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Has Critical Theory And Postmodern Ideas Affected Liberty University’S Mission, Practices, And Campus Life?, Camila Alejandra Roldan Hernandez Apr 2024

Has Critical Theory And Postmodern Ideas Affected Liberty University’S Mission, Practices, And Campus Life?, Camila Alejandra Roldan Hernandez

Liberty University Research Week

Christian scholars face an internal and external cultural war in higher education (Mering, 2021). This war has forced Christian universities to incorporate postmodern sociocultural ideas and practices (Miles, 2023). Sadly, these practices distort and oppose biblical principles by aligning with anti-biblical and extremist ideologies (Mering, 2021). This distortion has affected the understanding and the practice of Scripture, which, in turn, has affected the teaching and learning of principles, concepts, and practices in Christian higher education (Mitchell, 2021). In 2018, Azusa Pacific University’s (APU) students protested the ban on homosexual relationships on campus (Reyes-Velarde, 2018). In response to these actions, APU’s …

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Montezuma Red: Red Lipstick In The United States Marine Corps During World War Ii, Adaline Nolley Apr 2024

Montezuma Red: Red Lipstick In The United States Marine Corps During World War Ii, Adaline Nolley

Liberty University Research Week

As the United States entered World War II, a call to arms was sounded across the nation to able-bodied men. However, American women were also eager to serve their country in whatever way (capacity?) they were allowed. With more and more men being sent overseas to fight, military service jobs began opening both domestically and abroad, and eventually, women were asked to fill these positions. The United States Marine Corps’ treatment of female recruits was unique. The USMC Women’s Reserve was not given an abbreviated nickname like Army WAACS or Navy WAVES, and the Corps’ commandant, Thomas Holcomb was adamant …

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Fundamentalism And Religious Art At Bob Jones University: Is There A Problem?, Cheryl Mims Apr 2024

Fundamentalism And Religious Art At Bob Jones University: Is There A Problem?, Cheryl Mims

Liberty University Research Week

This paper examines how Bob Jones University, a Christian Fundamentalist institution, amassed an impressive and valuable collection of religious art – mostly Catholic in origin – without a seeming conflict of interest. Major emphasis will be on primary sources – particularly the writings of Bob Jones, Jr., those of his family members, and of others that aided and/or worked alongside him. Secondary sources - newspaper and magazine articles, and the catalogues produced in conjunction with exhibitions - will be examined as well. The paper will begin by providing background on the founding, purpose, and history of BJU, especially as it …

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The Most Innovative Technology: The Da Vinci Robotic Surgical System, Elaine Webb Apr 2024

The Most Innovative Technology: The Da Vinci Robotic Surgical System, Elaine Webb

Liberty University Research Week

The Mayo Clinic reported in February 2019 that the Da Vinci robot surgical system is one of the more prominent and important surgical devices today. However, it is seldom discussed in circles outside of the medical realm. This presentation discusses how this revolutionary machine was designed to facilitate complex surgery using a minimally invasive approach. This revolutionary aspect is Doctors Moll and Young’s three main components: the vision cart, the surgeon console, and the patient cart. This presentation explains the fundamentals of these components and how they have been both beneficial to surgeries and may malfunction, harming patients. Additionally, this …

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Your Land Is Our Land: Eminent Domain And The Common Good, Karen Jones Apr 2024

Your Land Is Our Land: Eminent Domain And The Common Good, Karen Jones

Liberty University Research Week

While much study has been done on colonial legal history, few historians have traced the ideas and legal reasoning that drove the development of eminent domain policies in the British colonies of North America. The legal concept of eminent domain is a way to slice through the generalizations and discover nuances concerning New England and the Chesapeake that perhaps would otherwise remain unknown. A close examination of eminent domain also challenges certain preconceptions about colonial society, attitudes toward authority, and the colonies’ legal connection to Britain throughout the entire colonial era. The legal culture of the colonies, far from being …

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"I Like Her Best": Motherhood And Revision In J. M. Barrie's Pan Narratives, Sadie Barham Apr 2024

"I Like Her Best": Motherhood And Revision In J. M. Barrie's Pan Narratives, Sadie Barham

Liberty University Research Week

Though recent scholars like Duschinsky and Heath have plunged into analysis of girlhood and femininity in film adaptations of Peter Pan, the shifting treatment of femininity in Barrie’s own adaptation is less discussed. In his novelization of the Pan tales, Barrie revises his story to focus on motherhood, emphasizing the role of an underdeveloped demographic in the play. Childhood reigns supreme in Barrie’s play, but the novel adaptation Peter and Wendy foregrounds mothers. Though scholars such as Jack and Morse have discussed the creator role of mothers in both the play and the novel, Peter and Wendy introduces a fresh …

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"Times That Try Men's Souls:" How The U.S. Army Stumbled Into The War Of 1812, Schuyler Ogden Apr 2024

"Times That Try Men's Souls:" How The U.S. Army Stumbled Into The War Of 1812, Schuyler Ogden

Liberty University Research Week

The War of 1812, as forgotten as it may be, is a unique conflict in early American history. A good question, however, is not how we fought the war, it is how we got into it. The main reason America declared war of Britian is more of a naval perspective. The main grievance against Britian was because of the constant violation of American maritime rights and impressment of American sailors. Something often overlooked, however, is from the army's viewpoint on land. After the American Revolution, the army was heavily debated topic among early American politicians, especially the idea of whether …

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Ireland And World War I: Why Irish Soldiers Fought, Thomas Gillmeister Apr 2024

Ireland And World War I: Why Irish Soldiers Fought, Thomas Gillmeister

Liberty University Research Week

This paper considers Ireland’s participation for the Allies in World War I. World War I quickly turned into a war of attrition and stagnation where one side simply tried to outlast the other. But eventually the Germans gave out, and the Treaty of Versailles ended the war. Ireland’s role in the war was complicated. Prior to the start of the war, England struggled with the Home Rule issue, which would give Ireland some autonomy. But the outbreak of World War I ended discussions on Home Rule, and Britain placed more emphasis on mobilization and winning the war. At first, most …

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Manumission, Willed, Or Buying Their Freedom - From The Colonization Of The New World To The Civil War, Patrick Burghardt Apr 2024

Manumission, Willed, Or Buying Their Freedom - From The Colonization Of The New World To The Civil War, Patrick Burghardt

Liberty University Research Week

In 1782 an act of the Virginia General Assembly enabled the voluntary manumission (freeing) of thousands of slaves in the 80 or so years prior to the Emancipation Proclamation. The motivation of each slave holder to free their slaves varied from individual to individual and many of the "freedom documents" give some indication as to their thoughts, beliefs, and intentions. Though it is an unfortunate historical reality that slaves were treated as chattel property, this led to a documentation process in the court system that preserved these documents for future study. In 2022, Stephen Andrew Langland of the Helm School …

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Sanitation And Outhouses: An Odd History, Thomas Gillmeister Apr 2024

Sanitation And Outhouses: An Odd History, Thomas Gillmeister

Liberty University Research Week

The American outhouse is an odd history, but it certainly is an interesting one. It may not seem very important, but it played an important role in the every day lives of Americans since at least the 19th century. Understanding the use of outhouses helps historians understand the past. Outhouses serve as a reminder of simpler times, when Americans were imaginative and creative. Much of that can be seen in the outhouse. Outhouses are a thing of the past, but they are also cherished as part of the public memory that serve as a reminder of a rustic era in …

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"We Do Not Make Pacts With Communists": The Evolving Rhetoric Of Argentine President Javier Milei In Relation To China, Sawyer Deshon Apr 2024

"We Do Not Make Pacts With Communists": The Evolving Rhetoric Of Argentine President Javier Milei In Relation To China, Sawyer Deshon

Liberty University Research Week

This presentation analyzes the rhetoric of current Argentinian head-of-state Javier Milei—who was recently elected president in November of 2023—in relation to China. Chinese investment in Latin America has grown tremendously since the turn of the millennium, demonstrated by the exponential increase in commerce due in large part to a number of Beijing-aligned, left-leaning Latin American governments. Though his predecessor Alberto Fernández had accepted an invitation to join the BRICS trading bloc, whose most prominent member is China, the “liberal libertarian” Javier Milei maintained an aggressive stance against China during his campaign and subsequently declined the invitation. Despite these combative initial …

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Ai Propulsion Of Globalization, Aleksandra Drozd Apr 2024

Ai Propulsion Of Globalization, Aleksandra Drozd

Liberty University Research Week

The invention and continual growth of artificial intelligence (AI) on the global stage have significantly shaped the world’s economies, governments, societies and their cultures. The new industrial revolution and the subsequent race of the world’s leading powers have led to increased international joint efforts and exchange of information, simultaneously reducing barriers to trade and communication. Meanwhile, emerging technologies deploying AI have driven changes in human behavior and culture, and challenged the traditional nation-state model. Within the same time frame, the world stage has undergone profound transformations with a clear trend of globalization, the tightening of international relations and closer cooperation …

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Unveiling The Power Of Hitler's Propaganda: Examining The Impact Of The Propaganda Of Adolf Hitler And The Nazi Regime On The Nation Before And During World War Ii, Chandra Waller Apr 2024

Unveiling The Power Of Hitler's Propaganda: Examining The Impact Of The Propaganda Of Adolf Hitler And The Nazi Regime On The Nation Before And During World War Ii, Chandra Waller

Liberty University Research Week

This presentation examines the power and impact of the propaganda of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime through a variety of methods that were implemented via the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. Shortly after seizing power in 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Regime quickly established the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda under the leadership of Joseph Goebbels. The Ministry created a propaganda program which was designed to appeal to the sense of national identity or nationalism, the aspirations, and the fear and weaknesses of various groups of the population. To ensure their message was being …

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Spiritually Artificial: Divine Intersection Exploration, Christopher Jaus Apr 2024

Spiritually Artificial: Divine Intersection Exploration, Christopher Jaus

Liberty University Research Week

This paper examines the broad topic of personhood within the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and how consciousness, namely the free will aspect, can frame our interactions, especially when considering a typical evangelical hermeneutic. AI which is simply a Bio-Inspired design from God’s glorious creation has a long and rich history spanning almost 70 years. AI as a term was first coined in 1956, although the mathematics of computing in general, then dubbed “Turing Machines” was two decades earlier. Despite going through “AI winters” or periods where AI fell out of popularity due to high expectations and overpromising of researchers, …

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Shifting Of The Nerves: The Evolution Of Shell Shock And Its Treatment In The United Kingdom, Dylan Cumbo Apr 2024

Shifting Of The Nerves: The Evolution Of Shell Shock And Its Treatment In The United Kingdom, Dylan Cumbo

Liberty University Research Week

This paper looks at the evolution of the British understanding of a new Psycho-neurological condition assigned the common name of ‘Shell Shock.’ I argue that the understanding of Shell Shock within the United Kingdom underwent a gradual evolution due to influences from both the British military and medical personnel. Conditions similar to Shell Shock have been observed throughout history, with the first modern interpretation appearing shortly after the American Civil War. Despite this, medical practitioners within the United Kingdom held onto their older interpretations of psychological medicine. Thus, Shell Shock came as a surprise to those who first witnessed it. …

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Improper Divulgence: How Distrust And Poor Reporting Influenced Civilians Views Of The Three Mile Island Incident, Dylan Cumbo Apr 2024

Improper Divulgence: How Distrust And Poor Reporting Influenced Civilians Views Of The Three Mile Island Incident, Dylan Cumbo

Liberty University Research Week

This paper looks at how the media impacted the civilian opinion of the United States’ population on the Three Mile Island Incident. I argue that the media outlets reporting on the nuclear incident negatively impacted the public’s perception of the incident, making the disaster appear far worse than what was actually happening. Occurring on March 28, 1979, the meltdown of reactor number two at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, was the worst nuclear incident in United States history. Prior to the meltdown, United States citizens already had exposure to the pros and cons of radiation. Influenced by their experiences with nuclear …

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Shadow Mimicking The Darkness: Hans Asperger’S Relation To National Socialism, Dylan Cumbo Apr 2024

Shadow Mimicking The Darkness: Hans Asperger’S Relation To National Socialism, Dylan Cumbo

Liberty University Research Week

This paper looks at the personal and professional relationship between Hans Asperger, a psychiatrist during the Second World War in Nazi-controlled Austria, and the National Socialist movement. I argue that while Hans Asperger had a mixed relationship with National Socialism, he unarguably played a role in implementing its policies and was found to have been cooperative with the Nazi’s agenda by the SS. Influenced by his family, faith, and childhood experiences, Asperger’s background led him to become active within the medical field. During his time within the clinic at Vienna, Asperger rapidly rose the ranks thanks to the dismissal of …

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The Un’S Standard Of “Revolutionary Feminism”, Elaine Webb Apr 2024

The Un’S Standard Of “Revolutionary Feminism”, Elaine Webb

Liberty University Research Week

This paper examines the UN Experts of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination’s declaration and discussion with Tunisian Delegations from February 17, 2023. Tunisia has long stood as a pillar of what developing gender equality can look like in the Middle East and North Africa region. However, the UN Experts have not yet equally reviewed other grassroots feminist movements. This exclusionary declaration is the driving factor of the research question: What must countries do to gain international feminist recognition? To answer this question, the paper discusses scholar Valentine M. Moghadam’s article from the British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies …

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The Imminent Crisis Of Deepfake Porn, Elaine Webb Apr 2024

The Imminent Crisis Of Deepfake Porn, Elaine Webb

Liberty University Research Week

This paper examines the causes, effects, and proposes solutions to the current crisis of deepfake porn. Deepfake Porn has been defined by The Guardian in April of 2023 as synthetically created pornography. Dutch AI company, Sensity, concluded in 2023 that 96% of deepfake videos online are pornographic. Female celebrities have historically been the victim of deepfake porn but its newest target is the everyday person. This exploitation is unacceptable and means that nonconsensual sex is no longer limited to the physical realm. The two main causes of deepfake porn are toxic pornographic culture and unrestricted technological advancement in the modern …

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Healing On The Home Front: Convalescent Homes In England During Wwi, Elizabeth Rogerson Apr 2024

Healing On The Home Front: Convalescent Homes In England During Wwi, Elizabeth Rogerson

Liberty University Research Week

This paper explores the response to soldiers needing rehabilitation in World War One and how convalescent facilities impacted the everyday lives of injured men, nurses, and military medicine. During the Great War, there was an influx of the diversity of injuries due to the expanse of biological and machine warfare. Recognizing that field hospitals were insufficient, England’s War Office executed a plan to requisition public facilities and use volunteer forces not only to heal English men but soldiers from across the world. This paper establishes the context for the convalescing system in England and then its accommodation and improvisation for …

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The Art Of The Sword And Sand: Roman Gladiators And Man’S Fascination With Martial Entertainment, Ethan Pierce Apr 2024

The Art Of The Sword And Sand: Roman Gladiators And Man’S Fascination With Martial Entertainment, Ethan Pierce

Liberty University Research Week

The ancient Romans were fascinated by spectacles of blood on the sands of the arena. Thousands of citizens flocked from all corners of the empire to see gladiators test their mettle against beasts and men alike. Films and popular culture have portrayed the arena as a ruthless blood bowl that one could only leave as a bloody pulp or a savage victor. While by modern standards, the arena can be seen as quite brutal and dangerous, this image of the games leaves an incomplete picture in the minds of many. Several misconceptions, born from popular media, ignore the scale of …

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The Female Face Of Brutality: Examining The Gruesome Acts Of Ss-Helferinnen, Evelyn Loftin Apr 2024

The Female Face Of Brutality: Examining The Gruesome Acts Of Ss-Helferinnen, Evelyn Loftin

Liberty University Research Week

It is essential to act with sensitivity when approaching historical topics, and crucial for the historian to emphasize that the acts of an individual cannot be generalized based on something as trivial as gender alone. This notion has been frequently looked at when pertaining to that of the historical memory when confronting the actions of the Schutzstaffel (SS)-Helferinnen, the female guards in Nazi concentration camps. Through the decades, the historiography of these women has evolved from unreasonably ruthless actions of individuals to a collective condemnation of the entire gender through historiography. In establishing a hierarchy of suffering, the historian must …

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Using Determination As A Contextual Drive For The Actions Of Isis And Their Enslaved Yazidi Women, Hallie Metzker Apr 2024

Using Determination As A Contextual Drive For The Actions Of Isis And Their Enslaved Yazidi Women, Hallie Metzker

Liberty University Research Week

This paper addresses the 2014 Yazidi Genocide and focuses on the religious and psychological manifestations of the beliefs and circumstances upheld by ISIS captors and their captive Yazidi women, conversely. In 2014, ISIS slaughtered and enslaved a religious minority in Iraq, the Yazidi people. While the Yazidi men were slaughtered throughout various locations of the Sinjar region, their women, especially beautiful youths retaining virgin status, were shipped to slave markets, and sold. In captivity, each woman’s experiences highlighted stark truths about their captor’s religious fervor and sexual desires amidst their own willpower to escape. This paper argues that, though divergent …

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Obedience, Courage & Loyalty: Revisiting The Story Of The First Patch Of The Army, Harold Skinner Apr 2024

Obedience, Courage & Loyalty: Revisiting The Story Of The First Patch Of The Army, Harold Skinner

Liberty University Research Week

During World War I, the United States War Department ordered each combat division to mark unit equipment with a unique colored emblem. General Charles J. Bailey, the commander of the 81st Division, went one step further in creating a distinctive “wildcat” uniform emblem. When called to account for his breach of uniform regulations, General Bailey instead convinced Commander-in-Chief General John J. Pershing to approve the practice of wearing unique unit insignias, thus giving rise to an unbroken 105-year-old Army tradition. Yet, some of the details in the accepted narrative of the “wildcat patch” remain unclear. First, did the 81st Division …

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Counting The Days: The Connection Between Chronology And Eschatology In The Early Church, Jonathan Cook Apr 2024

Counting The Days: The Connection Between Chronology And Eschatology In The Early Church, Jonathan Cook

Liberty University Research Week

This research examines the connection between the world-week eschatological/apologetic schema and the development of Christian chronicons from the early church until the Carolingians. For young age creationists, knowing the age of the earth is incredibly important for constructing a working model of world history. Within the last decade, this has prompted renewed interest in the study of ancient Christian chronicons, specifically to understand what, if anything, the early church did with the systematic differences in the reported ages of the Genesis 5 and 11 genealogies. This engagement, primarily done by Henry Smith of Associates for Biblical Research and Lita Cosner …

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"Frighted With False Fire": The Hamlet Mousetrap As A Platonic Ascent, Kaley Hutter Apr 2024

"Frighted With False Fire": The Hamlet Mousetrap As A Platonic Ascent, Kaley Hutter

Liberty University Research Week

In “On the Kinship of Shakespeare and Plato,” Daryl Kaytor argues for a macro-level alignment between Plato’s and Shakespeare’s seemingly opposite poetic philosophies, claiming that Shakespeare held a “Platonic motivation” (102). This paper imagines Shakespeare’s “Platonic motivation” in its most improbable context: the function of mimetic drama. Although Plato famously condemns poetry as being “two generations away from the throne of truth” (Republic 597E), his own use of dialectic dialogues implicitly condones the use of images to foster individual enlightenment. This nuance invites an examination of truth-pursuing mimetic images within the Platonic framework, a tension prominent in Hamlet. Continuing Kaytor’s …

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One Law To Rule Them All: Jurisdictional Conflicts In King Philip's War, Karen Jones Apr 2024

One Law To Rule Them All: Jurisdictional Conflicts In King Philip's War, Karen Jones

Liberty University Research Week

This paper looks to reveal legal roots to the most consequential conflict in colonial American history, King Philip's War, which marked the end of the New England native's resistance to English governance. While it is common for many to assume that the Puritans' behavior toward the natives directly fueled the flames of war, a conflict of this scale was fueled by an irreparable legal divide between the natives and English. Notwithstanding the social and religious differences, Native Americans and English were diametrically opposed in their legal views. The Puritans came from a highly ordered society governed by the rule of …

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Jungian Dream Analysis As Literary Theory: An Unexplored Route To Understanding The Unconscious Psyche’S Impact On Literature, Kaytlin Masters Apr 2024

Jungian Dream Analysis As Literary Theory: An Unexplored Route To Understanding The Unconscious Psyche’S Impact On Literature, Kaytlin Masters

Liberty University Research Week

The fields of literary criticism and psychology have a longstanding history of intersection, with prominent schools of psychological thought being preeminent resources in the literary critic’s toolbox. In conjunction, literature aids in the expansion of the field of psychology by providing material which can be distilled down to raw data used to interpret and further the understanding of the human psyche. Two literary theories that marry these disciplines are Freudian dream analysis (psychological theory) and Jungian archetype theory. I propose a previously overlooked psychological method in the field of literary criticism which expands on these ideas and acts as a …

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Bridging Biblical Beliefs And Behaviors: Historical And Cultural Influence Of Machismo In Latin America, Kimberly Weaner Apr 2024

Bridging Biblical Beliefs And Behaviors: Historical And Cultural Influence Of Machismo In Latin America, Kimberly Weaner

Liberty University Research Week

Stemming from the Spanish word “macho”, Machismo is a social construct of an exaggerated sense of masculinity that is common across Latin American and Spanish culture. Machismo is typically associated with negative aspects. This research paper seeks to explore the historical and cultural influence of machismo culture in Latin America to find the intersection between machismo and Christianity. Machismo impacts how both men and women behave, speak, and interact with one another. Machismo has a multifaced history within Latin America, spanning its origin from pre-colonial times to contemporary. Beginning with an exploration of pre-colonial gender roles and their evolution during …

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Deceptive Innocence: Exploring The Symbolic Interpretation Of Purity In Little Billy's Letters, Lindsay Anton Apr 2024

Deceptive Innocence: Exploring The Symbolic Interpretation Of Purity In Little Billy's Letters, Lindsay Anton

Liberty University Research Week

This study attempts to answer the question, “How does the symbolic interpretation of innocence in Little Billy's letters influence the responses from famous individuals?” Over a period of several years, a little boy named Billy Geerhart wrote fan letters to a range of notable individuals: Richard Nixon, Mr. Rogers, Oprah Winfrey, Billy Graham, Johnny Cash, Charles Manson, and thousands more (Harness, 2010). He captured their attention through humorous, innocent, and whimsical letters. To his surprise, almost all of these celebrities responded to him in personalized letters. On a superficial level, this might seem like an obsessed kid reaching out to …

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