Digital Commons Network^™

Increasing Pride Skills For Child Engagement Using Cdi-Only Ipcit With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jordan T. Etherington, Zachary C. Labrot, Emily R. Defouw, Brad Dufrene, Brittany D. Garza, Amarah Sweaks, Briley Newcomb

Faculty Publications

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display elevated levels of challenging behaviors and decreased social engagement. Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) may help children with ASD increase rates at which they engage and interact with their caregivers. Existing barriers to treatment completion, including high attrition and travel time and costs, may be ameliorated by delivering PCIT virtually (iPCIT) and setting attainable mastery criteria. This study utilized a multiple baseline design across three caregiver-child dyads with ASD to determine whether an iPCIT protocol affected caregivers’ use of positive engagement skills, children’s engagement, and children’s challenging behaviors. Results demonstrated increased and …

Sustainable Technology Evolution In Innovation Ecosystems: A Regulatory Framework For (Non)-Convergent Technologies, Christopher Agyapong Siaw, Joseph Amankwah-Amoah

Plymouth Business School

Technological convergence is a critical driver of technological evolution and industrial transformation, yet, convergence also generates complex ethical, sustainability, and regulatory challenges that remain poorly understood and insufficiently theorized. This study advances a conceptual framework that explains the regulatory mechanisms shaping convergence and non-convergence dynamics across three ecosystem layers: components, products and applications, and support and infrastructure. By distinguishing these layers, the framework reveals how interdependent evolution can raise ethical, sustainability, and regulatory concerns at different levels. The study advances theory by (1) reconceptualizing convergence as a multi-layered phenomenon, (2) expanding analysis beyond appropriability indicators such as patents to includedevelopment-based …

Mental Health Outcome Disparities In Children With A History Of Maltreatment: A Qualitative Study, Anna V. Echaury

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Child maltreatment is a widespread social issue that leads to lasting effects that include perpetuating cycles of violence and can lead to long term problems in adulthood. The presented study aims to focus on describing the mental health outcome disparities in children who have experienced child maltreatment. Although existing studies have addressed mental health outcomes, previous work has overlooked the disparities between children who have experienced maltreatment and children who have not. This qualitative study will collect data using interviews and utilize thematic analysis to analyze the collected data. This research will enhance understanding of the impact of child maltreatment …

Human Trafficking Of Children Efficacy Of Counter Trafficking Programs For Youth, Alma Rodriguez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Human trafficking is a global problem, and it is a significant problem within the United States. Children are a vulnerable group that become victims of human trafficking operations. Human trafficking prevention programs are available to address this issue, but there is much needed research to test the effectiveness of the countertrafficking programs for high-risk children. This study is a systematic review of studies on countertrafficking programs. This study will use a mixed methods approach to analyze quantitative and qualitative data from selected studies. This study hopes to find if current counter-trafficking programs are effective in preventing at-risk youth from becoming …

Evaluating The Impact Of Myplate-Based Expanded Food And Nutrition Education Program (Efnep) On Healthy Dietary Choices Among Low-Income Families, Theresa N. Agbonome

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Dietary behaviors towards healthy food choices remain a major public health issue in the United States, with prevalence among low-income families. The University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (UCANR) with Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) trains both health educators and volunteers to provide community-based nutrition education, which prioritizes low-income families. The initiative employs the MyPlate guidelines that are composed of 5 different food groups which include fruits, vegetables, protein, grains, and dairy products. This project focuses on evaluating nutritional habits of disadvantaged families within San Bernardino County (SBC) by using an evidence-based evaluation tool known as the …

We Define The Future: Lived Experiences Of Foster Youth In Higher Education And The Role Of The Educational Opportunity Program, Krystalyn T. Diaz

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Foster youth face significant barriers to higher education, including housing instability, financial insecurity, trauma, and limited adult support, contributing to low college completion rates, with only 3 to 11 percent earning a bachelor’s degree (Morton, 2018; Moyer & Goldberg, 2019). The Educational Opportunity Program (EOP), established in 1969 within the California State University system, was designed to reduce these barriers through counseling, mentoring, financial assistance, and basic needs support. However, limited research has centered the voices of foster youth to understand their experiences with these services. Guided by Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Resilience Theory, this qualitative phenomenological study explored …

Suplexing Silence: A Media Analysis Of Sexual Misconduct In Pro Wrestling’S #Speakingout, Tommy W. Mccardle

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The 2020 #SpeakingOut movement marked a pivotal moment in professional wrestling, as survivors of sexual misconduct publicly challenged longstanding industry norms surrounding power, silence, and accountability. This study employs thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) to examine how survivor narratives and organizational responses constructed competing meanings during the height of the movement between June 1 and August 31, 2020. Drawing from publicly available posts on X (formerly Twitter) and official company statements, the analysis explores how discourse functioned as a site of both resistance and institutional preservation. Inductive analysis of survivor narratives produced three primary themes: Abuse of Power, The …

The Impact Of The 2018 Zero Tolerance Policy On Children In The U.S Child Welfare System, Gabrielle Pelayo, Griselda Padron, Alexxis Garcia

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In 2018, the implementation of the Zero Tolerance Policy led to the forced separation of children from their parents at the United States/Mexico border, raising concerns about the potential effects on children’s attachment relationships and mental health. Guided by ecological systems theory and attachment theory, the study will explore how separation shaped children’s attachment relationships and mental health outcomes, and what these experiences reveal about gaps within the child welfare system’s capacity to respond effectively. The two guiding research questions are: (1) How have the experiences of children separated under the 2018 Zero Tolerance Policy influenced their attachment relationships and …

Assessing Family Burden In Borderline Personality Disorder: Family Functioning, Relationship Dynamics, And Emotional Well-Being, Alina Palomino, Gabriela Rivera

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to explore and understand the impacts of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) on the family system, specifically in the areas of family functioning, relationship dynamics, and emotional well-being through the assessment of burden. The proposed study would employ a mixed-methods approach to provide a comprehensive understanding of how families adapt to the behavioral and emotional patterns of this mental health condition. Quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews would be incorporated to enhance understanding of this dynamic. Semi-structured interviews would provide deeper insight into emotional dynamics, communication patterns, caregiving roles, and coping strategies, while the Burden Assessment …

Maltreatment In Out-Of-Home Care: Former Foster Youths' Perspectives On Experiences And Investigation, Sarah Avila

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

One of the tasks of the public child welfare system (PCWS) is to remove children from their home when abuse or neglect has occurred at a level that warrants removal. The PCWS places these children in licensed foster homes under the assumption that they will be safe and nurtured under the care of licensed foster caregivers. However, previous research have consistently shown that children experience ongoing maltreatment while in out-of-home care. This negligence is especially alarming when considering the United States’ rates of children in the foster care system. Despite the prevalence of this issue, little qualitative studies have been …

Latino Men’S Experience Of Dui Conviction In Imperial County: A Narrative Theory Approach, Jhonathan Fajardo

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

According to California Department of Justice data, Latino drivers accounted for the largest share of any racial or ethnic group for Driving Under the Influence (DUI) arrests. Latino men are disproportionately affected by DUI arrests and alcohol-related harms in California, yet little is known about how they themselves understand and navigate life after a DUI. This study examines Latino men’s narratives of life before, during, and after a DUI conviction. Prior scholarship has largely relied on quantitative data to show that Latino men are overrepresented in DUI statistics. What remains underexplored are Latino men’s first-person, culturally grounded narratives of what …

Evaluating Social Work Intervention Effectiveness Among Veterans Seeking Ptsd Treatment, Ashlyn Gaines

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This proposed study will examine how social work interventions are associated with PTSD symptom severity and treatment engagement among veterans. Veterans frequently experience ongoing psychological distress, and inconsistent engagement in treatment remains a significant concern for social work practice. Understanding whether specific social work interventions are linked to reduced PTSD symptoms and improved treatment participation will contribute to strengthening evidence-informed services. A quantitative, descriptive, and correlational proposed research design will be used to survey veterans regarding their treatment experiences and symptom levels. Data would be analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and multiple regression analyses to determine relationships between interventions …

Certified Health Education Specialist Exam Toolkit For Undergraduate Public Health Students, Briana C. Villari

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES) is a credentialing exam that is offered by the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc (NCHEC) for public health professionals and students. With the completion of this exam, individuals can demonstrate their mastery of core health education skills and concepts. With the 2025 testing cycle, roughly 63 to 73 percent of test takers passed. The purpose of this project is to create a CHES exam toolkit for undergraduate public health students in preparation for their exam. The development of this toolkit was guided by the Health Education Specialists Practical Analysis (HESPA II 2020), …

The Impact Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Mental Health And Substance Use Among Black Foster Youth And Young Adults With Foster Care Experience, Jessica Davis, Leslie Del Pozo, Lorina Ramos-Delgado, Jarren Ho See

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Historically throughout the U.S, Black youth have been overrepresented in the foster care system and are more likely to experience high levels of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), racial discrimination, and frequent placement changes. Over time, these experiences can increase the risk of long-term mental health challenges and substance use. While research shows a strong link between ACEs and negative health outcomes in general, fewer studies focus specifically on ACES affecting Black foster youth or consider the role of culturally grounded resilience. This study examines how high ACE scores affect mental health and substance use among Black adolescents and young adults …

When A Sum Of Cubes Equals The Square Of The Sum, Jessica M. Aguilar

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This thesis investigates extensions and structural generalizations of the classical identity \[ \sum_{k=1}^{n} k^3 = \left( \sum_{k=1}^{n} k \right)^2, \] traditionally attributed to Nicomachus of Gerasa. Despite its simple look, this cube - square identity reveals connections between combinatorics, multiplicative number theory, and Diophantine equations.

We begin by presenting an expanded combinatorial proof of the identity based on Stein’s rectangle - counting argument, clarifying the geometric structure underlying the formula. We then establish a multiplicative analogue using Euler’s divisor-counting function \( \tau(n) \), proving that \[ \sum_{d \mid n} \tau(d)^3 = \left( \sum_{d \mid n} \tau(d) \right)^2, \] thereby extending …

Female Victimization In Intimate Partner Violence, Phileine Phan

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a widespread issue that disproportionately affects women, causing significant physical, psychological, and economic harm. Although research has explored IPV prevalence and risk factors, fewer studies address how race, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and disability intersect to shape women’s experiences and access to support. Generalizing survivors’ experiences often leads to overlooked services and policies for marginalized women. This study addresses that gap through a qualitative systematic review of peer-reviewed research on IPV victimization among women in the United States. A thematic analysis will be used to identify patterns related to systematic inequalities, help-seeking barriers, and the …

Assessing The Needs Of Public Health Professionals In The Inland Empire, Esteban Silva-Garcia

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

An effective public health system relies on the need for highly trained professionals with degrees or certifications within the field of public health. As public health continues to evolve, professionals are required to improve and evolve with the pace of technology and knowledge advancements. This project focuses on reviewing literature on the current ongoing needs of public health professionals and providing them with resources that are available at low to no cost. It surveys the needs of public health professionals in the Inland Empire and the solutions created by organizations and federal agencies to support professional development for current and …

The Quantification Of Fluoride Water Quality And Its Significance On Oral Health, Harleen Kaur Maroak

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral and studies have shown that when added to community water supplies, it effectively reduces dental caries. According to the U.S. Public Health Services (PHS), 0.7mg/L is the optimal fluoride level in drinking water to prevent tooth decay. This study focuses on examining the fluoride levels in water in San Bernardino County (SBC) and Riverside County (RC). Data is collected from recently published articles, databases along with assessing the laboratory water sample (n=45) analysis to determine if the fluoride levels are meeting the optimal standards. In SBC, there are total of 154 water systems with …

When Health Meets The Classroom: Diabetes, Depression, And Absenteeism, Megan Lindsay Meyer, Victor Sanchez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This proposed study would examine how diabetes and depressive symptoms influence school attendance among students ages 10 to 17 in one school district. Students with diabetes who experience higher levels of depressive symptoms might be at increased risk for chronic absenteeism, which could negatively affect both academic performance and emotional well-being. Despite growing awareness of pediatric diabetes and school-based mental health needs, gaps would remain in understanding how diabetes self-management relates to depression and attendance outcomes. This proposed quantitative comparative study would include students with and without diabetes. Participants would complete standardized measures assessing diabetes self-management and depressive symptoms, and …

Trauma-Informed School Practices, Mental Health, And Academic Engagement Among High School Foster Youth, Ashley Avila, Vanessa Ramirez, Jaden Simmons

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Exposure to abuse, neglect, family separation, and violence can negatively affect foster youths’ well-being and their ability to succeed in school environments. Studies have shown that punitive disciplinary responses may contribute to retraumatization and school discouragement, while school settings are often one of the few stable environments in the lives of foster youth. Although trauma-informed school practices have been associated with improved school climate and student engagement, limited research has specifically examined how foster youths’ perceptions of these practices are associated with their mental well-being and academic engagement in high school settings. The purpose of this proposed study is to …

Interrupting Intergenerational Trauma, Teresa Iribe-Arroyo, Demiana Adel Shenouda

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events that occur during childhood, the ages of 0 and 17. Many individuals may have experienced ACEs without fully recognizing how these early experiences continue to affect their daily lives. These inhibitors can include mental health struggles, physical health problems, academic and behavioral functioning. In contrast, Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) can serve as protective factors, helping to buffer against some of the negative outcomes associated with childhood trauma. This proposed study seeks to better understand how both ACEs and PCEs shape individuals into adulthood, particularly in their roles as parents.

This proposed research would …

Effects Of Weight Loss Medications In Combination With Psychotropic Medications, Emily A. Hoffman

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Background and aims: The obesity epidemic has been well-documented and weight loss medications are becoming increasingly popular. Patients with psychiatric conditions often suffer metabolic side effects from psychotropic medications and are often prescribed weight loss medications to mitigate these side effects. When treating patients on these medications concurrently, understanding their potential side effects is essential for developing an effective care plan. Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs), pharmacists, and mental health professionals working in mental health facilities should be aware of these potential side effects to better care for their patients.

Methods: After completing a thorough literature review, a handbook …

Against Despair: Hope As Rhetorical Practice In Chicana Theatre, Esperanza Arreola

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This thesis argues that Chicana theatre functions as survival pedagogy—a rhetorical practice that teaches communities to name structural violence, transform bodily trauma into collective power, and rehearse liberation as a precondition for enacting it. Drawing on Kenneth Burke’s concept of literature as “equipment for living,” Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed, and Cynthia M. Sheard’s reconceptualization of epideictic rhetoric as community formation, I analyze three plays that exemplify this pedagogy: Cherríe Moraga’s Heroes and Saints (1992) and The Hungry Woman: A Mexican Medea (2001), and Josefina López’s Real Women Have Curves (1990).

These works address distinct but interlocking forms of …

Effects Of Western Beauty Ideals In Social Media On Latina Women's Body Image, Angel S. Espinosa, Lizette Casillas-Rodriguez, Dalia Osorio

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The proposed study would utilize a quantitative design to examine the relationship between social media use and body dissatisfaction among Latina college students from ages 18-25. The purpose is to investigate the correlation between social media engagement and body dissatisfaction with particular attention to the impact of Westernized beauty standards on Latina women.

Data will be collected through an online Qualtrics survey utilizing standardized measures of appearance-related social media behaviors. On a micro level, results may inform culturally responsive clinical interventions. At a mezzo level, findings may support the development of community-based support groups and prevention programs for Latina communities. …

Self-Care At The Organizational Level, Rosa Gallegos-Valades, Viviana Hummel

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Self-care in the social work profession is commonly framed as an individual responsibility; however, organizational environments play a critical role in shaping workers’ ability to engage in sustainable self-care practices. This study will focus on understanding how workplace environments influence professional self-care among social workers. Much of the existing literature emphasizes personal coping strategies while overlooking structural and organizational supports that enable or constrain self-care. Previous research has largely failed to address the importance of professional self-care at the organizational level, which can unintentionally place responsibility solely on individuals and contribute to feelings of inadequacy when self-care is difficult to …

Farmworker Mental Health: Identifying Environmental And Occupational Factors, Lizette Alvarez, Lizette De Loera, Melissa Zambrano

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Farmworkers have an extensive history of contributing to the economic development of the United States. However, research has paid limited attention to this population. From the ecological systems theory approach the purpose of this study is to contribute to the limited amount of research literature available on the implications of farmworkers mental health due to the experiences they encounter in regards to their occupational, environmental, psychosocial and community factors they face. This study will use a mixed methods approach, because of the researcher’s interest in detailed information about farmworkers’ environmental and occupational factors that impact their mental health. One hundred …

What Kind Of Foster Care Parent Training Leads To A Reduction In Foster Care Maltreatment?, Itzel K. Alcaras

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This research proposal would identify the gaps in foster parent training and how caregiver maltreatment increases the risk of re-traumatization of foster children. While foster care is designed to promote safety, protection, and stability for children, existing literature continues to show that inadequate trauma-informed and evidence-based training may hinder caregivers' ability to respond to their complex needs, leading foster children to continue experiencing emotional and psychological harm. To further assess this concern, an exploratory qualitative study would be implemented utilizing a semi-structured interview that will include demographic questions then transition to open-ended questions format that will examine caregiver perceptions of …

Foster Youth Success In Higher Education, Brianna Mosqueda, Ana Gutierrez Perez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This proposed study explores the topic of foster youth and their personal experiences, identifying influential factors in career choice at higher levels of education. Emphasized factors include overall motivation levels, personal experiences, financial factors, support, and potential challenges. Results of this proposed study could identify resources to better understand current gaps in educational success using two theories, such as Social Cognitive Career Theory and Self-Determination Theory. Study data would be analyzed using a quantitative approach, implementing non-probability sampling, specifically quota sampling, to identify and recruit foster care youth participants. Survey responses collected via scaling questions would be transferred from the …

Foster Youth Perspectives On The Effectiveness Of School-Based Academic Support, Stephanie Monroy

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This research aims to explore how foster youth perceive the effectiveness of various evidence-based interventions that have previously been used to support their education. Due to the various barriers that foster youth face, they often experience significantly lower academic performance than their non-foster youth peers. Consequently, high school graduation rates among foster youth remain significantly lower than those of their non-foster youth peers. Much of the existing literature is outdated and does not adequately reflect current educational realities for foster youth. Additionally, existing literature primarily focuses on measurable outcomes and program evaluations, with less emphasis on ensuring the lived experiences …

The Role Of Placement Experiences In Foster Youth Vulnerability To Commercial Sexual Exploitation, Viridiana Jauregui Estrada

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Youth involved in the child welfare system face a heightened risk of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), particularly those who experience placement instability or placement in congregate care settings. While existing research consistently documents the overrepresentation of foster youth among those impacted by CSEC, less attention has been given to how specific placement experiences function as mechanisms that shape vulnerability. Guided by the Complex Trauma Framework and the Socio-Ecological Theory, this study will examine how placement instability and placement type increase foster youths’ vulnerability to CSEC and explore the role of trauma-informed social work interventions in mitigating these risks. …