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The Physiological Demands Of A Division Iii Field Hockey Goalie: A Case Study, Kayla Brady, Sarah Miller-Richards Apr 2024

The Physiological Demands Of A Division Iii Field Hockey Goalie: A Case Study, Kayla Brady, Sarah Miller-Richards

Student Scholar Showcase

It is essential to evaluate the physiological demands of the sport of field hockey, specifically of a division III field hockey goalie. There has been limited research on this sport, let alone on the position of goalies. Some recent studies have evaluated ice hockey goalies on their anthropometrics, upper and lower body strength, power output, and aerobic capacity. The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological demands and performance profile of a division III field hockey goalkeeper. A division III goalie went through several baseline tests including anthropometrics, resting and maximum heart rate, upper and lower one rep …

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Session E Overview Of The U.S. Cosmetics Regulatory Framework, Jannavi Srinivasan Apr 2024

Session E Overview Of The U.S. Cosmetics Regulatory Framework, Jannavi Srinivasan

Oxford ICSB

Cosmetic products in the U.S. has been regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) according to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act which has provided for FDA’s regulation of cosmetics since 1938. The Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act (MoCRA), enacted in December of 2022, significantly expanded and reformed regulations overseeing cosmetics in the U.S. Included in MoCRA among other provisions, are facility registration and product listing, reporting of serious adverse events, and a requirement that FDA propose a rule for good manufacturing practices. This presentation will provide an overview of cosmetics regulations including the major provisions of MoCRA …

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Conscious Ai And The Climate Crisis, Griffin Kiegiel Apr 2024

Conscious Ai And The Climate Crisis, Griffin Kiegiel

Midwest Ethics Symposium

No abstract provided.

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Experience Machines And Experiencing Machines, Patrick Mckee Apr 2024

Experience Machines And Experiencing Machines, Patrick Mckee

Midwest Ethics Symposium

No abstract provided.

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The Dance Of Dismissal: A Program Oral Interpretation, Lindsay Anton Apr 2024

The Dance Of Dismissal: A Program Oral Interpretation, Lindsay Anton

Liberty University Research Week

Drawing from prose, poetry, drama, and news articles, a ten-minute performance centered around a unifying theme was curated. This type of performance is called a Program Oral Interpretation (POI). A POI is crafted to show the skills of interweaving diverse literary genres into a cohesive performance. This performance piece is attempting to answer a question, “How can diverse performance techniques be developed to convey the emotional impact of women's misdiagnosis and dismissal of physical pain, thereby reflecting broader societal attitudes towards women's health?” This piece skillfully leverages historical context and recent studies to show the mistreatment of women in the …

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Validation Of Phencyclidine, Ketamine, And Dextromethorphan Using Miscellaneous Basic Drugs Quantitation And Confirmation By Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry., Kate Ferro Apr 2024

Validation Of Phencyclidine, Ketamine, And Dextromethorphan Using Miscellaneous Basic Drugs Quantitation And Confirmation By Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry., Kate Ferro

Liberty University Research Week

Phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, and Dextromethorphan (Dxm) are hallucinogenic drugs commonly abused in the USA and are included in common drugs of abuse panels. Ketamine and PCP are more specifically classified as dissociative anesthetics, which can lead to confusion or a catatonic state in the individual (O'Malley and O'Malley 2022). Dextromethorphan, often found in cough suppressants, can cause both euphoria and hallucinations at elevated concentrations (Department of Justice/Drug Enforcement Administration Drug Fact Sheet 2020) (Journey, Agrawal and Stern 2023). Although PCP, ketamine and Dxm, have been previously validated for quantitative analysis by Gas Chromatography or Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in a …

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Anti-Müllerian Hormone Gene Expression In Mouse Testes Elucidated Via Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Christopher Oglesby Apr 2024

Anti-Müllerian Hormone Gene Expression In Mouse Testes Elucidated Via Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Christopher Oglesby

Liberty University Research Week

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most sensitive technique commonly used to characterize gene expression in cells and tissues. While a standard PCR requires hours to complete, a modified “fast” PCR takes ~30 minutes which could allow for advanced integration into undergraduate laboratory courses. Therefore, studies were performed to flashlight putative “fast” PCR efficacy by detecting anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). AMH is a peptide hormone regulating sex development. In adult male mammals, AMH supports sperm production. It was hypothesized that AMH gene expression in testes could be detected by RT- “fast” PCR, an accelerated protocol, to meet teaching-lab timeframes. …

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Gsr Analysis: The Importance Of Viable Swab Kits, Abbye Morgan Apr 2024

Gsr Analysis: The Importance Of Viable Swab Kits, Abbye Morgan

Liberty University Research Week

Since the late 1970s, forensic scientists have been using scanning electron microscopy to analyze gunshot residue particles to determine whether an individual or object was in the vicinity of a shooting. GSR particles are from the primer of a gun, and when the gun is fired that primer will also come out of the gun and land on the shooter’s hand and objects around them. When an object or a person is swabbed and tested for GSR, forensic scientists are looking for three elements: lead, barium, and antimony. If these elements are found, the object or person is considered positive …

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Using Simulation And Experiments To Optimize Strength And Ductility In Metals Processed By Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment, Nathan Roberts Apr 2024

Using Simulation And Experiments To Optimize Strength And Ductility In Metals Processed By Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment, Nathan Roberts

Liberty University Research Week

Precision and Energy Controlled Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (PECSMAT) is a novel technique for strengthening metal parts by impacting the surface, which causes residual stresses to increase in the material and thereby increases the strength of the part. Ductility, which is the degree to which a material will permanently deform before breaking, will decrease as a part is hardened and the strength increases. This tradeoff is undesirable as retaining both high strength and ductility will allow parts to be in service longer before the part fails. This research aims to optimize the impact energy and location on a metal part …

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The Effect Of Coplanarity On Organic Semiconductors, Jessica Imad Farah Azar Apr 2024

The Effect Of Coplanarity On Organic Semiconductors, Jessica Imad Farah Azar

Liberty University Research Week

This poster examines organic semiconductors which are growing in application for utilization in modern technology such as solar panels, electronic devices, and printers. The main interest in these organic compounds is their low cost (compared to silicon, a commercial semiconductor) and flexibility. Organic semiconductors are characterized by several integral traits including, but not limited to extended conjugation, coplanarity of the entire molecule, and narrow band gap. Bibenzothiophene (BBT) which was used as a precursor for our experiment is an example of an organic semiconductor. This research seeks to further synthesize, analyze, and understand the effect of linking aromatic phenyl- and …

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Cryptology For Christ: Steganography, Evangelism, And Closed Access Countries, Christopher Jaus Apr 2024

Cryptology For Christ: Steganography, Evangelism, And Closed Access Countries, Christopher Jaus

Liberty University Research Week

Digital steganography is rooted in the ancient practice of hiding messages and has evolved dramatically with technology. In the Christian worldview, modern technology's ethical application is rooted in the creation mandate, where Genesis 1:28 commands mankind to subdue the earth and have dominion over it. The Bible tells of examples where God directly instructs time-period specific technological application. For example, in Exodus 36, two men were charged with the task of using their technological skills to create objects for the purpose of housing the unique presence of God. Exodus 36:1 says, “Bezalel and Oholiab and every craftsman in whom the …

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Impact Of Mocra When Assessing Botanical Safety, Rick Kingston Apr 2024

Impact Of Mocra When Assessing Botanical Safety, Rick Kingston

Oxford ICSB

The Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA) became effective December 29th, 2023. MoCRA is the most significant expansion of FDA’s authority to regulate cosmetics since the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act was enacted in 1938. MoCRA expands the FDA's rulemaking and enforcement authority over cosmetics and creates new compliance obligations for manufacturers. There are six key areas of the legislation including Facility Registration, Product & Ingredient Listing, Safety Substantiation, Cosmetics Labeling, and Adverse Event Reporting and Record Keeping. Each of these areas has significant implications for manufacturers and the ingredients commonly found in cosmetics. Given the …

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Optimization Of Bisguaiacol F Synthesis Via Microwave Assistance, Jessica Bryant Apr 2024

Optimization Of Bisguaiacol F Synthesis Via Microwave Assistance, Jessica Bryant

Liberty University Research Week

Bisphenol A (BPA, 4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]phenol) is a monomer utilized to produce epoxy resins and in thermal printing processes. Two primary problems are posed by the production of BPA: It is environmentally and toxicologically damaging. If a molecule that mimicked the properties and structure of BPA yet lacked its toxicologically damaging effects could be manufactured from renewable sources these concerns could be greatly reduced. One such monomer is bisguaiacol F (BGF, 4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol). While BGF mimics BPA, typical reaction mechanisms require a laborious workup resulting in diminished yield and purity. We hypothesize that utilizing microwave assistance in the synthesis of BGF will ultimately …

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Accessing Advanced National Supercomputing And Storage Resources For Computational Research, Ramazan Aygun Apr 2024

Accessing Advanced National Supercomputing And Storage Resources For Computational Research, Ramazan Aygun

All Things Open

This presentation will cover ACCESS (Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Coordination Ecosystem: Services & Support), and Kennesaw State University's involvement in Open Science Data Federation program as a data origin to help researchers and educators with or without supporting grants to utilize the nation’s advanced computing systems and services. ACCESS, a program established and funded by the National Science Foundation, is an ecosystem with capabilities for new modes of research and further democratizing participation. The presentation covers how to apply for allocations on ACCESS. The last part of the presentation will briefly explain Open Science Data Federation and Kennesaw State University's involvement as …

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Formalin-Induced Neuropathic Pain In Mice, Melissa Gerald Apr 2024

Formalin-Induced Neuropathic Pain In Mice, Melissa Gerald

Liberty University Research Week

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pathology of the nervous system (Finnerup et al., 2021), often related to inflammatory conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) (Ubogu, 2015). In vitro and vivo studies have investigated the role of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators within the spinal cord (SC) for the development and persistence of neuropathic pain (Tsuda, 2017; Gwak, 2012). In vivo studies have established a formalin-induced pain model in rats to be comparable to spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and induce persistent spinal inflammation (Salinas-Abarca, 2017). It remains unknown whether a formalin-induced pain model can induce neuropathic …

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Characterizing Novel Peroxygenase Activity Found In Fruit Seeds Of The Genus Capsicum, Sally Hess Apr 2024

Characterizing Novel Peroxygenase Activity Found In Fruit Seeds Of The Genus Capsicum, Sally Hess

Liberty University Research Week

An important enzyme used by wastewater facilities and textile plants is peroxygenase. Commonly, horseradish peroxidase (an enzyme similar to peroxygenase) is used because it is highly active. While searching for an alternative peroxidase, it was discovered that the seeds of jalapenos and habaneros expressed a novel activity in a fluorophenol assay quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Since there is limited research into the peroxidase activity of hot pepper seeds, the novel activity warranted further investigation. It was observed that the activity of the enzyme was undisrupted by the presence of methanol, but that quenching with glutathione not only …

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Analysis Of An Amino Acid Labeled Fluorescent Dye, Avery Roark Apr 2024

Analysis Of An Amino Acid Labeled Fluorescent Dye, Avery Roark

Liberty University Research Week

Previous research by Yuan et al. has shown that labeling fluorescent dyes with amino acids is a useful method for fluorescent microscopy because it does not significantly alter the size of the fluorophore. Data by Yuan et al. utilized three different neutral amino acids (glycine, lysine, and proline) and individually linked them to the same fluorophore, resulting in three individual fluorophores. These three fluorophores were tested in the plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, which was able to absorb the fluorophore. Amino acid absorption and transport could be visualized. Fluorophores with the amino acid exhibited enhanced fluorescence when compared to the control fluorophore …

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Design And Synthesis Of Endocannabinoid Enzyme Inhibitors For Potential Peripherally Selective Glaucoma Treatments, Destiny Latia Keishara Braynen Apr 2024

Design And Synthesis Of Endocannabinoid Enzyme Inhibitors For Potential Peripherally Selective Glaucoma Treatments, Destiny Latia Keishara Braynen

Liberty University Research Week

Glaucoma – an eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) – is the second leading cause of blindness internationally. Patients experience acute damage to the optic nerve causing blindness, however, lowering the intraocular pressure of the eye can allow for less progressive retinal ganglion loss. Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) are G protein coupled receptors that are found in the glaucoma affected areas in the eye. These endocannabinoid receptors are activated by agonists anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachyidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which according to literature contain promising retinal ganglion cell protective properties. Endocannabinoids have been observed to increase blood …

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Altering The Composition Of Lanconide Fingerprint Powder, Lydia Buxa Apr 2024

Altering The Composition Of Lanconide Fingerprint Powder, Lydia Buxa

Liberty University Research Week

Latent fingerprints found on crime scenes cannot be seen with the naked eye and require development techniques for visualization and analysis (1). Because fingerprints are composed of oily sebaceous secretions, powders used in dusting adhere to the fingerprint oils (2). The fine powder particles help visualize the print increasing contrast of the ridges and minutiae. The most common fingerprint powder is a black powder made of carbon black or powdered acacia. The composition of black powder is far more researched, but the limitation of this powder comes when the latent prints are found on dark surfaces (1). Since black powders …

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Challenges Of A Changing Environment: Urban Development Impacts A Population Of Eastern Box Turtles, Anna Grace Aldridge Apr 2024

Challenges Of A Changing Environment: Urban Development Impacts A Population Of Eastern Box Turtles, Anna Grace Aldridge

Liberty University Research Week

The Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) is a small terrestrial turtle, which lives primarily in open woodlands. Populations of these turtles can be threatened if drastic changes happen to their woodland environment, such as development projects. This is exactly what happened to a small population of eastern box turtles along the Blackwater Creek trail in downtown Lynchburg, VA. We have been researching this population since 1999 using a capture-mark-recapture method. The population was undisturbed until 2020 when a large portion of the study site was timbered for urban development, reducing the size of the forest habitat from 11 to …

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Efficient Synthesis Of 5,6-Fused Ring Pyridazines For Advanced Organometallic Semiconductor Applications, David Johnson Apr 2024

Efficient Synthesis Of 5,6-Fused Ring Pyridazines For Advanced Organometallic Semiconductor Applications, David Johnson

Liberty University Research Week

Organometallic semiconductors have emerged as pivotal components driving technological innovations in recent years. With a rich history in chemistry, organometallic compounds have gained prominence for their semiconductive properties, leading to significant advancements in fields such as optoelectronics and materials science. This study focuses on streamlining the synthesis of 5,6-fused ring pyridazines, a critical organic building block for cutting-edge organometallic semiconductor technologies. Pyridazines, characterized by a six-membered aromatic ring with adjacent nitrogen atoms, exhibit remarkable stability and have diverse applications in optoelectronics and pharmaceuticals. The primary objective of this research is to develop a more efficient process for the synthesis of …

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Using Morphological Data To Identify Lungless Salamander Kinds, Kayla Natelborg, Timothy R. Brophy Apr 2024

Using Morphological Data To Identify Lungless Salamander Kinds, Kayla Natelborg, Timothy R. Brophy

Liberty University Research Week

Baraminology is the study of God’s created kinds as described in Genesis 1. Holobaramins are scientific approximations of these kinds, identified by building up. monobaramins (smaller, continuous groups of organisms) and dividing apobaramins (larger, discontinuous groups of organisms). The lungless salamander family (Caudata: Plethodontidae), composed of over 500 species in 29 genera, have been grouped together by herpetologists for almost 200 years. Our previous research estimates that lungless salamander holobaramin(s) are. found somewhere between the genus and family levels. To further narrow this range, this study aims to compare various tongue morphologies within the lungless salamander family using statistical baraminology …

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Civil War Field Hospital: A Bloody Surgical Table’S Link To The Past And Its Impact On Future Dna Analysis, Natalie Spencer Apr 2024

Civil War Field Hospital: A Bloody Surgical Table’S Link To The Past And Its Impact On Future Dna Analysis, Natalie Spencer

Liberty University Research Week

This study sought to generate DNA profiles from the Hillsman House surgical table, as well as determine the best method of sample collection and analysis from a wooden substrate. During the Battle of Sailor’s Creek, the Hillsman House was used as a field hospital to treat hundreds of soldiers. In 2018, Jones and McClintock traveled to the historical site and generated human DNA profiles from bloodstains found on the floor of the house, thus demonstrating the ability to profile aged bloodstains. During their study, marks observed on the floor were presumed to be from the surgical table, however, the original …

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Systematic Purification Scheme For Peroxidase Library Samples, Sierra Numer Apr 2024

Systematic Purification Scheme For Peroxidase Library Samples, Sierra Numer

Liberty University Research Week

This project sought the development of a systematic purification method for peroxidase enzymes from crude plant sources. Peroxidases represent valuable biotechnological tools for a wide range of applications; however, the majority of these applications have been developed utilizing a single member of the peroxidase family, that being the enzyme isolated from horseradish root. Development of a universal purification strategy that is effective for the isolation of peroxidases from a vast number of plant sources may open the door for the development of novel applications, or identify more effective peroxidase enzymes for many of the current applications. This prepared method is …

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Investigation Of New Pathological Markers In Cadaveric Nervous Tissue, Richard Tuttle Apr 2024

Investigation Of New Pathological Markers In Cadaveric Nervous Tissue, Richard Tuttle

Liberty University Research Week

Anatomical and physiological study of the human body extends beyond the life of an individual, giving us a perspective of the post-mortem period with cadaveric studies. Cadavers serve as a valuable resource by providing tangible access into the intricacies of human anatomy, normal physiology, and how various pathologies affect their implicated tissues, structures, and functions. Numerous techniques allow researchers to identify the effects of pathologies within different organ systems. Among these systems, our current interest involves central nervous system pathologies. Due to their complexity, neurodegenerative diseases typically require multiple studies and characterization to be understood and to distinguish them from …

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Cholesterol-Fluorophore Bioconjugates, Emily Bayliss Apr 2024

Cholesterol-Fluorophore Bioconjugates, Emily Bayliss

Liberty University Research Week

This experiment focuses on attaching a cholesterol group to the fluorophore, 9,10-anthracenedione. Cholesterol is a structural component of cell membranes, and its lipophilic properties allow it to pass through the phospholipid bilayer.1 Anthraquinones are a class of compounds obtained from natural sources such as fungi, plants, animals, and bacteria and represent the second most important class of dyes. Anthraquinone dyes are composed of 9,10-anthraquinones and can be modified at various positions.2 This reaction uses a cholesterol derivative which has been used as a lipid anchor for hydrophobization of other fluorophores.3 Cholesterol-fluorophore conjugates have been used to examine the functions of …

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Identification Of Select Low-Molecular Weight Compounds, Found In Coffee, That Promote Glucose Homeostasis In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes, Brooke Chapple Apr 2024

Identification Of Select Low-Molecular Weight Compounds, Found In Coffee, That Promote Glucose Homeostasis In 3t3-L1 Adipocytes, Brooke Chapple

Liberty University Research Week

Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health concern and continues to be on the rise, currently affecting around 462 million people globally. One promising area of research is the pursuit of novel, natural, cost-effective methods of T2D treatment and prevention. Recent research shows a negative correlation between coffee consumption and T2D, indicating studies dedicated to the examination of coffee and its contents could reveal bioactive compounds that might prove useful in this pursuit. Polyphenols have been well-reported to attenuate several complications associated with T2D including inflammation, hypertension, and oxidative stress. Interestingly, previous work has indicated that several polyphenols that are …

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Crispr Cas9 Mediated Gfp Tagging Of Cd79a In Danio Rerio, Asia Eskaros Apr 2024

Crispr Cas9 Mediated Gfp Tagging Of Cd79a In Danio Rerio, Asia Eskaros

Liberty University Research Week

Danio rerio, commonly known as zebrafish, are well known to have an immune system that mirrors the human immune system. As such, Danio rerio is an excellent biological model for studying the immune system. This research team was attempting to study the activity of B-cells in the immune development of zebrafish. However, the team found that the exact location of B-cells in zebrafish throughout their development is not known. Thus, this research seeks to design a protocol to identify the location of B-cells throughout Danio rerio immune development. The team will be fulfilling this aim by tagging CD79a, also known …

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Influence Of Scp1 On Cryptococcus Neoformans Virulence, Carleigh Warsing Apr 2024

Influence Of Scp1 On Cryptococcus Neoformans Virulence, Carleigh Warsing

Liberty University Research Week

Cryptococcus neoformans is the highest ranked pathogen on the Fungal Priority Pathogen List (WHO). Cryptococcal disease begins as pneumonia, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and develops into meningoencephalitis with a 41-61% mortality rate. While most commonly contracted by immunocompromised individuals, infections in immunocompetent individuals do occur. Treatments often produce severe side effects and increased resistance is a developing concern. Our research aims to identify a gene that can be targeted for more effective antifungal therapies. The SCP1 gene is involved in pH regulation and virulence in C. neoformans. Our research hypothesiszes that the SCP1 gene is crucial for the adaptation of …

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Characterization Of The Aspergillus Flavus Rdia Gene With A Rdi1∆ Mutant Of C. Neoformans, Nicholas Jones Apr 2024

Characterization Of The Aspergillus Flavus Rdia Gene With A Rdi1∆ Mutant Of C. Neoformans, Nicholas Jones

Liberty University Research Week

Several members in the Aspergillus genus produce aflatoxin, the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen known. Regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis has been studied for several decades as this mycotoxin is currently regulated by the USDA. While all the biosynthetic steps have been characterized, much remains to be elucidated regarding the regulatory network controlling its production. Expression data show that A. flavus rdiA clusters with the aflatoxin pathway-specific transcriptional regulator aflR. Deletion of rdiA resulted in increased septation interval and branching as well as severely decreased AF production. The ∆rdiA mutant phenotype is similar to the rdi1∆ mutant of C. neoformans and …

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