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Presentation Of Bilateral Acetabular Labral Tears In A Collegiate Women’S Lacrosse Player: A Level 3 Clinical Case Study, W Giannelli, K Herraiz, A Mercer Sep 2024

Presentation Of Bilateral Acetabular Labral Tears In A Collegiate Women’S Lacrosse Player: A Level 3 Clinical Case Study, W Giannelli, K Herraiz, A Mercer

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: The hip and groin injury rate in female collegiate lacrosse players has been reported to be 35.06 per 100,000 athlete exposures yet the frequency of acetabular labral tears (ATL) remains unclear. Sports which involve repeated bouts of running in combination with frequent twisting and pivoting motions, have been suggested to have a higher prevalence rate of ALT. This level 3 case study will discuss the unique presentation of bilateral ALTs in a female collegiate lacrosse player. Patient: Patient is a 19-year-old Division I collegiate women’s lacrosse player who first presented with pain in her left hip while at home …


Reliability And Validity Of The Iphone To Measure Hip Internal And External Rotation, Jl Blatz, Nm Cattano Sep 2024

Reliability And Validity Of The Iphone To Measure Hip Internal And External Rotation, Jl Blatz, Nm Cattano

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: Clinicians use a traditional goniometer or a quick visual estimate to measure range of motion (ROM) in patients, these methods can be time consuming or inaccurate. The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability and validity of the iPhone Measure app to measure hip internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER). Methods: 20 participants were recruited; they were physically active and aged 18-28 years old. Hip IR and ER was measured prone with the subject on a table. The measures were taken three times and bilaterally for each, then recorded. The ROM was measured by 2 student …


Single Limb Postural Control Throughout A Collegiate Football Season, L Custer, S Tomasi, J Lima, A Rieland Sep 2024

Single Limb Postural Control Throughout A Collegiate Football Season, L Custer, S Tomasi, J Lima, A Rieland

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: It is estimated that college football players sustain an average of 3 subconcussive blows to the head per game. Limited research has demonstrated that collegiate football players present with decreased static postural control, as measured using the Balance Error Scoring System, at the end of season compared to baseline. Interestingly, neurocognitive test scores in collegiate football players were not found to differ preseason, midseason and postseason. Authors hypothesized that using neurocognitive tests may not have been sensitive enough to detect the effects of the subconcussive impacts. Force plate data provides valid information of postural control. The purpose of this …


Specific Barriers To Athletic Trainers’ Familiarity With And Attitudes Toward Concussion Biomarkers: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Te Mccormick, Jm Allen, Kgs Swindell, Tr Campbell Sep 2024

Specific Barriers To Athletic Trainers’ Familiarity With And Attitudes Toward Concussion Biomarkers: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study, Te Mccormick, Jm Allen, Kgs Swindell, Tr Campbell

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: The diagnosis of concussions is largely reliant on subjective information in conjunction with objective measures that might not be the most valid and/or reliable. There is now new research being performed evaluating the use of biological indicators, or biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of concussion. However, the amount of knowledge about biomarkers among athletic trainers is unknown. Additionally, the barriers preventing ATs from using such biomarkers has yet to be studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine athletic trainers’ familiarity with and their attitude towards concussion biomarkers, while evaluating specific barriers preventing their use in …


The Analysis Of Ground Kinematics In Tie-Down Ropers, M Watts, A Chelette, J Sandford, K Mata Sep 2024

The Analysis Of Ground Kinematics In Tie-Down Ropers, M Watts, A Chelette, J Sandford, K Mata

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: Tie-down roping, an event in rodeo, occurs when the athlete ropes a calf while on horseback, quickly dismounts from the horse and ties three legs of the calf together. Injuries to the knee and lower body have occurred with athletes in the tie-down roping event. Previous research with college rodeo athletes has shown the knee to be the most frequently injured area of the body. The athlete’s lower body movements during the dismount from the horse may increase the risk of injury to the knee. However, these movements have not been previously studied in the tie-down roping event. The …


The Food Environment Of Female Athletes Attending Historically Black Colleges And Universities: A Qualitative Study On The Dimensions Of Food Access And Nutrition, Na Uriegas, Zk Winkelmann, Dm Emerson Sep 2024

The Food Environment Of Female Athletes Attending Historically Black Colleges And Universities: A Qualitative Study On The Dimensions Of Food Access And Nutrition, Na Uriegas, Zk Winkelmann, Dm Emerson

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: Student-athletes are a subset of college students who face additional stressors related to the demands of their sport and academic workload. The food choices of student-athletes may be influenced by the unique food environment they are in. Further challenges may present for Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) student-athletes as their institutions tend to be in low food access areas. We aimed to assess food security and explore the lived experiences of HBCU female student-athletes surrounding their food environment and ability to access food based on the five dimensions of food access: availability, accessibility, affordability, accommodation, and acceptability. Methods: …


Use Of An External Dynamic Arm Stabilizer In A Collegiate Baseball Player With Valgus Extension Overload: A Case Report., Jp Goza, Ap Jacobsen Sep 2024

Use Of An External Dynamic Arm Stabilizer In A Collegiate Baseball Player With Valgus Extension Overload: A Case Report., Jp Goza, Ap Jacobsen

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Background: A 21-year-old, male, collegiate baseball player reported to the athletic training staff complaining of pain along the posteromedial aspect of the right elbow. The patient reported a previous history of a grade I ulnar collateral ligament sprain that had been rehabilitated until he was able to return to full pain free activities. The patient could not recall a specific mechanism of injury. Physical examination revealed a loss of terminal elbow extension, and pain along the posteromedial aspect of the elbow. The patient reported no neurological symptoms during or after throwing. Valgus Stress, Milking, and Posterolateral Rotary Drawer tests were …


Weighted Ball Programs And Medial Elbow Injury In Youth Baseball Pitchers, M Sobolewski, K Pritchard Sep 2024

Weighted Ball Programs And Medial Elbow Injury In Youth Baseball Pitchers, M Sobolewski, K Pritchard

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Weighted ball programs have been proven to increase pitching velocity, however a combination of poor musculature and body mechanics with increased elbow valgus can heighten the incidence of medial elbow overuse injuries in the youth population. Clinical Question: Can youth baseball pitchers who use weighted ball programs increase their pitching velocity without causing an increased risk of medial elbow injury? Methods: The literature was explored to discover studies that investigated medial elbow injuries using weighted ball programs in youth baseball pitchers. Articles included weighted ball programs as an intervention, kinetics/injury mechanics, youth elbow injuries, and prevention of overuse injuries. …


Small Gtp-Binding Protein Gdp Dissociation Stimulator Influences Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Via Perk-Dependent Er Stress, Yuxue Yang, Ting Xiong, Ti Wang, Xiwei Chen, Ziwei Ma, Bangyun Zuo, Dong Ning, Ruilong Song, Xuesong Liu, Daxin Wang Sep 2024

Small Gtp-Binding Protein Gdp Dissociation Stimulator Influences Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Via Perk-Dependent Er Stress, Yuxue Yang, Ting Xiong, Ti Wang, Xiwei Chen, Ziwei Ma, Bangyun Zuo, Dong Ning, Ruilong Song, Xuesong Liu, Daxin Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Cisplatin is a common anticancer drug, but its frequent nephrotoxicity limits its clinical use. Small GTP-binding protein GDP dissociation stimulator (smgGDS), a small GTPase chaperone protein, was considerably downregulated during cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CDDP-AKI), especially in renal tubular epithelial cells. SmgGDS-knockdown mice was established and found that smgGDS knockdown promoted CDDP-AKI, as demonstrated by an increase in serum creatine, blood urea nitrogen levels and the appearance of tubular patterns. RNA sequencing suggested that protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), which bridges mitochondria-associated ER membranes, was involved in smgGDS knockdown following CDDP-AKI, and then identified that smgGDS knockdown increased phosphorylated-PERK …


Und Leads Implementation Team Meeting Agenda — September 5, 2024, University Of North Dakota Sep 2024

Und Leads Implementation Team Meeting Agenda — September 5, 2024, University Of North Dakota

LEADS Implementation Documents

Agenda for the September 5, 2024 meeting of the UND LEADS Implementation Team. The agenda includes subgroup reports, student outreach, LEADS Activity Inventory status, a LEARNING metrics preview, activity submission processes, and input on the SUA/SIP process.


David Esleck Trio, Department Of Music, University Of Richmond Sep 2024

David Esleck Trio, Department Of Music, University Of Richmond

Music Department Concert Programs

No abstract provided.


The Roddey Mcmillan Record - September 5, 2024, Winthrop University Sep 2024

The Roddey Mcmillan Record - September 5, 2024, Winthrop University

The RMR 2020-2029

The Roddey McMillan Record (RMR) is Winthrop’s monthly multicultural student publication. The RMR has been a significant voice of the minority population of the Winthrop comunity since its creation by Gail Harris in April 1986. It promotes awareness and understanding of issues concerning minorities for the prosperity of the entire Winthrop community. The purpose of the RMR is to shine light on the many diverse cultures at Winthrop, focusing on issues, concerns and happenings of those who represent the multicultural community on campus. The Roddey McMillan Record is named after Dr. Cynthia Roddey and Atty, Sheila McMillan. Cynthia Roddey was …


Clinical Practice Guideline-Inconsistent Chemotherapy-Induced Vomiting Prophylaxis In Pediatric Cancer Patients In Community Settings: A Children's Oncology Group Study, Aaron J. Sugalski, Allison C. Grimes, Michelle M. Nuño, Subhash Ramakrishnan, Melissa P. Beauchemin, Paula D. Robinson, Nancy Santesso, Alexandra M. Walsh, Andrea R. Wrightson, Lolie C. Yu, Susan K. Parsons, Lillian Sung, L. Lee Dupuis Sep 2024

Clinical Practice Guideline-Inconsistent Chemotherapy-Induced Vomiting Prophylaxis In Pediatric Cancer Patients In Community Settings: A Children's Oncology Group Study, Aaron J. Sugalski, Allison C. Grimes, Michelle M. Nuño, Subhash Ramakrishnan, Melissa P. Beauchemin, Paula D. Robinson, Nancy Santesso, Alexandra M. Walsh, Andrea R. Wrightson, Lolie C. Yu, Susan K. Parsons, Lillian Sung, L. Lee Dupuis

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients receiving clinical practice guideline (CPG)-inconsistent care related to chemotherapy-induced vomiting (CIV) prophylaxis, and to describe the association between CPG-inconsistent care and site size. The association between delivery of CPG-inconsistent care and patient outcomes (CIV control, admission prolongation, and unplanned healthcare visits) was also described. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Children's Oncology Group (COG) National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) sites. Eligible patients received highly (HEC) or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) as inpatients from January 2014 through December 2015, and were previously enrolled in a COG …


Exploring The Incumbent Early Childhood Workforce As Teachers Who Student And Students Who Teach: A Phenomenological Study, Kate Maxine Connor Sep 2024

Exploring The Incumbent Early Childhood Workforce As Teachers Who Student And Students Who Teach: A Phenomenological Study, Kate Maxine Connor

Dissertations

The professionalization efforts within the early childhood workforce continue to push for current workforce members to return to college to earn associate or baccalaureate degrees. Leaders of these efforts have called for higher education institutions to be flexible and supportive. At the same time, there is little research on the experiences of teachers returning to college, particularly those attending community colleges where most early childhood higher education programs exist. This hermeneutic phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of early childhood teachers returning to school to earn their Associate of Applied Science degree in Early Childhood while working in classroom settings. …


Streptococcus Pneumoniae Spinal Epidural Abscess In An Immunocompetent Patient, Salena Sinnasone, Michelle Blyth Sep 2024

Streptococcus Pneumoniae Spinal Epidural Abscess In An Immunocompetent Patient, Salena Sinnasone, Michelle Blyth

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Epidural abscesses are a rare diagnosis in immunocompetent patients. The most common risk factors linked with spinal epidural abscesses are intravenous drug use, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, and iatrogenic factors like prior surgery and catheter usage. The thoracic and lumbar spine are the most common sites of these abscesses. Clinical presentation can include back pain, fever, and neurologic deterioration, with back pain occurring in almost two-thirds of patients. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative pathogen. We present a 50 male with no significant past medical or family history who presented with progressive back pain for greater than one week, chills …


Montana Kaimin, September 5, 2024, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula Sep 2024

Montana Kaimin, September 5, 2024, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.


September 5, 2024, James Madison University Sep 2024

September 5, 2024, James Madison University

The Breeze, 2020-

The Breeze is the student newspaper of James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia.


September 5, 2024, The Daily Mississippian Sep 2024

September 5, 2024, The Daily Mississippian

Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues)

No abstract provided.


Emotional Design Of Lecture Slides During Anatomy Lectures: Effect On Mood, Cognitive, Load And Memory Retention, Joshua Raj Narayanan Sep 2024

Emotional Design Of Lecture Slides During Anatomy Lectures: Effect On Mood, Cognitive, Load And Memory Retention, Joshua Raj Narayanan

Student Works (2020-2029)

This study investigates the efficacy of emotional design in Anatomy and Medical education, a subject hitherto unexamined in emotional design studies. Further, unlike previous studies, this study utilised a natural learning environment rather than computer-based lessons. We investigated how the emotional design of lecture slides impacts mood, cognitive load and memory retention in first-year anatomy students studying medicine and dentistry in Universiti Malaya across three separate lectures. The control group (medical students) were exposed to emotionally neutral slides, while the experiment group (dental students) were exposed to emotionally positive slides. Questionnaires were used to assess changes in participants' mood, as …


Association Between Unmet Needs And Happiness In Women Living With Breast Cancer In A Multiethnic, Middle-Income Setting, Nithiya Sinarajoo Sep 2024

Association Between Unmet Needs And Happiness In Women Living With Breast Cancer In A Multiethnic, Middle-Income Setting, Nithiya Sinarajoo

Student Works (2020-2029)

While improved breast cancer survival rates are commendable, healthcare professionals and stakeholders must acknowledge potential strains on the healthcare system and society if optimal support and survivorship programs are not established. A global shift towards personalized, holistic patient care is crucial. However, implementing such care in a low- and middle-income country like Malaysia faces significant barriers. Positive psychology, which focuses on fostering positive emotions, has shown promise in promoting better health and longevity in healthy populations. However, research on the concept of happiness, both as a predictor of health outcomes and as a patient-reported outcome in cancer settings, remains limited. …


Determination Of Calcium Digestibility And Bioavailability In 5 Limestone Sources Using Commercial Broiler And Crossbred Chickens, R. L. Drysdale, P. L. Utterback, Benjamin Parsons, C. M. Parsons Sep 2024

Determination Of Calcium Digestibility And Bioavailability In 5 Limestone Sources Using Commercial Broiler And Crossbred Chickens, R. L. Drysdale, P. L. Utterback, Benjamin Parsons, C. M. Parsons

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Three experiments were conducted to determine effect of feeding 5 commercial limestones varying in solubility (88–97%), mean particle size (500–700 microns), and geographical origin on Ca bioavailability and digestibility in commercial broiler and crossbred chickens. In Experiment 1, both crossbred and commercial chickens were used to measure the effect of dietary Ca level on tibia bone ash to develop a slope-ratio Ca bioavailability assay. Chickens were fed diets that contained Ca levels ranging from 0.20% to 0.95% from 9 to 22 d-of-age. Regressions of bone ash (mg/tibia and %) on supplemental Ca intake yielded large linear responses in both types …


Lo-Fi, Quick And Glitchy: T(H)Inkering With Unreal Engine In Digital, Hybrid, And Expanded Theatre, Andrew Prior, Musaab Garghouti, Greg Bott Sep 2024

Lo-Fi, Quick And Glitchy: T(H)Inkering With Unreal Engine In Digital, Hybrid, And Expanded Theatre, Andrew Prior, Musaab Garghouti, Greg Bott

School of Art, Design and Architecture

This paper explores the creative tensions involved in bringing together the rapid ideation of theatre devising process with the meticulous development typical of 3D and immersive production. With reference to a collaboration between University of Plymouth and the Wardrobe Ensemble theatre company, the text focuses on the integration of Unreal Engine into devised theatre production. It discusses: the navigation of these differing temporalities; methodologies for creating media in a way is incorporated into the devising process; and the promotion of media assets as active elements within the narrative. The approach of "t(h)inkering" is introduced—combining the concepts of thinking and tinkering—as …


Angular Momentum Flow Without Anything Carrying It, Yakir Aharonov, Daniel Collins, Sandu Popescu Sep 2024

Angular Momentum Flow Without Anything Carrying It, Yakir Aharonov, Daniel Collins, Sandu Popescu

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Transfer of conserved quantities between two remote regions is generally assumed to be a rather trivial process: a flux of particles carrying the conserved quantities propagates from one region to another. However, we demonstrate a flow of angular momentum from one region to another across a region of space in which there is a vanishingly small probability of any particles (or fields) being present. This shows that the usual view of how conservation laws work needs to be revisited.


Improving Ligand Pharmacokinetics Via Bioisosteric Substitution Of Amides With 1, 2, 3-Triazoles While Maintaining Dopamine D4 Receptor Selectivity And Potency, Mohammad Alkhatib Sep 2024

Improving Ligand Pharmacokinetics Via Bioisosteric Substitution Of Amides With 1, 2, 3-Triazoles While Maintaining Dopamine D4 Receptor Selectivity And Potency, Mohammad Alkhatib

Theses and Dissertations

Several neurophysiological functions, such as attention, cognition, and emotional regulation, are regulated by the binding of dopamine on G-Protein coupled receptors. D4Rs are mainly located in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus and are known to have a key role in decision-making, memory formation, cognition, and attention. Administration of D4Rs- selective ligands during the preclinical studies enhance the outcomes and the results in animal models suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders, including ADHD, substance use disorders (SUD), and Alzheimer's disease. Recently, we reported a group of D4R-selective ligands with different efficacies depending on their phenylpiperazine ring scaffold to illustrate D4R function during …


Uab's Aeiva Presents "Outside Lines: Selections From Aeiva's Permanent Collection" From Sept. 13-Dec. 7, Shannon Thomason Sep 2024

Uab's Aeiva Presents "Outside Lines: Selections From Aeiva's Permanent Collection" From Sept. 13-Dec. 7, Shannon Thomason

Browse All News

No abstract provided.


Current Diagnostic And Quantitative Techniques In The Field Of Lymphedema Management: A Critical Review, Mary Vargo, Melissa Aldrich, Paula Donahue, Emily Iker, Louise Koelmeyer, Rachelle Crescenzi, Andrea Cheville Sep 2024

Current Diagnostic And Quantitative Techniques In The Field Of Lymphedema Management: A Critical Review, Mary Vargo, Melissa Aldrich, Paula Donahue, Emily Iker, Louise Koelmeyer, Rachelle Crescenzi, Andrea Cheville

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Lymphedema evaluation entails multifaceted considerations for which options continue to evolve and emerge. This paper provides a critical review of the current status of diagnostic and quantitative measures for lymphedema, from traditional and novel bedside assessment tools for volumetric and fluid assessment, to advanced imaging modalities. Modalities are contrasted with regard to empirical support and feasibility of clinical implementation. The manuscript proposes a grid framework for comparing the ability of each modality to quantify specific lymphedema characteristics, including distribution, dysmorphism, tissue composition and fluid content, lymphatic anatomy and function, metaplasia, clinical symptoms, and quality of life and function. This review …


Cyp3a-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavages In Drug Metabolism, Kevin R Mackenzie, Feng Li Sep 2024

Cyp3a-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavages In Drug Metabolism, Kevin R Mackenzie, Feng Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) play a critical role in drug metabolism, with the CYP3A subfamily being responsible for the biotransformation of over 50% of marked drugs. While CYP3A enzymes are known for their extensive catalytic versatility, one intriguing and less understood function is the ability to mediate carbon-carbon (C-C) bond cleavage. These uncommon reactions can lead to unusual metabolites and potentially influence drug safety and efficacy. This review focuses on examining examples of C-C bond cleavage catalyzed by CYP3A, exploring the mechanisms, physiological significance, and implications for drug metabolism. Additionally, examples of CYP3A-mediated ring expansion via C-C bond cleavages are …


Abstract Middle School Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs About Administrative Support And Online Teaching During The Covid-19, Alexandra Lee Wright Sep 2024

Abstract Middle School Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs About Administrative Support And Online Teaching During The Covid-19, Alexandra Lee Wright

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

During the spring of 2020, a South Georgia school implemented distance learning due to COVID-19, with little administrative support for the teachers for online instruction. This quick transition may have impacted teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about teaching online. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore middle school teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about online instruction and the impact administrative support may have had on these beliefs, while teaching remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was rooted in Bandura's self-efficacy theory and Venkatesh's Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The research questions investigated how administrative support and experience …


Asymmetric Distribution Of Color-Opponent Response Types Across Mouse Visual Cortex Supports Superior Color Vision In The Sky, Jiakun Fu, Sacha Sokoloski, Philipp Berens, Andreas Savas Tolias Sep 2024

Asymmetric Distribution Of Color-Opponent Response Types Across Mouse Visual Cortex Supports Superior Color Vision In The Sky, Jiakun Fu, Sacha Sokoloski, Philipp Berens, Andreas Savas Tolias

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Color is an important visual feature that informs behavior, and the retinal basis for color vision has been studied across various vertebrate species. While many studies have investigated how color information is processed in visual brain areas of primate species, we have limited understanding of how it is organized beyond the retina in other species, including most dichromatic mammals. In this study, we systematically characterized how color is represented in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice. Using large-scale neuronal recordings and a luminance and color noise stimulus, we found that more than a third of neurons in mouse V1 …


Rna Interacts With Topoisomerase I To Adjust Dna Topology, Homa Rahnamoun, Pedro Avila-Lopez, Elijah Taylor, Nefertiti Muhammad, Bei Liu, Prachi Patel, John F Marko, Anne C Starner, Chuan He, Eric L Van Nostrand, Alfonso Mondragón, Shannon M Lauberth Sep 2024

Rna Interacts With Topoisomerase I To Adjust Dna Topology, Homa Rahnamoun, Pedro Avila-Lopez, Elijah Taylor, Nefertiti Muhammad, Bei Liu, Prachi Patel, John F Marko, Anne C Starner, Chuan He, Eric L Van Nostrand, Alfonso Mondragón, Shannon M Lauberth

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Topoisomerase I (TOP1) is an essential enzyme that relaxes DNA to prevent and dissipate torsional stress during transcription. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of TOP1 activity remain elusive. Using enhanced cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) and ultraviolet-cross-linked RNA immunoprecipitation followed by total RNA sequencing (UV-RIP-seq) in human colon cancer cells along with RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), biolayer interferometry (BLI), and in vitro RNA-binding assays, we identify TOP1 as an RNA-binding protein (RBP). We show that TOP1 directly binds RNA in vitro and in cells and that most RNAs bound by TOP1 are mRNAs. Using a TOP1 RNA-binding mutant …