Digital Commons Network^™

An Efficient Superhypersoft Framework For Evaluating Llms-Based Secure Blockchain Platforms, Mona Mohamed, Alaa Elmor, Florentin Smarandache, Ahmed A. Metwaly

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In the age of modern technology, the use of the internet has become imperative. However, this widespread access presents a double-edged sword and opens doors for hackers and scammers to exploit vulnerabilities and engage in illegal activities. Accordingly, scholars and stakeholders are attempting to solve this matter. Large Language Models (LLMs) have provided highly effective methodologies and solutions in various cybersecurity sectors. Hence, we exhibited the efficacy of LLMs in several information and communication technologies (ICT) such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, blockchain technology (BCT)…etc which are attacked and threatened. Accordingly, the objective of our study is …

The Cubic Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets Theory And Uncertainty Management In Environmental Data Analysis, A. A. Salama, Huda E. Khalid, Ahmed G. Mabrouk

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Environmental data analysis often faces uncertainties in measurements. Cubic Bipolar Neutrosophic Sets (CBN Sets) provide a powerful framework to address this challenge. This paper explores the mathematical foundations of CBN Sets and highlights their practical applications through illustrative examples. We demonstrate how CBN Sets effectively capture varying degrees of certainty, possibility, and impermanence in environmental parameters. The concept of inclusion relations facilitates comparisons and information fusion. Fundamental set operations (intersection, union, complement) are explored for manipulating and analyzing uncertain environmental data. We present the application of CBN Sets in water quality assessment, highlighting their ability to analyze parameters while accounting …

The Extended Study Of 2-Refined Neutrosophic Numbers, Yaser Ahmad Alhasan, Florentin Smarandache, Abuobida Alfahal, Raja Abdullah Abdulfatah

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Numerical roots play a crucial role in real or complex equations, as well as in various mathematical models involving differentiation, integration, and other mathematical relationships. In the realm of mathematics, there is a growing trend of utilizing new formulas that incorporate non classical numbers, such as neutrosophic and refined neutrosophic numbers. The objective of this research is to establish precise and comprehensive mathematical procedures for dealing with refined neutrosophic roots within mathematical formulas, be it equations or other mathematical constructs. This paper presents an extensive study on 2-refined neutrosophic numbers, focusing on the square root of a 2-refined neutrosophic real …

Unveiling Uncertainty: Neutrosophic Set-Based Algorithms For Robust Decision-Making, A. A. Salama, Huda E. Khalid, Ahmed G. Mabrouk

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Traditional decision-making methods often struggle with inherent uncertainty and imprecision in data. Neutrosophic set-based algorithms offer a novel approach by incorporating degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity. This paper explores the structure and implementation of these algorithms, highlighting their potential to handle real-world complexities. The application of neutrosophic sets in medical diagnosis is presented as a case study, demonstrating how the algorithm aids in evaluating probabilities for various diagnoses under uncertain conditions. The paper concludes by discussing limitations and potential applications in diverse fields.

The Principles Of (Partial Locality, Partial Indeterminacy, Partial Nonlocality) And (Multi Locality, Multi Indeterminacy, Multi Nonlocality), Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article introduces new neutrosophic principles aiming to extend and generalize the concepts of locality and nonlocality by addressing scenarios involving indeterminacy, together with partiality and multitude, in physics, mechanics, cosmology, biology, medicine, chemistry, economics, ecology, sociology. Locality refers to interactions or processes confined within a limited region of space or time. But there may be a Total (100%) Locality, or a Partial Locality (less than 100% and greater than 0%). The effects are constrained to the immediate environment. Contrariwise, NonLocality refers to interactions or connections between entities separated by space or time. The changes in one location have instantaneous …

Neutrosophic Quadruple Hv-Modules And Their Fundamental Module, Madeleine Al Tahan, Saba Al-Kaseasbeh, Bijan Davvaz

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article aims to explore the deeper connections between neutrosophy and hyperstructures. Specifically, we introduce the concept of neutrosophic quadruple Hv-modules over neutrosophic quadruple Hv rings, examine their properties, and identify their fundamental module.

Break Or Create: A Manufacturing Industry-Specific Analysis Of The Create Law's Cit Reduction On The Productivity And Investments Of The Publicly Listed Philippine Manufacturing Companies, Jose Quirino Boliver Esguerra, Julia Emmanuelle Quijano, Daniella Marie C. Susana, Christopher James Cabuay, Cesar Rufino

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Agricultural Trade Liberalization On Food Consumption Patterns In The Philippines, Ma. Rafaella T. David, Cara Isabel P. Del Rosario, Kate Alexandra R. Fabro, Rona Mae Paula H. Martin, Mitzie Irene P. Conchada, Caesar Cororaton, Ma. Ella Oplas, Marites Tiongco

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

No abstract provided.

Thai Parents’ Reasons For Sending Their Children To Premium-Fee International Schools: Strategies For Establishing International Schools, Issara Wongcharoensin

Theses and Dissertations from DePaul University

The study investigates the factors influencing Thai parents’ decisions when selecting international schools in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. It examines how parents’ preferences for educational outcomes shape their choice among UK, US, or IB programs. Key findings reveal that dissatisfaction with Thai public schools drives many families to enroll their children in international schools. These institutions are valued for their supportive community atmosphere, opportunities for foreign college placements, and superior infrastructure. Preferences for different programs reflect distinct priorities: UK programs are preferred for their extracurricular activities, punctuality, and academic reputation; US programs for their emphasis on critical thinking, multiculturalism, and …

Microplastic Extraction From Digestive Tracts Of Large Decapods, Katrina Bornt, Kathryn Linge, Jason How, Simon De Lestang, Renae Hovey, Tim J. Langlois

Fisheries Research Articles

The reliable quantification of microplastic contamination in chitinous organisms requires validated methods to remove interfering complex organic and inorganic material. This study trialled KOH, H2O2 and HNO3 digestion methods on the digestive tracts of two large decapods (Panulirus cygnus and Portunus armatus) to validate a protocol that facilitates reliable microplastic extraction. KOH digestion provided the best recovery (>95 %) of all polymers (e.g. polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride), with the lowest impact to their physical morphology and chemical spectra. While HNO3, and HNO3 + H2O2 treatments were more effective at digesting chitin, they …

Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Predicts Postoperative Delirium In Elderly: A Meta-Analysis, Siye Xie, Qi Wu

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To review current evidence on using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in predicting postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients. Methods: The literature search was performed in core databases to include all the cohort studies on the association between GNRI and risk of POD for further meta-analysis. Results: A total of 6 studies with 4242 patients underwent this meta-analysis, which showed that the risk of POD was higher in patients with moderate and high GNRI than the ones with low GNRI (odds ratio [OR]=2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.58, 2.64], p <0.001), and moderate and high GNRI significantly increased the risk of POD in patients of 60 to 75 years or above [OR=1.98, 95%CI (1.49, 2.62), p <0.001; OR=2.79, 95%CI (1.38, 5.64), p =0.004, respectively]. Conclusion: Therefore, moderate and high GNRI increased the risk of POD in elderly patients.

Electronic Device Usage Among Preschool Children And Its Association With Mental Health Status In Saudi Arabian Kindergartens, Siham O. Al-Mehmadi, Abdulrahman T. Halawani, Mrnan T. Sulaimani, Tamim O. Al-Mehmadi

Saudi Medical Journal

Abstract Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of electronic device usage and its association with mental health status among preschool children aged 3-6 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool children aged 3-6 years in kindergartens in Makkah city in 2023-2024, using an electronic questionnaire. An Arabic version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess mental health. Results: We recruited a total of 399 children. The prevalence of electronic device usage was 91.5%. The number of hours spent using electronic devices ranged from 0 to 12 hour (h)/day, with a mean of 3.1 h/day. We found …

Just Maps? Exploring The Development And Use Of Environmental Justice Mapping Tools In The United States, Claire Emrick

Master's Theses and Capstones

The disparate distribution of environmental risks and benefits is well documented in the United States. In response, interactive mapping tools that attempt to represent and address environmental justice (EJ) issues have proliferated in recent years. By synthesizing socioeconomic and environmental data into a user-friendly interface, EJ mapping tools can inform advocacy and policy decisions that benefit disadvantaged communities. Numerous studies have contributed to the development and assessment of the indices and datasets found in these mapping tools, while other articles have highlighted approaches to and lessons learned from single cases of EJ mapping tool development. However, only a few studies …

Design Of An Axial-Flow Tidal Turbine Test Bed And Initial Validation And Performance Testing With 1:5 Scale Mhkf1 Rotor, Megan Nicole Andersen

Master's Theses and Capstones

The University of New Hampshire (UNH) and XFlow Energy jointly designed and built a scale axial-flow turbine (AFT) test bed under the Atlantic Marine Energy Center (AMEC) work scope. The test bed was fabricated to fill an infrastructure gap in tidal energy testing equipment at UNH. The combination of rotor size and achievable towing speeds allowed for testing in a regime where turbine performance became independent of Reynolds number effects, while also maintaining reasonable blockage. As a result, data collected from the test bed can be used to predict the performance of full-scale tidal turbines. Results and uncertainty analysis were …

Determining Asphalt Pavement Milling Best Practices Through Enhanced Understanding Of Milling Operations, Kaleigh Miech

Master's Theses and Capstones

Milling of asphalt pavements is a commonly used technique in many cases of maintaining and rehabilitating roadways. That said, implementing these milling operations has potential to cause harm to the layers below the mill line due to it being a relatively high-stress and energy activity. In this study, the impact of milling to the pavement layer directly below the mill line was evaluated for five parameters: the pavement temperature at the time of milling, the amount of time between milling and post-mill overlay construction, the depth of milling relative to the asphalt lift interfaces, the structure of the existing pavement, …

Soil Biogeochemical Properties Remain Altered Following Cessation Of Long-Term Simulated Nitrogen Deposition In A Temperate Forest, Jennie Ellen Wuest

Master's Theses and Capstones

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems and the transformations it undergoes mediated by microbes in soil are central to N cycling. While rates of atmospheric N deposition due to anthropogenic activity increased dramatically with the industrial revolution, government regulations in the late 20th century resulted in a reversal. Rates of atmospheric N deposition remain well above pre-industrial levels, but the last two decades have seen a steady decrease in areas such as the Northeastern United States. To investigate the potential for soil recovery from long-term N addition, we measured a suite of soil biogeochemical properties in a …

Age-Induced Changes In Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Dna Synthesis, Quantity, And Quality In Genetically Unique Rats, Robert V. Musci, Jordan D. Fuqua, Frederick F. Peelor Iii, Hoang Van Michelle Nguyen, Arlan Richardson, Solbie Choi, Benjamin F. Miller, Jonathan Wanagat

Health and Human Sciences Faculty Works

Mitochondrial genomic integrity is a key element of physiological processes and health. Changes in the half-life of the mitochondrial genome are implicated in the generation and accumulation of age-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which are implicated in skeletal muscle aging and sarcopenia. There are conflicting data on the half-life of mtDNA, and there is limited information on how aging affects half-life in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle mtDNA synthesis rates would decrease with age in both female and male rats concomitant with changes in mtDNA integrity reflected in mtDNA copy number and mutation frequency. We measured mitochondrial genome …

Stacked Energyscapes: Conceptualizing Fossil Fuel And Renewable Energy Entanglements In Low-Carbon Transitions, Tyler Harlan, Jennifer Baka

Urban and Environmental Studies Faculty Works

Energy transitions are often characterized as discrete progressions away from fossil fuels to renewable energy, typically in different geographic spaces, which result in “winning” and “losing” communities. Policies have been enacted to encourage renewable energy investment in “losing” fossil fuel extractive communities. Such conceptualizations do not sufficiently consider how fossil fuel extraction and renewable energy intersect with and shape each other in these spaces. We introduce the term “stacked energyscapes” to better characterize these interactions. Rather than replacing a fossil fuel-based energy system, we argue that renewable energy is “stacked” atop it, entangling their sociotechnical “energyscapes” together in ways that …

Relativistic And Recoil Corrections To Vacuum Polarization In Muonic Systems: Three-Photon Exchange, Gauge Invariance, And Numerical Values, Gregory S. Adkins, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

For an accurate theoretical description of muonic bound systems, it is crucial to consistently treat relativistic and recoil corrections to vacuum polarization. The one-loop vacuum-polarization effect is by far the dominant quantum electrodynamic (QED) energy correction for bound muons, being of order α(Zα)2mr, where α is the fine-structure constant, Z is the nuclear charge number, and mr is the reduced mass. Gauge invariance of the relativistic and recoil corrections to vacuum polarization of order α(Zα)4mr is investigated with respect to nonretarded and standard, renormalized variants of Coulomb gauge. The invariance is shown after including three-photon exchange diagrams. Our derivation is …

Tev Analysis Of A Source-Rich Region With The Hawc Observatory: Is Hess J1809-193 A Potential Hadronic Pevatron?, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. Bernal, M. Breuhaus, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, J. Cotzomi, E. De La Fuente, D. Depaoli, N. Di Lalla, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. Duvernois, C. Espinova, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, B. Fick, N. Fraija, J. A. Garcia-Gonzalez, F. Garfias, A. Gonzalez Munoz, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez-Cadena, I. Herzog, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Huntemeyer, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, J. Lee, H. Leon Vargas, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, J. Martines-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Montes, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafa, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, M. Osorio, Y. Perez Araujo, E. G. Perez-Perez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Urena-Mena, E. Varela, Xiaojie Wang, I. J. Watson, E. Willox, S. Yun-Carcamo, H. Zhou

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

HESS J1809-193 is an unidentified TeV source, first detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) collaboration. The emission originates in a source-rich region that includes several supernova remnants (SNRs) and pulsars including SNR G11.1+0.1, SNR G11.0-0.0, and the young radio pulsar PSR J1809-1917. Originally classified as a pulsar wind nebula candidate, recent studies show the peak of the TeV region overlapping with a system of molecular clouds. This resulted in the revision of the original leptonic scenario to look for alternate hadronic scenarios. Marked as a potential PeVatron candidate, this region has been studied extensively by H.E.S.S. due to …

Performance Of The Hawc Observatory And Tev Gamma-Ray Measurements Of The Crab Nebula With Improved Extensive Air Shower Reconstruction Algorithms, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, A. Andrés, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. Bernal, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, F. Carreón, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño De León, E. De La Fuente, C. De Leon, D. Depaoli, N. Di Lalla, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. Duvernois, K. Engel, T. Ergin, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, N. Fraija, S. Fraija, J. A. Garcia-Gonzalez, F. Garfias, H. Goksu, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez-Cadena, I. Herzog, J. Hinton, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Huntemeyer, A. Iriarte, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, J. Lee, H. Leon Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, J. Martinez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Montes, E. Moreno, M. Mostafa, L. Nellen, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, M. Osorio-Archila, Y. Perez Araujo, E. G. Perez-Perez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, D. Salazar-Gallegos, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, G. Schwefer, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Urena-Mena, E. Varela, Xiaojie Wang, I. J. Watson, K. Whitaker, E. Willox, H. Wu, S. Yu, S. Yun-Carcamo, H. Zhou

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory, located on the side of the Sierra Negra volcano in Mexico, has been fully operational since 2015. The HAWC collaboration has recently significantly improved their extensive air shower reconstruction algorithms, which has notably advanced the observatory performance. The energy resolution for primary gamma rays with energies below 1 TeV was improved by including a noise-suppression algorithm. Corrections have also been made to systematic errors in direction fitting related to the detector and shower plane inclinations, O ( 0 .° 1 ) biases in highly inclined showers, and enhancements to the core reconstruction. The …

Paper-Recorded Ecg Digitization Method With Automatic Reference Voltage Selection For Telemonitoring And Diagnosis, Liang Hung Wang, Chao Xin Xie, Tao Yang, Hong Xin Tan, Ming Hui Fan, I. Chun Kuo, Zne Jung Lee, Tsung Yi Chen, Pao Cheng Huang, Shih Lun Chen, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

In electrocardiograms (ECGs), multiple forms of encryption and preservation formats create difficulties for data sharing and retrospective disease analysis. Additionally, photography and storage using mobile devices are convenient, but the images acquired contain different noise interferences. To address this problem, a suite of novel methodologies was proposed for converting paper-recorded ECGs into digital data. Firstly, this study ingeniously removed gridlines by utilizing the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) spatial properties of ECGs. Moreover, this study introduced an innovative adaptive local thresholding method with high robustness for foreground–background separation. Subsequently, an algorithm for the automatic recognition of calibration square waves was proposed …

The Returns To Education Over Time And The Effect Of Covid-19, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Angelica Rivera-Olvera

Education Reform Faculty and Graduate Students Publications

This paper examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the returns to education in the United States. Using data from the Current Population Survey 2011-2022, the analysis reveals that, after a period of decline, returns to education increased significantly because of COVID, particularly for men and those with university education. The returns to university for men increased by 1 percentage points. The results underscore the importance of continued investment in education to mitigate the adverse effects of future crises.

Individual And Cultural Differences In Compassion, Noticing Suffering, And Well-Being: Consequences Of Wanting To Avoid Feeling Negative, Birgit Koopmann-Holm, Alexandra Beccari, Monet Oosthuizen

Psychology

Although people across the globe experience suffering, some individuals find it difficult to respond to others' distress because they might not know what would be most helpful to that person in that particular situation. For instance, would a response that focuses on the silver lining or one that acknowledges the suffering of the other person be more compassionate and helpful? In this paper, we demonstrate that the construct of avoided negative affect (ANA), the degree to which people want to avoid feeling negative, can predict individual differences and explain cultural variations in several aspects of compassion. Because ANA is a …

Return To Play Time After Achilles Tendon Rupture In Professional Soccer Players, Oyinkansola Mudasiru, Amanda Killeen

School of Podiatric Medicine - Student Research

Introduction: Achilles tendon ruptures are severe injuries that drastically affect the careers of athletes. These ruptures typically occur during matches, often due to dorsiflexion of the ankle during passes or when tackling. Professional athletes tend to have surgical repair quickly with the goal of returning to their sport as fast as possible.

Objective: To present a scoping review to identify the return to play (RTP) rates following Achilles tendon rupture and whether these athletes achieve functional outcomes comparable to their pre- operative conditions.

Methods: 2 databases were queried; Google Scholar and PubMed using the search terms "Achilles tendon rupture" AND …

The Beautiful And The Bullshit: Speaker And Listener Mental Representations Influence Bullshit Receptivity, Ryan Tracy

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Bullshit is a topic that has enjoyed an explosion of attention in both cognitive and social psychological research domains. While the picture painted thus far suggests that receptivity to such statements (i.e., perceiving meaning where none exists) hinges upon an individual’s ability to engage in reflective (vs. reflexive) cognitive processing, little attention has been paid to how purveyors of bullshit influence one’s willingness to engage with the message. This is critical to explore, given the status of misinformation in today’s media climate. A critical step involved in determining characteristics of speakers that predict bullshit receptivity is to understand how people …

Atep 560.B01: Clinical Immersion In Athletic Training I, Mitchell Willert

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 2021-2025

No abstract provided.

Atep 580.50: Pharmacology In Sports Medicine, Nick Cromidas

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 2021-2025

No abstract provided.

Ahat 324.01: Assessment Of The Extremities, Melanie L. Mcgrath

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 2021-2025

No abstract provided.

Ecp 201.B01: Paramedic Fundamentals, David H. Mcevoy, Marcus O. Granger

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 2021-2025

No abstract provided.