Digital Commons Network^™

The Fall Of France And Public Opinion During The 1940 United States Presidential Election, Ethan Moyer

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

This article argues that the fall of France in 1940 triggered a profound shift in American public opinion, weakening long‑standing isolationist attitudes and creating fertile ground for Franklin Roosevelt’s internationalist agenda. Drawing on contemporary polling and political developments, it shows how period effects, elite signaling, and coordinated media messaging converged to move the United States toward greater engagement in global security. Ultimately, the study demonstrates how Roosevelt leveraged both crisis and persuasion to redefine the boundaries of mainstream foreign policy in the 1940 election cycle.

From Superstition To Stability: Hobbes On Religion And Political Order, Erin Schulz

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

In this article, the author argues that Hobbes treats religion as a profound political problem because its psychological origins, susceptibility to manipulation, and competing claims to authority can fracture obedience and destabilize the commonwealth. Through a systematic reinterpretation of miracles, prophecy, spirits, and Scripture, Hobbes strips religious authorities of independent power and places all public religious meaning under the sovereign’s control. The paper concludes that Hobbes does not abolish religion but domesticates it, transforming faith into a politically safe instrument that reinforces unity, obedience, and civil peace.

Why Right-Wing Populism Endured In Hungary But Collapsed In Brazil: A Comparative Institutional Analysis, Cooper Fensterstock

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

The main argument of this article is that right‑wing populism has endured in Hungary but collapsed in Brazil because of fundamental differences in institutional design, party cohesion, media control, and the strength of horizontal accountability. Orbán leveraged Hungary’s parliamentary fusion of powers, disciplined Fidesz party, and near-total media dominance to consolidate illiberal rule, while Bolsonaro was constrained by Brazil’s fragmented presidential system, weak party ties, independent judiciary, and pluralistic press. Through this comparative analysis, the paper shows how structural conditions—not just populist rhetoric—shape the durability of democratic backsliding.

Final Report: The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (Snap), Chelsea Livingstone

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

The article evaluates the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), arguing that while it is one of the nation’s most effective anti-hunger policies—reducing food insecurity, lifting millions out of poverty, and stabilizing household resources—it continues to produce uneven outcomes due to administrative burdens, geographic disparities, and barriers faced by rural, immigrant, and mixed‑status households. Using Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework, the paper explains how SNAP’s expansions and limitations reflect shifting alignments among problem recognition, feasible policy solutions, and political will. It concludes with evidence‑based recommendations to improve equity and access, including streamlined enrollment, regionally adjusted benefits, strengthened outreach, and reduced stigma to …

Can Counterterrorism Be Taken Too Far?, Charles Tracy

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

The article evaluates three major counterterrorism tools—surveillance, torture, and drone warfare—through the lens of Just War Theory, arguing that each raises distinct ethical and strategic dilemmas. It concludes that surveillance can be morally permissible when tightly regulated, torture is indefensible both legally and morally, and drone strikes are conditionally ethical only under strict oversight that minimizes civilian harm and ensures accountability. Overall, the paper contends that effective counterterrorism is possible without abandoning human rights, but only when transparency, proportionality, and legal constraints guide state action.

Maritime Piracy In The Straits Of Malacca And Singapore, Brian Kenny

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

This article examines the sharp rise in maritime piracy in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, arguing that the surge stems from the convergence of structural vulnerabilities—dense shipping traffic, poverty-driven motivated offenders, and limited state enforcement capacity—now intensified by global supply chain disruptions and new technologies. It shows that piracy, though currently less violent than in past decades, poses significant economic and security risks for Southeast Asia and the broader global economy. The paper concludes that effective long‑term mitigation requires both strengthened regional maritime cooperation and domestic reforms addressing the socioeconomic roots of piracy, particularly in Indonesia.

Restrictive Voting Laws In The United States, Brian Kenny

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

In this article, the author argues that the recent wave of restrictive voting laws in the United States is driven less by genuine concerns about voter fraud and more by Republican efforts to counteract demographic and political changes that disadvantage the party electorally. Reviewing political science research, it shows that while some restrictions—especially felon disenfranchisement—clearly suppress turnout among marginalized groups, the overall electoral effects of most laws remain mixed due to backlash mobilization and uneven implementation. The paper concludes that despite uncertain partisan gains, these restrictions pose significant risks to democratic equality and require both short‑term mobilization and long‑term structural …

The Equal Pay Act Of 1963, Alyssa Dawson

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

In this article, the author argues that while the Equal Pay Act of 1963 marked an important early milestone in addressing gender‑based wage discrimination, its narrow “equal work” standard, ambiguous language, and employer‑friendly judicial interpretations have limited its long‑term effectiveness. Through policy analysis and case law, it shows how the Act’s incremental design, business‑driven compromises, and failure to address structural and intersectional causes of pay disparity have left significant gaps—particularly for women of color and workers in emerging sectors like the gig economy. The paper concludes that meaningful progress requires strengthening existing enforcement mechanisms and pursuing new, adaptive policies that …

Artificial Intelligence For Customer Relationship Management In The Nigerian Commercial Banking Sector, David Tobi Akobe, Wallace Chigona, Laban Bagui

The African Journal of Information Systems

The continuous increase in the volume of customer data stored by commercial banks necessitates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to enhance customer retention and satisfaction. While a few Nigerian commercial banks do currently leverage these technologies, a significant knowledge gap limits their use across the wider Nigerian commercial banking sector. Guided by Organizational Information Processing (OIP) theory, we carried out a multiple case study to explore how AI technologies were utilized in three commercial banks in Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used to select experienced data professionals employed by these banks and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. …

Evaluation Of The Compliance Of Ultra-Low Dose Drugs Available In Local Iraqi Markets With Regulatory Weight Variation Test, Yousif K. Younis

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Mixing and formulation of drugs with very low dose is a brutal challenge to formulators sometimes due to all kinds of difficulties like segregation, content uniformity and physicochemical stability issues. A careful consideration of all related factors is essential during manufacturing of very low dose drug products. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality control of ultra-low dose drugs of different companies available in local Iraqi and their compliance with regulatory weight variation test. Quantitative analysis conducted to five drugs using weight variation technique with 20 randomly selected tablets for each drug. All of these drugs passed …

A Comparative Study Examining The Effects Of Nifedipine And Minoxidil On Stimulating Hair Growth Using A Mouse Model, Nihad Hussein Ahmed, Rabei Abdullah Salih, Shereen M. Mekkey

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Hair loss is a common human scalp condition caused by chemotherapy, chronic diseases, and aging. Currently, it is estimated that approximately 50% of males and 15–30% of females experience hair loss issues. Minoxidil is considered a preferred treatment for hair loss in men and women. Nifedipine is effective in improving blood circulation and blood supply via its vasodilator action. To compare nifedipine and minoxidil in terms of their effect on stimulating hair growth using a mouse model. Fifteen female albino mice, aged 8 to 10 weeks, were randomly assigned to three groups of five mice each, all with shaved dorsal …

Buccal Films As An Emerging Drug Delivery System: A Comprehensive Review, Syed Faizan Syed Nizamuddin, Nishan N. Bobade, Vikrant P. Wankhade, Sandeep C. Atram, Shrikant D. Pande, Nakul S. Dhore, Shraddha P. Malpani, Ashwin A. Pahurkar

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Oral administration through the digestive tract is still the most common means by which drugs are given, as it is simple and cheap. However, it has some biopharmaceutical limitations in general, such as varying gastrointestinal conditions, enzymatic degradation, and extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism, which decrease drug stability and bioavailability To address these challenges, drug delivery through the oral mucosa (OMDD) has emerged as a potential non-invasive option. The buccal mucosa is well supplied with blood, provides a relatively mild environment, and avoids hepatic first-pass metabolism, thereby resulting in a faster onset of action and improved bioavailability. Mucoadhesive buccal films have …

Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Potential Of Philenoptera Laxiflora: An Emerging African Medicinal Plant For Drug Discovery, Albashir Tahir

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Medicinal plants remain an important source of therapeutic agents and play a significant role in modern drug discovery. Philenoptera laxiflora (Fabaceae) is a tropical African plant widely used in traditional medicine, but the scientific evidence supporting its therapeutic potential remains fragmented. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicological profile of P. laxiflora, while highlighting research gaps and future directions for drug discovery. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Relevant publications on the ethnobotany, …

Prevalence Of Medication Prescription Patterns For Iraqi Outpatients Visiting Otolaryngology Clinics, Mirna. K. Faiq

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of drug use patterns among ENT outpatient settings in Kirkuk, Iraq. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in Kirkuk, Iraq, involving the collection of data from the e-Prescribing system and the review of written prescriptions, including 582 outpatient records from ENT clinics, from January 2024 to December 2024. Results: Most patients were below 20yr age (18.73%), with a male predominance (57%). Ear-related complaints like otitis media were the most frequent (35.22%). The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.82. The percentage of prescriptions in which an antibiotic was prescribed was 84.7%. The percentage …

Preparation And In-Vitro Evaluation Of Tizanidine Flash Oral Dispersible Tablet, Ahmed Yousif Fadhel, Yousif K. Younis

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Background: Oral administration is the most common and preferred route for drug delivery. Oral dispersible tablets (ODTs) are solid dosage forms that disintegrate into saliva without the need for water. Tizanidine is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to manage spasticity from spinal or brain injuries. Preparing it as a flash (ODT) tablet may enhance patient compliance and potentially improve bioavailability by bypassing part of the first-pass metabolism. Methods: Six formulations of tizanidine flash tablets were developed using varying concentrations of mannitol (bulk-forming agent), glycine (to aid tablet collapse), and gelatin (matrix-forming agent). The formulations were evaluated for weight variation, …

Cfd-Based Thermal Performance Analysis Of Dimpled And Grooved Heat Pipes, Mazen M. Othayq, Khalid M. Alanazi

Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science

Heat-transfer enhancement techniques such as fins, dimples, and grooves are widely employed to improve the thermal performance of heat exchangers; however, their application is often accompanied by increased pressure losses. Most existing studies investigate a single enhancement technique over a limited Reynolds number range, with few comparative analyses conducted at high Reynolds numbers using identical geometries. Therefore, this study numerically investigates the thermal–hydraulic performance of five pipe configurations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). All geometries share the same diameter (48.34 mm) and length (7.45 m) and are examined over a Reynolds number range of 4,000–57,000. The configurations include: (1) smooth …

Optimizing The Interaction Between Rotational Speed, Tool Geometry, And Cooling Conditions In Friction Stir Welding Of Aa6061, Karwan B. Mohammed, Ayad F. Shahab

Engineering and Technology Journal

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process. It is widely suitable for welding high-strength aluminum alloys. This study presents a systematic optimization of friction stir welding parameters for AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy by investigating the interaction effects of tool rotational speed, tool pin geometry, and cooling conditions. A Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was employed to examine three rotational speeds (820, 1120, and 1420 rpm), three pin profiles (square, triangular, and tapered), and three cooling conditions (compressed air, water, and crushed ice) while maintain a constant traverse speed of 35 mm/min. Mechanical performance was evaluated through tensile testing and stir-zone …

The Virtual Projection System That Utilizes A Combination Of Convex And Concave Lens Configurations Where Light Rays Can Enter And Exit The Virtual Projection System Effectively As If The Light Rays Were Travelling Without Being Subjected To Any Disturbance While Passing Through The Virtual Projection System., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a virtual projection system that utilizes a combination of convex and concave lens configurations where light rays can enter and exit the virtual projection system effectively as if the light rays were travelling without being subjected to any disturbance while passing through the virtual projection system. The entire virtual projection system will consist of a main virtual projection configuration and an assisting projection configuration. The main virtual projection configuration will contain a projection observing convex lens stack, a beam splitter, a projection assisting convex lens stack and a video display. And the assisting projection configuration will contain …

Stratified Deception-Inference Architecture (Sdia) - A Multi-Layer Adversarial Intelligence Framework For Log Semantics, Intent Inference, And Deception-Aware Observability Systems, Johny Manuel-Devadoss

Defensive Publications Series

Modern observability systems treat logs, traces, and metrics as noisy data sources requiring denoising, aggregation, and statistical anomaly detection. However, this assumption breaks down in adversarial, highly distributed, or rapidly evolving systems where signals may be incomplete, obfuscated, or implicitly deceptive due to system complexity, emergent behaviors, or malicious interference.I propose the Stratified Deception-Inference Architecture (SDIA), a hierarchical cognitive framework that reinterprets observability data as an adversarial communication system rather than a passive telemetry stream. Inspired by strategic deception paradigms from classical warfare, SDIA introduces a multi-layer architecture that explicitly models noise, semantic drift, and hidden intent as first-class computational …

On-Device Multi-Sensor Fusion With Machine Learning For Continuous Transit Navigation, Hui Ling Shi, Louis Lai, Oliver Dolk, Gul Kamisli Hasanoglu, Si Min Ong

Defensive Publications Series

Mobile navigation applications for public transit can experience degraded performance in environments with poor global positioning system signals, such as subway tunnels, which may cause a user's location display to freeze and guidance to cease. A described on-device system may address this by fusing data from a plurality of sensors, such as a barometer, magnetometer, and accelerometer, on a computing device like a smartphone or wearable device. A lightweight machine learning model can process this sensor data to generate a real-time probability that the user is on a moving transit vehicle. This probability may then be combined with a user's …

Hardware-Assisted Microarchitectural Context Cache With Kernel-Guided Predictive Prefetching For Efficient Context Restoration, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

A hardware-assisted Temporal Context Cache (TCC) system is described, including dedicated recorder and loader, integrated with each CPU core and interacting with a global context cache, as well as a controller component of which there may be several instances per SOC. During execution the recorder captures critical microarchitectural state, which may include L2 cache line addresses, L1 instruction cache addresses, branch prediction metadata, TLB state, prefetcher metadata, storing it in a local cache. When a thread yields or is preempted, the recorder saves this data to a global context cache asynchronously. The kernel scheduler then informs the hardware controller of …

Pinning Messages In Large Language Model Chat Interfaces, Florian Hartmann, Victor Carbune

Defensive Publications Series

A lack of persistent message visibility in large language model chat interfaces often requires users to repeatedly request information or results in the model regenerating previously provided content. This disclosure describes a method for pinning specific messages within a chat thread to ensure they remain visible regardless of scrolling position. The core technology involves an inference flow where either a user or the model identifies a message to be pinned via a user interface or tool call. Metadata regarding the pinned status is integrated into the model prompt, enabling the model to reference or highlight specific sections of the pinned …

Refractive Index Determination Of Rectangular Optical Slabs Using Modified Ray Tracing Method, Ubong Williams Robert, Sunday Edet Etuk, Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi

Engineering and Technology Journal

The traditional ray tracing method (TRM) for determining the refractive index of optical materials is often time-consuming and poses challenges for individuals with visual impairments. Accurate refractive index determination is essential for selecting materials in optical instruments, optoelectronic devices, and optical communication systems. With the emergence of new materials, there is an increasing need for techniques that overcome the limitations of the TRM. In this study, a Modified Ray Tracing Method (MRTM) incorporating the use of a plane mirror to enhance image localisation and reduce alignment ambiguity was developed for determining the refractive indices of various optical materials, including soda, …

The Impact Of People Interests In Evaluating The Open Public Spaces' Quality In The City Centre, Hasan Hadi, Adil Al-Saidi, Haitham Alshamari

HBRC Journal

The quality of open public spaces in city centres significantly affects people's satisfaction and responses to their built environment. The significance of these areas allow people to assess their performance. this paper addresses the issue of People's interests that affect their evaluation of public urban spaces in city centres. The research applied an ontological methodology that is people's experiences determine the spatial quality of the public spaces in city centres. In order to discover and assess the seven value variables, it recommended diagnosing a random sample of users as a group (A) and (B). The urban space in the historic …

Bioactive Constituents And Pharmacological Activities Of Curcuma Zedoaria: A Mini-Review, Abdulmutalib Allaq, Muneer M. Saleh Mohammed Saleh Alsayadi, Mustapha Salihu, Hasan M. Agha, Amena Hassan Hassan Gheeth, Fatimah Salim, Norrizah Jaafar Jaafar Sidik

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. (white turmeric) is a rhizomatous medicinal plant in the Zingiberaceae family, widely used in traditional Asian medicine. In recent years, increasing scientific attention has focused on its diverse pharmacological properties and bioactive constituents. This mini review summarises current knowledge of the phytochemical composition and biological activities of C. zedoaria, with particular emphasis on its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Phytochemical investigations using analytical techniques such as GC–MS and HPLC have revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds, including sesquiterpenes (example, germacrone, curzerenone, and curdione) and curcuminoids, which contribute to its therapeutic potential. Experimental studies demonstrate …

Evaluation Of Circulating Hpg80, Ca15-3, Estrogen And Progesterone As Biomarkers In Breast Cancer Patients, Safa Khaldoon, Emad Yousif, Khawla A. Kasar, Muna Bufaroosha, Rahimi Yusop

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

It is very important to find reliable biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of treatment response because breast cancer is still one of the most common cancers in women around the world. The goal of this study was to find out how clinically important different biochemical markers are in Iraqi women with breast cancer. Some of these signs are progesterone (PG), oestrogen (E2), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), and circulating progastrin (hPG80). There were 100 women in this study, and they were all between the ages of 20 and 70. There were three groups of people who took part: a healthy …

Synergistic Endocytic Receptor Ligand Receptor Protein 2 In T2dm, Wafaa Raji Alfatlawi

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

Purpose: The glycoprotein molecule known as megalin is present on the proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. With an emphasis on megalin and cubilin levels in T2DM and IR patients, an area that obviously needs more research, this study attempts to give an outline of current knowledge of megalin function in relation to vitamin D and its metabolite (vitamin D receptor and vitamin D binding protein). Materials and Methods: This was a case control comparative study conducted at a endocrine and diabetes center in AL-Imamain Kadumain teaching hospital in Baghdad-Iraq. Study subjects were divided into three groups: 25 with T2DM with …

Ultra Vires Dan Pertanggungjawaban Direksi, Chatamarrasjid Ais

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Penetapan Alur·Alur Laut Kepulauan Menurut Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982, Luh Putu Sudini

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Solusi Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (Tki) Di Luar Negeri, T. Soelaiman

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract