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Comparing The Visuospatial Abilities Of Alzheimer’S Patients And Huntington’S Patients, Alysa Aralis, Emma Bauman Apr 2024

Comparing The Visuospatial Abilities Of Alzheimer’S Patients And Huntington’S Patients, Alysa Aralis, Emma Bauman

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

Visuospatial deficits emerge from the pathophysiology of both Huntington’s disease (HD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but few studies have directly compared the types of visuospatial deficits associated with these disorders. We directly compared the mental rotation abilities of HD (n = 18) and AD (n = 18) patients relative to age-matched control groups (young healthy controls: n = 20; older healthy controls: n = 20). Participants completed the nonrotational and rotational components of the Right-Left Orientation Test (RLOT), Luria, Money Road Map Test (MRMT), and Stick Construction Test (SCT). Participants also indicated the strategy they used to complete each: personal …

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Opening An Existential Window Into Wuthering Heights And The Metamorphosis, Sarah H. Lognion Apr 2024

Opening An Existential Window Into Wuthering Heights And The Metamorphosis, Sarah H. Lognion

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

This paper explores the existential theme of authenticity in two literary works, Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights and Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, through the lens of Albert Camus’s philosophy as presented in The Myth of Sisyphus. The analysis focuses on the characters’ struggles to carve out meaningful existences, the symbolism of closed-in structures and the absurd, and failed attempts at rationalization. Through a literary exploration, this paper aims to acknowledge existential dilemmas presented in Brontë’s and Kafka’s works and the importance of recognizing the absurdity of life.

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Enhanced Breast Cancer Tumor Classification Using Mobilenetv2: A Detailed Exploration On Image Intensity, Error Mitigation, And Streamlit-Driven Real-Time Deployment, Aaditya Surya, Adita Keshary Shah, Subash Tarun Sasikumar, Jarnell Kabore Apr 2024

Enhanced Breast Cancer Tumor Classification Using Mobilenetv2: A Detailed Exploration On Image Intensity, Error Mitigation, And Streamlit-Driven Real-Time Deployment, Aaditya Surya, Adita Keshary Shah, Subash Tarun Sasikumar, Jarnell Kabore

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

This research introduces a sophisticated transfer learning model based on Google’s MobileNetV2 for breast cancer tumor classification into normal, benign, and malignant categories, utilizing a dataset of 1576 ultrasound images (265 normal, 891 benign, 420 malignant). The model achieves an accuracy of 0.82, precision of 0.83, recall of 0.81, ROC-AUC of 0.94, PR-AUC of 0.88, and MCC of 0.74. It examines image intensity distributions and misclassification errors, offering improvements for future applications. Addressing dataset imbalances, the study ensures a generalizable model. This work, using a dataset from Baheya Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, compiled by Walid Al- Dhabyani and colleagues (2020), emphasizes …

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Modeling Employee Burnout And Stress Levels Using Generalized Linear Models, Madeline S. Neely Apr 2024

Modeling Employee Burnout And Stress Levels Using Generalized Linear Models, Madeline S. Neely

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

In recent years, mental health has become a more prominent problem worldwide. One specific area of rising concern is the increase in the amount of stress and burnout that many people are experiencing. This research seeks to investigate the factors that are affecting stress and burnout as they pertain to the workplace environment. A series of multinomial logistic regression models and Poisson regression models are used to identify the factors affecting employees’ stress and burnout with respect to the workplace environment using the most recent Work, Family, and Health Study (WFHS) dataset from the Work, Family, and Health Network. This …

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Stream Gauging: Investigating The Flow Rate And Residence Time In Laguna Bacalar, Mexico, Elizabeth J. Kowalczyk Apr 2024

Stream Gauging: Investigating The Flow Rate And Residence Time In Laguna Bacalar, Mexico, Elizabeth J. Kowalczyk

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

Stream gauging is a standard tool used to measure the flow rate of various bodies of water. Knowing the flow rate of a body of water allows for the residence time of a body of water to be calculated. Currently, there is very little information regarding the flow rate and residence times of Laguna Bacalar. This system has been observed hydrologically consistently only in the past 6 years. In this study, 13 stream-gauging locations of interest were identified and gauged for their respective flow rates using the midsection method. Once the flow rates were acquired, maps depicting the Laguna Bacalar …

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Populism: A Comparative Study Of The Rise Of The Alt-Right In Germany And The United States, Kate O. Tobin Apr 2024

Populism: A Comparative Study Of The Rise Of The Alt-Right In Germany And The United States, Kate O. Tobin

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

The far-right extremist movements in Germany and the United States have gained attention and proved concerning, manifesting in the forms of terrorism, nationalism, and xenophobia. The radical right often utilizes populism to undermine liberal institutions, with a proneness to discrimination and violence. Right-wing populism in Germany has been a movement founded on fear, which has expanded to include governmental and political institutions. In the United States, populists often criticize the political elite for catering to the needs of minorities. The influence of the economic crisis on the lower-income, blue-collar areas of the country has been impactful enough to allow for …

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Infiltrating The Boys’ Club: The Portrayal Of Women In Popular Crime Dramas, Emma D. Bergquist Apr 2024

Infiltrating The Boys’ Club: The Portrayal Of Women In Popular Crime Dramas, Emma D. Bergquist

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

The present study examines whether there has been a change in the portrayal of female criminal investigators over the past two decades. Cultivation theory suggests that media profoundly influences the views of the larger society, thus indicating significant implications of this portrayal. Five popular shows (Chicago P.D., Criminal Minds, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Hawaii Five-0, and Law & Order: SVU) were explored, with 200 episodes examined between the series using a mixed-methods approach. The main characters in each show’s first season and most recent season were coded and analyzed. Characters were coded for depth, authority, helplessness, and sexualization, among other …

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Punishment Versus Hope: Perceptions Of Social Media Portrayals Of Restorative Justice, Emily E. Leonard Apr 2024

Punishment Versus Hope: Perceptions Of Social Media Portrayals Of Restorative Justice, Emily E. Leonard

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

Research focused on the intersection of social media messages and perceptions of restorative justice has the potential to provide insight on criminal justice reform. In light of national conversations about mass incarceration, restorative justice has become a topic of conversation on social media, particularly among activists. This research utilized qualitative interviews (n = 20) to ascertain Gen Z college students’ familiarity with, understanding of, and interpretation of messages about restorative justice as portrayed in social media posts that they have been exposed to during the course of their everyday lives. The study found that most participants learned about restorative justice …

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Psychosocial Student Adaptations To Covid-19 In Higher Education: A Mixed-Methods Approach To Covid-19 Through The Theoretical Framework Of Anomie, Grace Johnson Apr 2024

Psychosocial Student Adaptations To Covid-19 In Higher Education: A Mixed-Methods Approach To Covid-19 Through The Theoretical Framework Of Anomie, Grace Johnson

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

The COVID-19 pandemic affected individuals and social institutions because of an abrupt and expansive change to norms and values, which are key characteristics of an anomic state. The purpose of this exploratory and descriptive study was to understand how students enrolled at a residential university perceived educational and societal pressures associated with COVID-19. This research applied a mixed-methods approach and relied upon three phrases of research: (1) pilot questionnaire (n = 54), (2) qualitative interviews (n = 14), and (3) quantitative questionnaire (n = 253). Findings suggested similarities in how university students responded to COVID-19 and how communities had responded …

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Table Of Contents And Front Matter, Bjur Staff Apr 2024

Table Of Contents And Front Matter, Bjur Staff

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

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Introduction To The Premarket Review Of Human Food Ingredients In The United States And Concepts In The Safety Assessment Of Novel Plant-Derived Ingredients, Troy Hubbard Apr 2024

Introduction To The Premarket Review Of Human Food Ingredients In The United States And Concepts In The Safety Assessment Of Novel Plant-Derived Ingredients, Troy Hubbard

Oxford ICSB

Premarket regulation of ingredients added to food is a key pillar ensuring the safety of food as it allows the opportunity to address potential safety concerns prior to consumer exposure. In the United States, food and color additives are substances that are intentionally added to food and are subject to pre-market approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and require a listing in the Code of Federal Regulations, unless the intended use of the substance is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), among qualified experts. GRAS is not an inherent property of a substance, as is often misunderstood; rather, it …

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Can Time Really Heal: The Long-Term Impacts Of Joint Custody Arrangements, Savannah Mccullough Apr 2024

Can Time Really Heal: The Long-Term Impacts Of Joint Custody Arrangements, Savannah Mccullough

Liberty University Research Week

Due to a growing diversity of family structures, children grow up in a variety of living arrangements, especially if their parents are separated or divorced. The most common solution for these divorced families is joint custody or dual-residence arrangements, where children spend up to 50% of their time in each parent's household. The current literature on the effects of joint custody arrangements shows mixed results, for children's overall adjustment and well-being seem to depend more on moderating factors like the child's age, exposure to interparental conflict, and parent-child relationship quality. This thesis reviews the existing literature on the advantages and …

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Worker Engagement In Faith-Based Nonprofit Organizations: The Roles Of Spirituality, Resilience, And Perceived Organizational Support For Engaging The Workforce, Beverly Webb Apr 2024

Worker Engagement In Faith-Based Nonprofit Organizations: The Roles Of Spirituality, Resilience, And Perceived Organizational Support For Engaging The Workforce, Beverly Webb

Liberty University Research Week

Nonprofit organizations rely heavily upon volunteerism and skilled employees willing to accept lower salaries to accomplish an organization's mission. Limited funding and surging needs in the nonprofit sector require a greater understanding of engaged workers to fully engage the workforce, where losses for nonengaged workers were estimated in the trillions globally. Research has supported the influence of spirituality, resilience, or perceived organizational support on worker engagement in for-profit and nonprofit organizations in varied settings. This study examined the relationships between spirituality, resilience, perceived organizational support, and worker engagement in Christian faith-based nonprofit organizations. Data was collected from two Christian faith-based …

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A Qualitative Study Of College Students With Autism: Resilience And Spirituality, Benjamin Ellis Apr 2024

A Qualitative Study Of College Students With Autism: Resilience And Spirituality, Benjamin Ellis

Liberty University Research Week

While research as been conducted on resilience and spirituality among parents of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, there is a distinct lack of research examining these variables within the context of the direct experiences of individuals diagnosed with autism. The present study seeks to examine whether individual resiliency and spirituality play a role in the lives of college students with autism, as well as whether these factors contribute to the development of spiritual coping mechanisms. College students with autism may demonstrate how to strengthen their resilience and spirituality, as well as whether spiritual coping mechanisms are common among college …

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Recycling Plastic Wastes As Reinforcing Fibers In Asphalt Pavements, Daeeui Hong Apr 2024

Recycling Plastic Wastes As Reinforcing Fibers In Asphalt Pavements, Daeeui Hong

Liberty University Research Week

The goal of this research is to develop a novel method of repurposing waste plastic bottles as reinforcing fibers in asphalt pavements. This aims to enhance cracking resistance and extend the service life of asphalt roads in an eco-friendly manner. Over fifty billion plastic bottles of water were used in the US in a year and only less than one-third of those bottles were usually recycled. It takes up to a thousand years for each bottle to decompose. Some of the toxins in decomposing bottles of water can result in a variety of health issues through the groundwater. With these …

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The Relationship Between Social Media Usage, Loneliness, And Mindfulness In College Students, Edward Cook Apr 2024

The Relationship Between Social Media Usage, Loneliness, And Mindfulness In College Students, Edward Cook

Liberty University Research Week

In recent years, both social media usage and loneliness have been increasing for young adults. While previous work has revealed a relationship between social media usage and loneliness among young adults, the purpose of the current study is to examine if mindfulness mediates this relationship and if different types of social media engagement moderate this relationship. We hypothesize that higher social media usage will be related to higher loneliness, which will be mediated by lower mindfulness, and that specific types of social media engagement will moderate the relationship between higher social media usage and higher loneliness. Participants will complete a …

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Community Health Assessments In Guatemala And Honduras, Grace Sibert Apr 2024

Community Health Assessments In Guatemala And Honduras, Grace Sibert

Liberty University Research Week

Community Health Assessments (CHAs) give health professionals necessary information to identify and provide care for community needs. The services provided by CHA’s are integral, especially in underdeveloped and rural communities. This research paper serves to discuss the outcomes and benefits of community health screenings performed in Hierba Buena, Chiquimula, a rural, mountainous community in Guatemala and three, underserved communities in Copan Ruinas, Honduras. The screenings were conducted by a team of faculty and graduate and undergraduate students from Liberty University, public health professionals, Iglesia Vida, a church in south Florida and Iglesia de las Americas. The team worked alongside a …

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Multiple Perspectives Examining How A Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (Jrotc) Program Affects Student Development: A Case Study, Kurt Barry Apr 2024

Multiple Perspectives Examining How A Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (Jrotc) Program Affects Student Development: A Case Study, Kurt Barry

Liberty University Research Week

The purpose of this case study was to examine how a high school’s Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC) program affects student development of personal responsibility and sense of accomplishment by fusing the perspectives of the school administrators, JROTC instructors, and school guidance counselors for a more holistic view. This case study fills a chasm by examining how the JROTC program measures up to the Congressionally mandated central mission statement of instilling in high school-aged youth, citizenship, personal responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment. The two theories guiding this study are Abraham Maslow’s motivational theory and Albert Bandura’s self-efficacy theory. …

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Reinventing Holistic Healthcare: Pastoral Perspectives Of Biblical Insights For The American Healthcare System, Leanne Bergey Apr 2024

Reinventing Holistic Healthcare: Pastoral Perspectives Of Biblical Insights For The American Healthcare System, Leanne Bergey

Liberty University Research Week

The purpose of this case study is to examine pastoral perspectives of Biblical healthcare. These perspectives are essential to consider due to the long history of the connection between spirituality and healthcare and the church’s successful intervention worldwide for increasing healthcare outcomes. Although past research has acknowledged the American Christian Church maintains some involvement in healthcare within certain communities and cultures, there is little research understanding the pastoral views of reasoning for the involvement, especially across churches of many denominations. This study uses semi-structured interviews to examine the research questions of 1) What is the Biblical responsibility of healthcare? 2) …

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Determining The Effect Of Patient Mouth Opening On Non-Invasive Respiratory Therapy Effectiveness, Robert Kacinski Apr 2024

Determining The Effect Of Patient Mouth Opening On Non-Invasive Respiratory Therapy Effectiveness, Robert Kacinski

Liberty University Research Week

Computational models were run with a myriad of patient mouth openings to determine the impact this parameter had on the effectiveness of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and high velocity nasal insufflation (HVNI) oxygen therapies. The metric determining therapy effectiveness was airway CO2 reduction. Numerous mouth openings were tested using a coarse mesh to narrow the range of mouth openings to be investigated using the finer (validated) mesh. The use of the coarse mesh saved ~6 weeks of computation time, but also highlighted the dangers that can arise when using computational techniques without a rigorous validation process. The coarse models …

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Phenomenological Study Of Resilience Among Native Americans, Mary Laungayan Apr 2024

Phenomenological Study Of Resilience Among Native Americans, Mary Laungayan

Liberty University Research Week

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to understand what resilience factors contribute to the reversal of adverse reactions to intergenerational trauma, in Native American children. The study will attempt to use the data collected to determine the implementation of support that will build a scaffolding of resilience benefitting Native American Children. The theory guiding this study is the resiliency theory, which conceptualizes positive variables that guide behaviors in individuals who have been exposed to historical trauma and experienced, Adverse Childhood Effects (ACEs) (Zimmerman, 2013). Using an exploratory qualitative design, this study worked to gather data from the Lower Elwha …

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Enterolactone As A Potential Therapeutic Agent For Treatment Of Type-Two Diabetes, Abigail Frommack Apr 2024

Enterolactone As A Potential Therapeutic Agent For Treatment Of Type-Two Diabetes, Abigail Frommack

Liberty University Research Week

Type-two diabetes (T2D) results from insulin resistance causing persistent high blood glucose levels, despite a normal production of insulin. While studying the impact of various coffee polyphenol derivatives, we discovered that enterolactone (ENL) induces glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes. Insulin-dependent glucose uptake occurs in various cell types, but primarily in adipose and muscle cells. This study focuses on adipose cells, specifically characterizing the mechanism of ENL induced glucose uptake. The goal of our study is to characterize the molecular mechanism of ENL to promote glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes. 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes were treated with Enterolactone in a concentration-dependent …

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Untangling The Knots: The Impact Of Counseling For Immigrant Minors, Belen Peredo Bruno Apr 2024

Untangling The Knots: The Impact Of Counseling For Immigrant Minors, Belen Peredo Bruno

Liberty University Research Week

This study aims to answer the question: What impact can psychological counseling have on immigrant minors? Previous research done on this topic has shown that many immigrant youths are encouraged by their family members not to talk and to forget about traumatic experiences that might have happened prior to their migration or during their journey to the United States. This encouragement of trauma repression can lead to the development of anxiety, depression, and even post-traumatic stress disorder, which negatively impacts any person’s well-being; even more so a child who is in a new country, learning a new language, and adapting …

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Feelings Of Loneliness And Their Associations With The Type Of Social Media Use In College Students: Mixed Methods Study, Andrei Sigunov Apr 2024

Feelings Of Loneliness And Their Associations With The Type Of Social Media Use In College Students: Mixed Methods Study, Andrei Sigunov

Liberty University Research Week

The issue of loneliness remains a big concern for a number of people nowadays. Loneliness appears as a predictor and an outcome of many mental impairments. Response to loneliness may be observed from behavioral and physiological sides by exploring subjective feelings and autonomic nervous response. There is an increasing number of social media users which results in increased screen time. The evidence of these relationships is mixed. Whereas some articles suggest that time spent on social media has a negative impact on people and increases feelings of loneliness, other studies give evidence that it may help people maintain or even …

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Transgenderism And Pronouns: Assessing The Communication Practices Of Christian College Students, Danielle Malanowski Apr 2024

Transgenderism And Pronouns: Assessing The Communication Practices Of Christian College Students, Danielle Malanowski

Liberty University Research Week

The issue of transgenderism has been part of prominent public and academic discussions in recent years and as such ought to be addressed by communication scholars. One area of communication research that is missing from the current body of literature is that of preferred pronoun usage amongst religious groups, particularly Christians. This study offers insight into this issue by answering the following research questions: how do members of Generation Z attending a Christian university adapt or not adapt their communication to accommodate individuals who identify as transgender? and what motivates members of Generation Z attending a Christian university to adapt …

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Generational Experiences Of Career Progression Barriers And Self-Efficacy In Black Professionals: Goals, Expectations, And Failures, Daphney Revolus Apr 2024

Generational Experiences Of Career Progression Barriers And Self-Efficacy In Black Professionals: Goals, Expectations, And Failures, Daphney Revolus

Liberty University Research Week

Career progression is a challenging process that requires time and effort. Today, the so-called corporate ladder has become much harder to climb. Professionals are now looking for opportunities for fast career growth; the desire for a ‘job for life’ no longer exists. Black professionals remain significantly underrepresented in mid- to senior-level management positions, despite the ever-increasing diversity rate in the United States over recent years. Generation X (born 1965-1980) and Millennials (born 1981-1996) are more motivated by progression in one’s career, while Baby Boomers (born 1946-1964) are more motivated by power in the workplace, and Gen Z (born 1997-2012) are …

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Resilience Through Relocation In Older Adulthood: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Holly Walker Apr 2024

Resilience Through Relocation In Older Adulthood: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Holly Walker

Liberty University Research Week

Resilience, the process and outcome of successful adaptation to a stressor, is important to maintain wellbeing through stressors such as relocation. Relocation is a common experience in late adulthood which can cause significant stress. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of resilience and its relationship to strengths and resources following relocation in older adulthood. The research questions regarded participants’ description of experiencing resilience after relocation and strengths and resources that contributed to that experience. Data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews with a criterion sample of six adults aged 65 and older who had relocated within …

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Diabetic Management With Glp1-Ra Ozempic And Diabetic Education, Katrina Sivo-Souza Apr 2024

Diabetic Management With Glp1-Ra Ozempic And Diabetic Education, Katrina Sivo-Souza

Liberty University Research Week

Diabetes mellitus remains the seventh leading cause of death within the country. This diagnosis can and often does lead to severe complications, creating implications for not only the patient but also families, caregivers, and the community. Most diabetic patients possess a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The healthcare industry continues to implement improvement with diabetic management and complications resulting from diabetes. Research suggests that the standard of care for patients with diabetes begins with lifestyle modification to improve glycemic control. New medications, such as Ozempic (semaglutide), have also been influential in diabetic management. Therefore, this scholarly project intended to …

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Forgiveness And Religiosity Among Registered Nurses: A Correlational Study, Lora Mullen Apr 2024

Forgiveness And Religiosity Among Registered Nurses: A Correlational Study, Lora Mullen

Liberty University Research Week

Believed to be triggered by a stress response, the burden of unforgiveness can cause both physiological and psychological harm to the victim. This harm manifests itself in the form of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, unresolved anger, sleep disturbances, immune suppression leading to increased risk of infection, increased cortisol levels, and cardiovascular changes leading to increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. As holistic care givers, nurses support and encourage patient health and wellness through personal participation of self-care initiatives, including forgiveness of self and others. In this correlational study, ninety-seven licensed, practicing registered nurses completed an online survey investigating …

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A Preliminary Analysis Of Self-Reported Long Covid Experience Among Residents Of The Central Virginia Health District, Through Partnership With The Virginia Department Of Health, October 5, 2023- November 20, 2023, Michala Geraty Apr 2024

A Preliminary Analysis Of Self-Reported Long Covid Experience Among Residents Of The Central Virginia Health District, Through Partnership With The Virginia Department Of Health, October 5, 2023- November 20, 2023, Michala Geraty

Liberty University Research Week

While the public health emergency of COVID-19 has been declared over for some time, a large segment of the global population is now experiencing what health professionals have termed “Long COVID.” Long COVID is a unique condition characterized by the emergence of novel or prolonged symptoms following an acute COVID-19 infection. The Central Virginia Health District (CVHD), within the Virginia Department of Health, developed an evidence-based interview to collect data on self-reported cases of Long COVID within residents of its’ district. CVHD includes the counties of Appomattox, Amherst, Bedford, Campbell, and Lynchburg City. The aim of this research is to …

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