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High And Dry - Contextualizing Domestic Root Cellar Drains In Southern Ontario, Anatolijs Venovcevs Apr 2024

High And Dry - Contextualizing Domestic Root Cellar Drains In Southern Ontario, Anatolijs Venovcevs

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The subterranean root cellar is the quintessential feature of rural nineteenth-century archaeological sites in Ontario and much archaeological, historical, and architectural research on rural farmsteads has focused on defining and understanding these structures. However, this work has neglected an important component of this feature – the root cellar drain. This paper contextualizes these features within their broader nineteenth-century ideals of drainage and goes on to tackle the topic with the use of statistical analysis on the associated geographical, social, and economic attributes. The discussion presents opportunities that are present from the vast quantities of historical sites that have been excavated …


Unearthing The Ancient Metropolis: Perth Amboy's Clark-Watson Site, Richard F. Veit Apr 2024

Unearthing The Ancient Metropolis: Perth Amboy's Clark-Watson Site, Richard F. Veit

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This Clark-Watson Site in Perth Amboy, New Jersey is one of the richest early colonial sites in the state. It is named for two early property owners: Benjamin Clark a Scottish stationer and bookseller who moved to New Jersey in 1683 and John Watson (1685-1768), a noted 18th-century artist. Excavations at the site by William Pavlovsky unearthed an extraordinary collection of colonial artifacts. The archaeological assemblage provides an unparalleled glimpse into the material life of settlers in Perth Amboy during a period when the city aspired to be a center of international trade and was competing directly and …


Forgotten Places In Political Spaces, Lisa K. Rankin, Peter G. Ramsden Apr 2024

Forgotten Places In Political Spaces, Lisa K. Rankin, Peter G. Ramsden

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The way in which many people, perhaps particularly those in secure and affluent circumstances, view their ancestry and heritage, and display it to others, is often a matter of pride. In some contexts, however, the identification of ‘ancestors’ and ‘heritage’ can have critically important - and sometimes dire - political, social and spiritual ramifications. Here we examine examples in which archaeological and/or historical evidence points to a distancing or ‘active forgetting’ of ancestors and places associated with them. The motives for creating these ‘forgotten places’ are diverse and might include a fear of ‘ghosts’ or death, the desire to project …


The First Foundation Of A Good House: Ferryland's Mansion House Kitchen, John D. Archer Apr 2024

The First Foundation Of A Good House: Ferryland's Mansion House Kitchen, John D. Archer

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The community of Ferryland, located on Newfoundland’s Avalon Peninsula, is home to the remains of George Calvert’s initial attempt at colonial settlement in North America. Over 25 years of excavations and research at the site have produced an increasingly detailed image of life in the seventeenth-century community there. As part of this ongoing work, the project discussed in this paper explores the use and provisioning of a detached kitchen which would have served Ferryland’s Mansion House. Built between 1621 and 1627, the structure makes up one half of a detached service wing adjacent to the Mansion House, fitting a pattern …


An Inconvenient Corpse: Settler Adaptation To Winter Death And Burial Through Structural And Oral History, Robyn S. Lacy Apr 2024

An Inconvenient Corpse: Settler Adaptation To Winter Death And Burial Through Structural And Oral History, Robyn S. Lacy

Northeast Historical Archaeology

While the archaeology of death and burial is a popular avenue of research, considerations for burial practices during winter months in northerly climates when temperatures regularly drop below 0°C / 32°F aren’t regularly considered. Excavations in search of the early 17th-century burials associated with Sir George Calvert’s English colony in Ferryland, Newfoundland considered different options for winter body disposal. While burial on land presented the most plausible option in the colonial period, deaths during the winter would have posed a problem for settlers. With limited options for digging in frozen ground, the storage of dead bodies during the …


Cod Fish And Cooking Pots: Research On Trade Routes Of The French North Atlantic, Mallory Champagne, Catherine Losier Apr 2024

Cod Fish And Cooking Pots: Research On Trade Routes Of The French North Atlantic, Mallory Champagne, Catherine Losier

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The materiality of the French occupation at Anse à Bertrand, Saint-Pierre has been documented over three years of excavation to understand the commercial routes that provisioned the fisherman who inhabited the point from 1763 to 1815. By comparing the ceramics from that occupation to the temporally similar Habitation Crève Coeur in Martinique, the trade routes that connect France’s colonial territories can be further understood, highlighting the vitality of these labour forces to the French empire.


"From The Sea, Work": Investigating Historical French Landscapes And Lifeways At Anse À Bertrand, Saint-Pierre Et Miquelon, Meghann Livingston, Catherine Losier Apr 2024

"From The Sea, Work": Investigating Historical French Landscapes And Lifeways At Anse À Bertrand, Saint-Pierre Et Miquelon, Meghann Livingston, Catherine Losier

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Given its history and changing role within the French salt-cod fishery, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon was essential for French colonial expansion throughout the Atlantic World. Saint-Pierre’s sheltered harbour paired with the archipelago’s proximity to the Grand Banks made these islands an ideal locale for carrying out shore-based activities associated with the salt-cod fishery. In this way, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon can be viewed not only as an integral component of the French presence within the greater region but also as a unique cultural landscape within its own right. With particular reference to Anse à Bertrand, a site located on the southeastern edge …


A Material History Of The Early Eighteenth-Century Cod Fishery In Canso, Nova Scotia, Adrian Lk Morrison Apr 2024

A Material History Of The Early Eighteenth-Century Cod Fishery In Canso, Nova Scotia, Adrian Lk Morrison

Northeast Historical Archaeology

In the early eighteenth century, Canso, Nova Scotia housed an influential Anglo-American fishing and trading community with far-reaching connections across Europe and the Americas. The islands were inhabited by a small permanent population joined each year by hundreds of migratory workers who established seasonal operations along their shores. Despite high hopes for long-term development, success would be short lived. Canso was a volatile space: the islands were contested territory and existed within a tense and turbulent frontier. The settlement was attacked multiple times and was destroyed in 1744. This paper draws upon new research and previous archaeological studies to discuss …


Transatlantic Traditions: The History Of Welsh Quarrying And Its Connections To Newfoundland Slate, Alexa D. Spiwak, Johanna Cole Apr 2024

Transatlantic Traditions: The History Of Welsh Quarrying And Its Connections To Newfoundland Slate, Alexa D. Spiwak, Johanna Cole

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Previous archaeological investigations have conclusively shown that the presence of Welshmen has co-occurred with the practice of local slate quarrying in Newfoundland since the early colonial ventures of the 17th century. The island experienced a resurgence in Welsh culture in the 19th century when a number of small slate quarries were established overlooking both the Bay of Islands on the west coast and Smith Sound in Trinity Bay. The following article outlines the history of these 19th-century Newfoundland quarries, as well as the social, political and economic factors which encouraged the migration of Welsh quarrymen across the Atlantic to remote …


The Avalon Historic Petroglyphs Project: Investigating Historic Graffiti And Petroglyphs On Newfoundland’S Eastern Avalon Peninsula, Barry C. Gaulton, Bryn Tapper, Duncan Williams, Donna Teasdale Apr 2024

The Avalon Historic Petroglyphs Project: Investigating Historic Graffiti And Petroglyphs On Newfoundland’S Eastern Avalon Peninsula, Barry C. Gaulton, Bryn Tapper, Duncan Williams, Donna Teasdale

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Newfoundland’s Avalon Peninsula contains many examples of petroglyphs, historic graffiti and inscriptions/engravings dating from the 17th to 20th centuries. This paper highlights the sites of Kingman’s Cove (CfAf-25) and Brigus South (CgAf-21), the computational photography and conservation techniques used in their recording, and current interpretations on who made them, why, when, and what they represent. The results show the broad potential of historic inscriptions for understanding the movements of people who are often poorly represented in the documentary record, the importance of peripheral landscapes and features as foci for self-expression, place-making and remembrance, and the need for innovative methodologies to …


Inuit Land Use Patterns In The Hopedale Region, Deirdre A. Elliott Apr 2024

Inuit Land Use Patterns In The Hopedale Region, Deirdre A. Elliott

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This paper presents preliminary insights from an exploratory archaeological survey of the Hopedale region, Nunatsiavut. Despite its continued importance — from the 17th century as an Inuit whaling community — to the late 18th century with one of Labrador’s first Moravian missions, to today as the seat of the Nunatsiavut government, Hopedale has seen relatively little archaeological activity since the 1930s, and most of the islands and bays near the town had never been surveyed. A brief survey in the summer of 2018 recorded nearly 30 prehistoric, historic, and ethnographic sites, affirming the Labrador Inuit Association’s 1977 statement– “Our footprints …


Introduction, Barry Gaulton Apr 2024

Introduction, Barry Gaulton

Northeast Historical Archaeology

No abstract provided.


Editor's Introduction, Maria O'Donovan Apr 2024

Editor's Introduction, Maria O'Donovan

Northeast Historical Archaeology

No abstract provided.


The Effect Of Nurse Staffing On Patients Perceived Care, Jenna Racey, Victoria Newman, Erin Wojtkowski, Jillian Crews Apr 2024

The Effect Of Nurse Staffing On Patients Perceived Care, Jenna Racey, Victoria Newman, Erin Wojtkowski, Jillian Crews

Student Scholar Showcase

In discharged patients, how do fully staffed units compared with short-staffed units affect patient satisfaction levels during their inpatient experience? From the literature review, it was found that as nurse staffing declined, so did the patient-perceived quality of care and their loyalty to the respective hospitals. Also, as the percentage of assistant nurses to registered nurses increased, the patients reported poor care and decreased nursing guidance. While more research is needed on this prevalent issue, a recommendation of how nurse staffing issues could be changed is to increase nurse staffing visibility, especially in units with poor reported patient outcomes in …


Cracking A Back Is Not Rehabilitation: A Comparative Analysis Of Chiropractic Vs. Physical Therapy, Lauren M. Radack Apr 2024

Cracking A Back Is Not Rehabilitation: A Comparative Analysis Of Chiropractic Vs. Physical Therapy, Lauren M. Radack

Student Scholar Showcase

There is an increasingly common belief among the general public that chiropractic care is more successful in treating injuries than physical therapy. Research shows that chiropractic care cannot be compared to physical therapy due to their different skill sets, knowledge of treatment, and applications; therefore, one modality cannot be determined better than the other. While the two domains are incomparable, individuals continue to feel pressured to select between chiropractic care and physical Therapy. Analyzing the influence of the false claims and misinformation that surrounds rehabilitation services, the belief that physical therapy treatment is able to be replaced by chiropractic treatment …


The Power: Gender: A Superhero Or A Scapegoat?, Zoe Winfield Berken Apr 2024

The Power: Gender: A Superhero Or A Scapegoat?, Zoe Winfield Berken

KUCC -- Kutztown University Composition Conference

No abstract provided.


Aiming For Fairness: An Exploration Into Getty Images V. Stability Ai And Its Importance In The Landscape Of Modern Copyright Law, Matthew Coulter Apr 2024

Aiming For Fairness: An Exploration Into Getty Images V. Stability Ai And Its Importance In The Landscape Of Modern Copyright Law, Matthew Coulter

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.


A Timeless Principle: Copyright Before The Statute Of Anne, Victoria Lieberman Apr 2024

A Timeless Principle: Copyright Before The Statute Of Anne, Victoria Lieberman

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.


Innovation At A Crossroads: The Supreme Court's Influence On Pharmaceuticals, Trade Policies, And Public Health, Beau Reeves Apr 2024

Innovation At A Crossroads: The Supreme Court's Influence On Pharmaceuticals, Trade Policies, And Public Health, Beau Reeves

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.


Beautifying The Human Experience: The Road To Knocking Out The Knockoff Industry Through Adaptions To Copyright & Design Patent Protections For Clothing, Moira Mccabe Apr 2024

Beautifying The Human Experience: The Road To Knocking Out The Knockoff Industry Through Adaptions To Copyright & Design Patent Protections For Clothing, Moira Mccabe

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.


Spiritually Artificial: Divine Intersection Exploration, Christopher Jaus Apr 2024

Spiritually Artificial: Divine Intersection Exploration, Christopher Jaus

Liberty University Research Week

This paper examines the broad topic of personhood within the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and how consciousness, namely the free will aspect, can frame our interactions, especially when considering a typical evangelical hermeneutic. AI which is simply a Bio-Inspired design from God’s glorious creation has a long and rich history spanning almost 70 years. AI as a term was first coined in 1956, although the mathematics of computing in general, then dubbed “Turing Machines” was two decades earlier. Despite going through “AI winters” or periods where AI fell out of popularity due to high expectations and overpromising of researchers, …


Demons 101: A Comparative Understanding Of Ancient Near Eastern Demons, Christopher Dykes Apr 2024

Demons 101: A Comparative Understanding Of Ancient Near Eastern Demons, Christopher Dykes

Liberty University Research Week

The 2012 international conference "Evil Spirits, Monsters, and Benevolent Protectors: Demonology in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia" served as a catalyst, igniting a renewed interest in supernatural beings. Among the topics covered, one worth exploring more is the taxonomical issues in studying ancient conceptions of demons. This paper seeks to develop a better understanding of the differences between demons in the ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian context. One source being the Udug-Hul incantation tablets from Mesopotamia, the other being the Leiden Magical Papyri from Egypt. Both these texts are medical texts to treat demon caused illnesses. This study seeks to understand the …


In The Shadows Of Conquest: The Modern Maya Syncretic Legacy, Kimberly Weaner Apr 2024

In The Shadows Of Conquest: The Modern Maya Syncretic Legacy, Kimberly Weaner

Liberty University Research Week

Modern-day Guatemala is a unique illustration of the cultural and historical impacts of Spanish Colonialism. The Spanish Empire did not encounter a powerful central civilization to rival the likes of the Incas in Peru or the Aztecs in Mexico. Instead, Guatemala housed the remnants of the Maya, a once powerful civilization past their height. These Maya remnants fought hard to preserve their culture, forcing the Spanish conquistadors to come up with new methods of enslavement and authority. When the Spanish arrived in 1524, the Maya had collapsed into several small, fortified kingdoms, the strongest of which were the K’iche and …


Ai Propulsion Of Globalization, Aleksandra Drozd Apr 2024

Ai Propulsion Of Globalization, Aleksandra Drozd

Liberty University Research Week

The invention and continual growth of artificial intelligence (AI) on the global stage have significantly shaped the world’s economies, governments, societies and their cultures. The new industrial revolution and the subsequent race of the world’s leading powers have led to increased international joint efforts and exchange of information, simultaneously reducing barriers to trade and communication. Meanwhile, emerging technologies deploying AI have driven changes in human behavior and culture, and challenged the traditional nation-state model. Within the same time frame, the world stage has undergone profound transformations with a clear trend of globalization, the tightening of international relations and closer cooperation …


Ending American Slavery Once And For All: Lincoln, Natural Law, The Bible, And The Federal Government, Alexander Marks-Katz Apr 2024

Ending American Slavery Once And For All: Lincoln, Natural Law, The Bible, And The Federal Government, Alexander Marks-Katz

Liberty University Research Week

My research topic is the natural law foundation for Lincoln’s ending slavery. My literature both considers Lincoln’s philosophy—which is based on natural law—and Lincoln, the historical man—i.e., historical factors influencing Lincoln’s decision. My research question is “How did Abraham Lincoln conceive of liberty?” My research methods for the philosophical aspect of my topic are to identify the chain of thinkers who developed natural law philosophy with a particular focus on what they said about slavery. These thinkers and works include the Pentateuch, the Gospels and Epistles, Aristotle (Nicomachean Ethics), Cicero (The Laws), Thomas Aquinas (Summa Theologica), the medieval Bible commentator …


The Imminent Crisis Of Deepfake Porn, Elaine Webb Apr 2024

The Imminent Crisis Of Deepfake Porn, Elaine Webb

Liberty University Research Week

This paper examines the causes, effects, and proposes solutions to the current crisis of deepfake porn. Deepfake Porn has been defined by The Guardian in April of 2023 as synthetically created pornography. Dutch AI company, Sensity, concluded in 2023 that 96% of deepfake videos online are pornographic. Female celebrities have historically been the victim of deepfake porn but its newest target is the everyday person. This exploitation is unacceptable and means that nonconsensual sex is no longer limited to the physical realm. The two main causes of deepfake porn are toxic pornographic culture and unrestricted technological advancement in the modern …


Traces Of The Past: German Romantic Influence On Macdonald, Lewis, Tolkien, And L’Engle, Suzanne Stem Apr 2024

Traces Of The Past: German Romantic Influence On Macdonald, Lewis, Tolkien, And L’Engle, Suzanne Stem

Liberty University Research Week

This paper examines German Romanticism’s profound impact on the European literary culture and how German writers such as Novalis (pen name of Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg) and E. T. A. Hoffmann planted the seeds that would grow into the masterful works of George MacDonald. By examining the characteristics and historical context of the German Romantic movement, the connections to George MacDonald become clear. Through his fairy tales and fantasy novels, MacDonald became a powerful influence on future fantasy writers C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, and Madeleine L’Engle. Examples of three key characteristics of German Romanticism can be found in …


Media Impact On Stereotypes: How The Media Feeds The Bias Beast, Emma Campbell Apr 2024

Media Impact On Stereotypes: How The Media Feeds The Bias Beast, Emma Campbell

Liberty University Research Week

This project examines the ways in which news media perpetuates inaccurate stereotypes, different methods of diminishing stereotyping on a psychological level, and proposes an adaptation of these strategies to be applied in the news media industry. It is well documented that the media industry frequently feeds stereotypic images rather than diminishing them, even if unintentionally. Stereotypic portrayals in the media can have real-world impacts on the people or groups unfairly treated. These impacts range from influencing interpersonal interactions to influencing public policy that affects those subjected to stereotyping. Existing research has primarily examined the psychological processes of stereotyping and how …


Devastation Through Assimilation: The Struggle For Cultural Preservation In The Armenian Genocide, Evelyn Loftin Apr 2024

Devastation Through Assimilation: The Struggle For Cultural Preservation In The Armenian Genocide, Evelyn Loftin

Liberty University Research Week

The Armenian genocide was detrimental to Armenian society; permanently altering Armenian faith, language, and culture. The history and relationship between the Ottoman Turks and the Christian Armenians is a long, drawn-out, tumultuous history that came to a boiling point during the Great War. The Anatolian Peninsula was forever changed due to the implementation of Turkification by the Ottoman government and the individual Turkish citizens' hatred towards the Armenian people. Through violent and traumatic actions, the Ottomans attempted to eradicate the Armenians along with any trace of their culture. Following the elimination of the male Armenian population, the responsibility for the …


Obedience, Courage & Loyalty: Revisiting The Story Of The First Patch Of The Army, Harold Skinner Apr 2024

Obedience, Courage & Loyalty: Revisiting The Story Of The First Patch Of The Army, Harold Skinner

Liberty University Research Week

During World War I, the United States War Department ordered each combat division to mark unit equipment with a unique colored emblem. General Charles J. Bailey, the commander of the 81st Division, went one step further in creating a distinctive “wildcat” uniform emblem. When called to account for his breach of uniform regulations, General Bailey instead convinced Commander-in-Chief General John J. Pershing to approve the practice of wearing unique unit insignias, thus giving rise to an unbroken 105-year-old Army tradition. Yet, some of the details in the accepted narrative of the “wildcat patch” remain unclear. First, did the 81st Division …