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Using Effect Sizes, Confidence Intervals, And The Bayes Factor To Better Understand The T-Test, Analysis Of Variance, And Regression Results, Holmes Finch May 2026

Using Effect Sizes, Confidence Intervals, And The Bayes Factor To Better Understand The T-Test, Analysis Of Variance, And Regression Results, Holmes Finch

Perspectives on Early Childhood Psychology and Education

Null hypothesis testing is a widely used paradigm for assessing research hypotheses across the social sciences. Despite their ubiquity, researchers have discussed a number of problems and limitations to hypothesis testing and have suggested alternatives that might provide greater depth and explanation of research results. The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of several such alternatives and to show how they can be integrated with one another and with null hypothesis testing in order to provide a more holistic view of research hypotheses.


Early Education Indirect Service Research With Generalization Data: A Systematic Review Of Single-Case Design Methodological Rigor, Zachary C. Labrot, Brittany D. Garza, Tyler Smith, Emily Maxime, Abigail Lawson May 2026

Early Education Indirect Service Research With Generalization Data: A Systematic Review Of Single-Case Design Methodological Rigor, Zachary C. Labrot, Brittany D. Garza, Tyler Smith, Emily Maxime, Abigail Lawson

Perspectives on Early Childhood Psychology and Education

Consultation and coaching are both forms of indirect service delivery that have been found to be effective for improving early childhood educators’ implementation of evidence-based practices. These indirect service delivery modalities have also been found to be effective for promoting early childhood educators’ generalization of evidence-based practices. However, less is known regarding the methodological rigor of early childhood indirect service delivery research that collected generalization data. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to apply the 2020 and 2020 What Works Clearinghouse single-case design standards to this literature base to determine the extent to which these studies were conducted in …


Guest Editor's Introduction: Methodological Innovations For Advancing Early Childhood Educational And Psychological Research, Anthony Mangino Ph.D. May 2026

Guest Editor's Introduction: Methodological Innovations For Advancing Early Childhood Educational And Psychological Research, Anthony Mangino Ph.D.

Perspectives on Early Childhood Psychology and Education

The goal of this special issue is to provide you, the inquisitive reader and developmental scientist, with some of the methodological tools to aid in augmenting your analytic capacity.


Explorations Of Border-Crossing Identity Through Dreamscape In Frontera, Mariela Speltz May 2026

Explorations Of Border-Crossing Identity Through Dreamscape In Frontera, Mariela Speltz

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

This analysis examines how Frontera, a graphic novel that follows a young man as he attempts to cross the Sonoran Desert to return to Arizona after being deported, draws upon the mythologically-rich space of the desert to create a dreamscape that explores Mexican-American identity. Featuring visual differentiation, cultural icons, and spiritual figures that interact with the main character, Mateo, the text’s dreamscape serves as a narrative bridge for characters to transcend their individual identity and connect with a communal identity. Specifically, a spiritual jaguar from Aztec mythology, and the ghost of an immigrant who died crossing the desert help Mateo …


Influence Of Pollinator Island Patch Size On Forb Establishment And Pollinator Networks In Palouse Prairie Restoration, Yaelle Esther Reeve May 2026

Influence Of Pollinator Island Patch Size On Forb Establishment And Pollinator Networks In Palouse Prairie Restoration, Yaelle Esther Reeve

2026 Symposium

The Palouse Prairie Ecoregion is one of North America’s most endangered grassland ecosystems, with less than 1% retaining native vegetation. Restoration efforts have struggled to re-establish ecologically important native forbs and the plant–pollinator interactions necessary for long-term community stability. Spatial configuration of floral resources is known to influence pollinator foraging behavior and interaction network structure, yet few studies have evaluated how planting scale affects both plant establishment and pollinator community assembly in early-stage prairie restoration. My research aims to evaluate how variations in the size (0.1, 1, and 10 m²) of grouped wildflower plantings (pollinator islands) affect native forb establishment, …


Partisan Perceptions Of Humanity: Dehumanization Of Israelis And Palestinians By U.S. Adults, Margot Pressman, Faith Richards, Ainsley Medina May 2026

Partisan Perceptions Of Humanity: Dehumanization Of Israelis And Palestinians By U.S. Adults, Margot Pressman, Faith Richards, Ainsley Medina

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Dehumanization, the perception of others as less than fully human, frequently emerges in contexts of intergroup conflict. Drawing on Haslam's (2006) two-factor model distinguishing mechanistic and animalistic dehumanization, this study examined how U.S. adults perceive Israelis and Palestinians amid the ongoing Israeli-Gaza conflict, with political affiliation explored as a potential moderating variable. A sample of 210 participants (98 Democrats, 110 Republicans) rated both groups on dehumanization and liking measures using anchored sliding scales. Contrary to expectations, dehumanization items did not load onto two distinct factors; instead, a single composite measure demonstrated adequate reliability (α = .787). Results indicated that Palestinians …


Analyzing The Effects Of Carbon Markets On Environmental Quality Within A Country, Taila Patterson May 2026

Analyzing The Effects Of Carbon Markets On Environmental Quality Within A Country, Taila Patterson

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Carbon markets have been used as a tool to combat climate change for decades. However, climate change is still on the rise with people saying the world is approaching the point of no return. This study evaluates the effects of carbon markets on environmental quality of a country through an ordinary least squares regression model. Environmental quality is measured through the existence of carbon markets, carbon taxation, human development, and petrostates. Results indicate a positive relationship between carbon markets and environmental quality. These results demonstrate that carbon markets do positively effect environmental quality, thereby creating a framework for advising policy …


Investigation Of Molecular Interactions Between Peroxisome Biogenesis Factors Pex3 And Pex 19, Vania Hernandez May 2026

Investigation Of Molecular Interactions Between Peroxisome Biogenesis Factors Pex3 And Pex 19, Vania Hernandez

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are caused by disrupted peroxisome formation, which impairs cellular metabolism, leading to poor muscle tone, seizures, hearing and vision loss, and skeletal abnormalities. Peroxisomes are small membrane-bound organelles that perform essential synthesis, breakdown, and detoxification reactions. Peroxisomes can be created through fission, the division of existing mature peroxisomes, or de novo biogenesis. In de novo biogenesis, the endoplasmic reticulum secretes vesicles containing peroxisomal proteins (peroxins) that recruit additional peroxins to form a mature peroxisome. PEX3 and PEX19 are peroxisomal biogenesis factors that interact to coordinate trafficking and import of peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs). The molecular nature …


Homelessness Rate Across The United States, Carson D. Washburn May 2026

Homelessness Rate Across The United States, Carson D. Washburn

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Analysis of homelessness rates across each state, looking at different economic causes.


Nba Spread Betting Outcomes, Jacob Tyler Harmon May 2026

Nba Spread Betting Outcomes, Jacob Tyler Harmon

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

This study attempts to find the best explanation for individual NBA games outcomes. Using econometric regression analysis, the research shows a methodology for predicting whether a team covers the spread in any given game. The focus is the betting market of professional basketball, as sports betting continues to garner momentum in North America. The purpose of the research is income maximization.


Economic Analysis Of The S&P 500 Index Valuation And Household Wealth, Eric Albios May 2026

Economic Analysis Of The S&P 500 Index Valuation And Household Wealth, Eric Albios

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

This economic analysis focuses on the valuation of the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index. Using economic, monetary, and behavioral indicators, and annual data during the period 1990 - 2024, these indicators serve as independent variables in an economic regression, which quantifies the statistical relationship between key factors and the average annual market price of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. Resulting in a linear model that can be used to demonstrate accuracy in valuating the S&P 500 Index, in comparison to the average annual market price, along with anticipated effects on households invested in the financial markets.


Determinants Of College Major Choice, Nick Reggiani May 2026

Determinants Of College Major Choice, Nick Reggiani

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

This study identifies the economic determinants of college major choice at Linfield University. Grounded in a utility maximization framework adapted from Arcidiacono et al. (2010), the theoretical model posits that students select majors by maximizing utility through personal preference against the expected value of future earnings and career outcomes. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to analyze institutional census data matched with national labor market indicators, the research finds that major declarations are strongly predicted by high early-career wages and low unemployment rates. Ultimately, measurable economic returns are critical drivers of student academic decisions.


The Impact Of Marine Reserves On Recreational Salmon Catch And Salmon Angler Behavior Along The Oregon Coast, Zharyck Lopez May 2026

The Impact Of Marine Reserves On Recreational Salmon Catch And Salmon Angler Behavior Along The Oregon Coast, Zharyck Lopez

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Salmon populations along the Pacific Northwest coast are vital to regional ecosystems, local economies, and recreational fisheries, yet they face increasing pressure from overfishing, habitat degradation, and environmental changes, promoting the implementation of marine reserves (MRs). This study evaluated both ecological and behavioral effects by integrating stock dynamics with angler decision-making within a Gordon-Schaefer framework. Ecological impacts are measured through changes in salmon abundance and potential spillover into adjacent fishing areas. Angler effort is modeled as a function of stock changes, catch success, travel distance, ocean conditions (Pacific Decadal Oscillation), angler knowledge, and proximity to MRs. Results indicate that MRs …


A Gis Analysis Of The Relationship Between Ndvi Value, Slope, And Aspect Of The Terrain Of The Prairie Restoration Project, Basil Lund May 2026

A Gis Analysis Of The Relationship Between Ndvi Value, Slope, And Aspect Of The Terrain Of The Prairie Restoration Project, Basil Lund

2026 Symposium

The Prairie Restoration Project (PRP) encompasses 115 acres of land on the west side of the EWU campus. The goal of the PRP is to restore what was once a section of wheat farm back to its original Palouse prairie state. Here, I am using publicly available satellite data to examine some potential variables affecting the health of wheat plants planted in the years 2009 to 2017. I have used 4-band aerial imagery to create a map of NDVI values within the bounds of the PRP, which visualizes the near-infrared wavelengths that are reflected by healthy, chlorophyll-rich plants. I have …


Native Wayland Compositing On Apple Ecosystems: Assessing The Feasibility Of “Wawona” Compositor, Alex Spaulding May 2026

Native Wayland Compositing On Apple Ecosystems: Assessing The Feasibility Of “Wawona” Compositor, Alex Spaulding

2026 Symposium

The Wayland display protocol is the modern standard for Linux window management, emphasizing security, performance, and simplicity. Expanding this ecosystem to macOS, iOS, and Android introduces technical hurdles due to proprietary windowing systems and divergent hardware APIs. This research evaluates the feasibility of developing a native Wayland Compositor for Apple and Android, given the closed nature of these ecosystems.

“Wawona” bridges this gap by architecting a native Wayland Compositor capable of executing unmodified Linux applications. The methodology involves implementing the Wayland protocol stack into native abstractions leveraging Metal, Android’s graphics pipeline, and CoreAnimation.


Medieval Writings On Sex Between Men. Peter Damian’S “The Book Of Gomorrah” And Alain De Lille’S “The Plaint Of Nature,” By David Rollo, Kersti Francis May 2026

Medieval Writings On Sex Between Men. Peter Damian’S “The Book Of Gomorrah” And Alain De Lille’S “The Plaint Of Nature,” By David Rollo, Kersti Francis

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


2018u_Uc02_Approved_Bc_Ags-Change, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Uc02_Approved_Bc_Ags-Change, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Uc01d_Misc_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Uc01d_Misc_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Uc01c_Misc_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Uc01c_Misc_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Uc01a_Misc_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Uc01a_Misc_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Uc01b_Misc_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Uc01b_Misc_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Uc01_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3-Revision1, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Uc01_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3-Revision1, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Uc01_Misc_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Uc01_Misc_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Uc01_Approved_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3-Revision1, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Uc01_Approved_Lon11_Bas-Org-Supervision-V3-Revision1, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2017u_Us01_Approved_Removing-Cs-1013-Or-Cit-1503-Requirement-Bgs, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2017u_Us01_Approved_Removing-Cs-1013-Or-Cit-1503-Requirement-Bgs, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Sm05_Approved_Bc_Physics-Replace-Degree-Requirement, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Sm05_Approved_Bc_Physics-Replace-Degree-Requirement, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Ms01_Approved_Cr_Msl-2103, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Ms01_Approved_Cr_Msl-2103, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Sm04_Approved_Cd_Phys-3272-3282, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Sm04_Approved_Cd_Phys-3272-3282, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Sm03_Approved_Bc_Clarifying-Electives-Biology-Degrees-Revision3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Sm03_Approved_Bc_Clarifying-Electives-Biology-Degrees-Revision3, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.


2018u_Sm02_Approved_Bc-Previous-Deleted-Courses, Undergraduate Curriculum Council May 2026

2018u_Sm02_Approved_Bc-Previous-Deleted-Courses, Undergraduate Curriculum Council

All Approved Curriculum

No abstract provided.