvascular And Cerebral Vascular Vasodilator Function In College-Aged Individuals, John Kolade, John Akins, Alison Ortiz, Robert Brothers

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Peripheral vascular dysfunction is predictive of numerous conditions including hypertension, type II diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Likewise, impaired cerebral vascular function is linked to neurocognitive conditions including Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, cognitive dysfunction, and stroke. Previous research has reported no relationship between peripheral and extracranial macrovascular function within individuals. However, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the relationship between peripheral microvascular and cerebral vascular function within individuals. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that peripheral microvascular and cerebral vascular function would not be similar within young healthy individuals. METHODS: Data was collected in 59 participants (45 female; …

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The Effects Of Different Intensities On Eccentric Cycling Blood Flow Patterns At A Concentric Cycling Workload Match, Alejandro R. Sanchez, Manuel Gomez, Samuel Montalvo, Alondra Lozano, Sabrina Arias, Alvaro N. Gurovich Feb 2023

The Effects Of Different Intensities On Eccentric Cycling Blood Flow Patterns At A Concentric Cycling Workload Match, Alejandro R. Sanchez, Manuel Gomez, Samuel Montalvo, Alondra Lozano, Sabrina Arias, Alvaro N. Gurovich

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Decrease of blood flow to tissues, due to plaque built by atherosclerosis, increases mortality and morbidity. Homeostatic balance in the vascular system depends directly on endothelial cells, and blood flow, better known as endothelial sheer stress (ESS). Different types of blood flow patterns have been established measured by Reynolds number (Re), and turbulent flow has been associated with the decrease of ESS. Eccentric exercise (ECC) has gained attention as a novel exercise modality that increases muscle performance without increasing metabolic demands; however, little is known about ESS during ECC. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of ECC cycling in blood flow …

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Autophagy Is Required For Mtor-Mediated Anabolism In Skeletal Muscle, Patrick Ryan, Sean Stanelle, Megan Humphries, Colleen L. O'Reilly, Selina Uranga, Jessica M. Cardin, James D. Fluckey Feb 2023

Autophagy Is Required For Mtor-Mediated Anabolism In Skeletal Muscle, Patrick Ryan, Sean Stanelle, Megan Humphries, Colleen L. O'Reilly, Selina Uranga, Jessica M. Cardin, James D. Fluckey

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: While much has been discovered about the role autophagy in protein degradation, recent evidence suggests that autophagy is required for muscular adaptations to exercise, hinting at a hitherto unknown cross-talk between autophagic proteolysis and muscle protein anabolism. Here, we set out to further elucidate the metabolic mechanisms by which autophagy may influence protein anabolism. METHODS: L6 myoblasts received either electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) to induce muscle contraction or were unstimulated to serve as controls, and were then treated with an inhibitor of the ATG4 enzyme which catalyzes the initial step of autophagy NSC185058 (NSC, 100 μM) or DMSO as …

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Sex Differences In The Relationship Between Baroreflex Effectiveness Index And Spontaneous Cardiac Baroreflex Sensitivity, Ziba Taherzadeh, Nicole A. Garza, Rachel J. Skow, Benjamin E. Young, Paul J. Fadel Feb 2023

Sex Differences In The Relationship Between Baroreflex Effectiveness Index And Spontaneous Cardiac Baroreflex Sensitivity, Ziba Taherzadeh, Nicole A. Garza, Rachel J. Skow, Benjamin E. Young, Paul J. Fadel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI) is a relatively new measure used to assess cardiac baroreflex function. It is unclear whether BEI provides independent or complementary information compared to traditional spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) measures. PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to begin to explore the relationship between BEI and BRS in young adults and to investigate the impact of sex on these potential relationships. We hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between BEI and BRS in both males and females. METHODS: We studied 45 young healthy adults, 17 males (24 ± 4 years) and 28 …

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