Digital Commons Network^™

Reexamination Of Vacuum-Polarization Corrections To The Self-Energy In Muonic Bound Systems, B. Ohayon, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In muonic bound systems, the dominant radiative correction is due to vacuum polarization. Yet, for the interpretation of precision experiments, self-energy effects are also important. In turn, additional vacuum-polarization loops perturb the self-energy. Here we show that combined self-energy vacuum-polarization effects can perturb the bound-state self-energy at the percent level in one-muon bound systems with nuclear charges Z=1-6. We also update previous treatments of the corrections for muonic hydrogen, muonic deuterium, and muonic helium bound systems.

Relativistic And Recoil Corrections To Vacuum Polarization In Muonic Systems: Three-Photon Exchange, Gauge Invariance, And Numerical Values, Gregory S. Adkins, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

For an accurate theoretical description of muonic bound systems, it is crucial to consistently treat relativistic and recoil corrections to vacuum polarization. The one-loop vacuum-polarization effect is by far the dominant quantum electrodynamic (QED) energy correction for bound muons, being of order α(Zα)2mr, where α is the fine-structure constant, Z is the nuclear charge number, and mr is the reduced mass. Gauge invariance of the relativistic and recoil corrections to vacuum polarization of order α(Zα)4mr is investigated with respect to nonretarded and standard, renormalized variants of Coulomb gauge. The invariance is shown after including three-photon exchange diagrams. Our derivation is …

Stability And Dynamics Of Nonlinear Excitations In A Two-Dimensional Droplet-Bearing Environment, G. Bougas, G. C. Katsimiga, P. G. Kevrekidis, S. I. Mistakidis

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We unravel stationary states in the form of dark soliton stripes, bubbles, and kinks embedded in a two-dimensional droplet-bearing setting emulated by an extended Gross-Pitaevskii approach. The existence of these configurations is corroborated through an effectively reduced potential picture demonstrating their concrete parametric regions of existence. The excitation spectra of such configurations are analyzed within the Bogoliubov-de Gennes framework exposing the destabilization of dark soliton stripes and bubbles, while confirming the stability of droplets, and importantly unveiling spectral stability of the kink against transverse excitations. Additionally, a variational approach is constructed providing access to the transverse stability analysis of the …

Separation Of Various Higher-Order Effects In The Ionization Of Helium By Proton Impact, S. Majumdar, S. Bastola, A. Hasan, R. Lomsadze, Michael Schulz

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have measured fully differential cross sections (FDCSs) for ionization of helium by 75 keV proton impact. Data were analyzed for electrons ejected into the scattering plane at projectile energy losses well below and above the matching velocity and for scattering angles ranging between 0.1 and 0.5 mrad. Earlier, we observed clear signatures of the post collision interaction (PCI) at the matching velocity; however, in the current data these signatures are completely absent at small energy losses and residues remain at large energy losses. At small energy losses the FDCSs are dominated by non-PCI higher-order effects.

A Robust Recurrent Neural Networks-Based Surrogate Model For Thermal History And Melt Pool Characteristics In Directed Energy Deposition, Sung Heng Wu, Usman Tariq, Ranjit Joy, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Asad Waqar Malik, Frank Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In directed energy deposition (DED), accurately controlling and predicting melt pool characteristics is essential for ensuring desired material qualities and geometric accuracies. This paper introduces a robust surrogate model based on recurrent neural network (RNN) architectures—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Leveraging a time series dataset from multi-physics simulations and a three-factor, three-level experimental design, the model accurately predicts melt pool peak temperatures, lengths, widths, and depths under varying conditions. RNN algorithms, particularly Bi-LSTM, demonstrate high predictive accuracy, with an R-square of 0.983 for melt pool peak temperatures. For melt pool geometry, the GRU-based …

Ground Vacuum Facility To Simulate Low Earth Orbit Plasma Environment, Emmanuel Kofi Asuako Wie-Addo, Jacob Ortega, Daoru Han

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a large vacuum facility (6-ft-diameter, 10-ft-long chamber) equipped with a magnetic filter-type low Earth orbit plasma source. A recommended operating envelope for the plasma source was established through single-point measurements by varying the discharge currents of the plasma source and the gas flow rates. A three-axis translation stage was fabricated and tested with 2D and 3D scans of the simulated plasma environment. The measured plasma density during this study was between 1:63 x 1012 − 3:1 x 1012 m−3 for the electrons and 7:54 x 1012 − 1:82 x 1013 m−3 for the ions, whereas the electron …

Pathways To Learning In Data-Based Policy Innovation Labs, Sojeong Kim, Tanya Heikkila, Adam Wellstead

Michigan Tech Publications

In recent years, policy innovation labs (PILs) have emerged to develop greater capacity for addressing pressing public policy problems and achieving policy objectives. An implicit assumption is that PILs can bring new data and evidence to support policy learning. Policy learning enables individuals, organizations, and systems to advance their capacity to achieve policy objectives and produce desirable policy outcomes. We investigate the role of policy learning in “data-based” PILs, which address the growing interest in big data and advanced technologies to address public policy issues. With a focus on applying new information and data systems technologies to assess public policy …

The Role Of The Metaverse In Transforming The Management Skill Set Of Construction Practitioners, Ali M. Saad, Islam H. El-Adaway

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated By T1 Nmr Relaxometry, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt pavements make up a majority of the essential transportation systems in the US. Asphalt mixtures age and degrade over time, reducing the pavement performance. Pavement performance critically depends on the aging of asphalt binder. The aging of asphalt binder during construction is traditionally modeled by rolling thin film oven (RTFO) testing, while aging during service life is modeled by pressure aging vessel (PAV) testing. Comparing these models to the aging of binders in actual pavements is limited because, to be used for current testing, binders must be separated from the pavement's aggregate by solvent extraction. Solvent extraction will, at …

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) Assessment Of Bio And Crude Oil-Based Rejuvenation, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt binders in pavements lose their stability through aging and eventually fail in the field. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to monitor the primary longitudinal relaxation time of asphalt samples and the ratio of material that carries this primary relaxation time has been shown to indicate the impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the aging of asphalt pavements. Longitudinal NMR relaxation was used to investigate two types of proposed asphalt rejuvenators, a bio-oil-based rejuvenator and a crude-oil-based rejuvenator. Two different binders with the performance grades (PG) 64-22 and 76-22 were considered for their interactions with the rejuvenators. After 72 h …

Asphalt-Binder Mixtures Evaluated By T1 Nmr Relaxometry, Rebecca M. Herndon, Jay Balasubramanian, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt pavements make up a majority of the essential transportation systems in the US. Asphalt mixtures age and degrade over time, reducing the pavement performance. Pavement performance critically depends on the aging of asphalt binder. the aging of asphalt binder during construction is traditionally modeled by rolling thin film oven (RTFO) testing, while aging during service life is modeled by pressure aging vessel (PAV) testing. Comparing these models to the aging of binders in actual pavements is limited because, to be used for current testing, binders must be separated from the pavement's aggregate by solvent extraction. Solvent extraction will, at …

Unity In The Church Across Traditions: How Abraham Kuyper's Ecclesiology Helps Further Contemporary Ecumenical Engagement Between Protestants And Catholics, Vincent Keane

Pro Rege

No abstract provided.

Our Need For A Quiet Place, Calvin Vander Meyden

Pro Rege

No abstract provided.

Morning Thanks - Ed Kellogg, James C. Schaap, Edward Kellogg, David Platter

Pro Rege

No abstract provided.

Stew News, Orientation Paddle 2024, University Of Dayton. Rivers Institute

Stew News: The Newsletter of the University of Dayton River Stewards

No abstract provided.

Vulnerable Consumers Left Behind In The Overdraft Fee Saga, Mary Claire Griffith-Mccrery

Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review

Attention on the arguable pervasiveness of overdraft fees has

been increasing in recent years. Overdraft programs were originally

offered to banks’ trusted, high-dollar customers on a discretionary

basis. Technology brought about debit cards and electronic payment

methods along with direct deposit and enhanced the complexity of

processing transactions. Some practices increased the likelihood of

overdrafts. For example, reordering transactions such that they post

to the account from the largest to smallest dollar amount received

distinct scrutiny—and is discouraged by regulators. Today, the majority

of overdraft fees are paid by economically disadvantaged, vulnerable

consumers; more specifically, by Black and Hispanic consumers. …

Human Rights Cities: Realizing The Right To Housing At The Municipal Scale, Estair Van Wagner, Alexandra Flynn

UBC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Efficacy Of Vedolizumab, Ustekinumab, And Golimumab In The Management Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease And The Combined Role Of Nutritional Therapy With Biologics: A Review, Shahed Kamal, Karan Varshney, Danielle Josefa F. Uayan, Fides Myles C. Caliwag

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a major health burden worldwide. There are increasing concerns surrounding the impacts of this disease due to significant rises in the prevalence rates of IBD across the world. In consideration of the complexities of managing IBD along with this marked rise in prevalence and incidence, developing new forms of treatment for this condition has become a major priority. In recent years, a potential new form of treatment for IBD has emerged in the form of biologic therapies. While there is a high level of optimism …

Investigating A Pollinator Curriculum (1-3 Grade), Divya Baranwal

Multidisciplinary Studies Research

In this unit, elementary graders will identify and explain the pollen, flowering plants, and pollination process, and labelled various parts of a flower, pollinators. They will build the model of pollinators, initial models of the reproductive parts of plants. They will explore the 3D shapes, magnifying glasses, area and volume, modelling and explain low-high fidelity prototyping, engineering design process. The unit is designed by providing an abundance of practical ways to learn the significance of the pollination process and to get to know about pollinators and pollen in a place-based environment. Here, students will engage, explore, explain, elaborate and evaluate …

Political Freedom And Economic Constraints: The Political Setting For The Problem Of Twelve, John C. Coates

The University of Chicago Business Law Review

This essay outlines foundations of the current moment facing corporations and politics, which I have characterized as a new “problem of twelve”—that is, the concentration of power in the hands of a small number of index and private equity fund sponsors.1 Through the middle of the twentieth century, public companies dominated the U.S. economy and government. They owed their dominance to having been socially legitimated coming out of the Great Depression, a legitimation built on their affirmative war efforts and on the negative constraints of securities law, progressive taxation, labor unions, and operational regulation. From 1970 on, however, they changed …

The Power To Shape The “Political”, Amanda Shanor

The University of Chicago Business Law Review

The role of corporations in American life has become the focus of intense public and scholarly debate. How do corporations influence political outcomes? What norms or laws should structure corporate political participation? And who should decide what political interventions corporations make? These are vitally important questions that bear on how to deal with the pressing challenges of social media, money in politics, polarization, autocratic threats, and the influence of consolidated capital on governmental and democratic decision-making.

Most conversations about the role of corporations in politics, however, assume a definition of “political.” This key term is commonly taken for granted or …

Kalven For Corporations: Should For-Profit Corporations Adopt Public Statement Policies?, Anthony J. Casey, Tom Ginsburg

The University of Chicago Business Law Review

In the last few years, corporations have been called upon to take public positions on myriad issues unconnected to core business concerns. Demands for public statements may arise from various stakeholders, as well as from the general public and the media. Sometimes such statements are uncontroversial, but other times, firms find themselves in a no-win position, in which both silence and voice will offend some core constituency. Crafting meaningful public-facing statements becomes a major challenge.

In this article, we ask whether these corporations should adopt some form of express upfront policy on when they will and when they will not …

How Did Corporations Get Stuck In Politics And Can They Escape?, Jill E. Fisch, Jeff Schwartz

The University of Chicago Business Law Review

Corporations have always been involved in politics, but today is different. They are taking public positions, either directly or indirectly, on contested political and social issues unrelated to their businesses. In contrast to the conventional wisdom, we argue that this practice, which we term “corporate political posturing,” is problematic. First, it is of dubious value to the corporation and its stakeholders. Corporate political posturing often backfires, it does so unpredictably and potentially catastrophically, and it is particularly susceptible to agency costs. Second, it is harmful to society. The fundamental problem is that corporations are institutionally ill-equipped to take center stage …

Corporate Participation In Social Debates, Anna Toniolo

The University of Chicago Business Law Review

Corporations are increasingly wading into social and political matters that are unrelated to their business operations. This Paper empirically investigates corporate participation in social debates through the corporate response to Dobbs, the Supreme Court’s decision overturning the constitutional right to abortion.

First, the Paper identifies and examines the public companies that reacted to the reversal of Roe v. Wade (“Reacting Companies”). Only a few corporations reacted. On the one side, they tend to be large, with sizeable workforces, concentrated in consumer-facing and tech industries, and headquartered in states with no restrictions on abortion rights. On the other side, they tend …

The Surprising Survival—So Far—Of The Corporate Contribution Ban, Richard Briffault

The University of Chicago Business Law Review

No abstract provided.

Lawbreaking As Lawmaking, Michael S. Kang

The University of Chicago Business Law Review

No abstract provided.

Nonprofit Corporations & Politics: The Entity/Coordination Tension, Lloyd Hitoshi Mayer

The University of Chicago Business Law Review

Federal tax law treats separate nonprofit corporations as distinct legal entities for almost all purposes, in common with most other areas of law. With respect to political activity, this means that one nonprofit corporation’s lobbying or election-related actions are generally not attributed to another nonprofit corporation. This is the case even if the two entities have overlapping or even identical boards of directors. It is also the case even if the two entities collaborate regarding their respective activities and share employees, facilities, outside vendors, and other resources, as long as the entities reasonably allocate the costs for those shared resources. …

Private Equity Investment In Health Care And Ineffective Antitrust Regulations, Sofia Gracias

The University of Chicago Business Law Review

The corporatization of health care in the United States has forced us to confront society’s moral expectations of the industry, which serves uniquely vulnerable consumers. Health care has become increasingly more lucrative, attracting private equity (“PE”) investment, specifically in private physicians’ practices. Physicians find PE transactions appealing because physicians have difficulty competing with large hospital systems and complying with expansive regulatory requirements. The attention given by PE to health care has raised concerns regarding the tension between the expected priorities of PE firms and health care. Additionally, the nature of PE investments through roll-ups of smaller companies has regulators worried …

Free Markets And Free Speech: Understanding The Limits Of The Noerr-Pennington Doctrine, Mitsoo K. Patel

The University of Chicago Business Law Review

Based in First Amendment principles, the Noerr-Pennington doctrine immunizes parties petitioning the government from antitrust liability, even when such petitioning may be considered anticompetitive. Within the doctrine exists a narrower “sham exception” which eliminates Noerr-Pennington antitrust immunity when petitions are merely shams meant to interfere with a competitor’s business. The Supreme Court has examined the sham exception in two cases which have produced differing standards for when and how to apply it. As a result, circuit courts have had to grapple with this uncertainty and a circuit split has developed as they have disagreed on the proper approach to applying …

Neurological Symptoms And Cause Of Death Among Young Children In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Sara Ajanovic, Zachary Madewell, Shams El Arifeen, Emily Gurley, Mohammad Zahid Hossain, Kazi Munisul Islam, Afruna Rahman, Nega Assefa, Lola Madrid, R Gunturu

Pathology, East Africa

Importance: The emergence of acute neurological symptoms in children necessitates immediate intervention. Although low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear the highest burden of neurological diseases, there is a scarcity of diagnostic and therapeutic resources. Therefore, current understanding of the etiology of neurological emergencies in LMICs relies mainly on clinical diagnoses and verbal autopsies.

Objective: To characterize the association of premortem neurological symptoms and their management with postmortem-confirmed cause of death among children aged younger than 5 years in LMICs and to identify current gaps and improve strategies to enhance child survival.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional …