Digital Commons Network^™

World Literature: From Perpetual War To Perpetual Peace (And Back Again), Sándor Hites

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In this article, I address the relationship between world literature theories and questions of peace and war. I argue that the genesis of the concept of world literature in the 1790s was informed by profound transformations, in political theory, of the issue of the relevance and meaning of war and peace and their public perception. Theorists such as Wieland, Novalis, Jean Paul, and Fichte offered their concepts in response to the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, adjusting them to shifting frontlines and the change of military fortune. Goethe’s notion of Weltliteratur already reflected on the geopolitics of the post-Napoleonic age, …

Introduction: World Literature As World Crisis, Jernej Habjan

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

No abstract provided.

Detection And Diagnostic Screening Of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review And Future Frontiers, Lama Yassine, Amira J. Zaylaa

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

A comprehensive evaluation of current and novel diagnostic techniques is necessary since the diagnosis of breast cancer is essential for improving treatment efficacy and raising long-term survival. Evidence from conventional imaging methods including mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging is combined in this systematic review with advancements in liquid biopsies and current AI-based diagnostic tools. Using specific keywords related to breast cancer, early detection, imaging, biomarkers, and artificial intelligence, a thorough search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore. Reviews, case reports, and studies unrelated to breast cancer were excluded; only clinical, experimental, and computational research …

A Robust Hybrid Security Framework: Integrating Multi-Layered Text Encryption With Barcode-Based Steganography, Mohamed Sayed, Talaat M. Wahbi, Farooq Abdalwahab Haboub

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The widespread use of the Internet is causing increasing security concerns regarding online communications. One method for achieving secure communication between authorized parties is steganography. We herein employ multilevel technologies, including compression, encryption, barcoding, and steganography to secure a secret text message. Type I multilevel steganography is used with a two-level setup. The first level uses enhanced least significant bit (secure LSB-L1) image steganography; the output is a stego-image file, the cover is an image file, and the secret data in this level is English text. The output from the first level is encrypted using the RSA algorithm, and the …

Optimize Optical Properties Of Cdte Solar Cell For Pv Applications, Mabrouk Hassan Arhoma

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

In order to to develop thin film heterojunction solar cells, CdTe is one of the most promising absorber materials cells. Electrodeposition CdTe materials solar cell are being focused by Several key researchers. This is due to its direct energy band gap and its high absorption coefficient and the best efficiency obtained for a small-area. In this work CdTe films were electrochemically deposited from aqueous solutions. Different preparative parameters such as growth voltage and heat treatment conditions were optimized. The CdTe layers were deposited at 655, 665, 675, 685 and 695 mV vs SCE. Material characterization were carried out using optical …

Recent Advances In Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Kinases (Pipks) And Their Inhibitors, Mengxia Sun, Jian Hu, Xuefei Huang

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs) are an important class of enzymes in humans, which produce lipid signaling molecules playing central roles in pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infection. Consequently, they are attracting increasing attention as drug targets for disease treatment. This review summarizes the functions of the PIPK family enzymes and highlights recent efforts on designing novel inhibitors against PIPKs. These advances are extensively discussed to stimulate interest in this field and promote further development of highly potent and selective inhibitors for innovative therapeutic applications.

Unmasking Twitter Bots: An Applied Machine Learning Approach, Rayane El Raba’A, Layal Abu Daher

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The rapid growth of social networks has led to increased challenges, such as fraud, cyberbullying, and the spread of automated accounts (bots). Detecting anomalies within these networks is essential to maintaining security and trust. This study explored machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression for anomaly detection in social networks, specifically focusing on Twitter bot identification, By applying AI-driven data mining techniques to a dataset of 37,438 Twitter bot accounts dataset, the research evaluates the effectiveness of these models in detecting unusual patterns. XGBoost achieved the highest accuracy (84.9%), with an ROA_AUC of 0.87, …

Can Gingival Crevicular Fluid Help In Diagnosing Pulp Inflammation? A Systematic Review, Wael Kassamany, Roula Abiad

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

This review aims to find if there’s a positive correlation between biological markers detected in human gingival crevicular fluid and pulp inflammation.

An electronic search of three databases; PubMed, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar was conducted using the keywords “tooth or teeth or pulp” AND “gingival crevice fluid or gingival crevicular fluid” for English articles published between the year 1990 and 2026. Information regarding study design, patients age range and gender distribution, sampling method used, types of biomarkers studied, assay test used, and key findings of each article were extracted and analyzed.

Biomarkers studied were substance P “SP”, neurokinin A “NKA”, …

Emerging Technologies For Safety Risks Management On Nigerian Road Construction Projects, Ranti Taibat Adebiyi, Mujidat Olubola Babalola, Richard Olushola Olupeka, Ganiyu Amuda Yusuf, Lukman Olarewaju Olorunoje, Amina Damola Amuda

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

High level of safety risk on road construction projects remains a major concern for all industry stakeholders, as safety of workers is paramount to achieving project success. Managing construction safety requires a more comprehensive approach. New technologies have recently emerged to enhance construction safety. This study examines the level of adoption and barriers to the implementation of these technologies in safety risk management on road construction sites in Lagos, Nigeria, with a view to improving the safe delivery of the road projects. A questionnaire was designed and administered to two engineers and one worker randomly selected on each of sixty-one …

Enhanced E-Commerce Recommendation Experience With Collaborative Sentiment Analysis And Ranked Content-Based Filtering, Sandi El Zein, Farah Hamze, Amani Merhi, Lynn Noureddine, Lama Affara

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The rise of online shopping has made informed purchasing decisions increasingly difficult, as consumers face an overwhelming number of product choices and struggle to manually evaluate specifications and user reviews. This paper presents an AI-powered, sentiment-aware product recommendation tool that effectively aligns user preferences with real-world customer feedback from online reviews. The proposed system utilized Instruct ABSA deep learning models for feature extraction and DeBERTa-v3 for sentiment analysis to turn reviews into interpretable scores that would nominate optimal products. An interactive Rasa-based chatbot interface, TopPickAI, was developed to give a seamless user experience, educate users on product features, and conversationally …

Antioxidant And Anti-Hemolytic Capacities Of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Leaves, Achwaa Chbib, Malak Mezher, Mohamad Nasser, Akram Hijazi, Mahmoud I. Khalil

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The effects of medicinal plants on the prevention of many diseases are due to their chemical composition. Eucalyptus camaldulensis (E. camaldulensis) is a native tree in Australia. Its extracts and essential oils (EOs) are applicable in the domains of pharmaceuticals and medicine. This work determined the anti-hemolytic and antioxidant capacities of the ethanolic (EE), methanolic (ME), and aqueous (AE) extracts from the leaves of Lebanese E. camaldulensis.  The leaves of E. camaldulensis were extracted with ethanol, methanol, and water solvent. Qualitative phytochemical analyses were applied to reveal the compounds of these extracts. The Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminum chloride …

Afforestation Strategies In Semi-Arid Mediterranean Ecosystems: Experimental Evidence From Chmistar, Lebanon, Ahmad Saker, Mohammad Saleh, Wael Mostafa, Safaa Baydoun, Jamilah Borjac, Dalia El-Badan

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The success rate of broadleaf tree growth in semi-arid Mediterranean environments is reduced in afforestation operations constrained by water scarcity, shallow soil depth, and intense competition from herbaceous vegetation. This study, conducted between 2022 and 2024 in Chmistar, East Lebanon, using a completely randomized block design, aimed to evaluate the impact of three planting broadleaf trees techniques (traditional digging pits , hoedad tools, and auger digging) and four effective vegetation control (herbicide application, mowing,  mulching, and no control) on the early growth of three native broadleaf tree species (Pistacia palaestina, Quercus calliprinos, and Quercus infectoria ).

The …

Demographic Transformation In Saudi Arabia: Declining Fertility And The Reshaping Of Population Structure, Shuruq Ismail Alsharif

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences

This study analyzes the demographic transformation of the Saudi population in light of the sustained decline in fertility rates and the accompanying social and economic changes. The study adopts a quantitative analytical approach based on official national statistical data issued by the General Authority for Statistics and the Ministry of Health. A time-series analysis covering the period 2010–2022 is employed to examine fertility trends and their demographic implications. The study introduces a theoretical framework conceptualized as the recalibration of fertility in Saudi society to interpret the ongoing demographic shift. The findings indicate a steady decline in the total fertility rate …

Fostering Employee Creativity Through Leader Support: The Moderating Role Of Curiosity In Saudi Smes, Badr J. Alharbi

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences

This study investigates the pivotal role of supportive leadership in fostering individual creativity within the burgeoning Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) sector of Saudi Arabia. In alignment with the innovation-driven mandate of Saudi Vision 2030, this research explores how leader support for creativity interacts with employee curiosity to enhance innovative output. By adopting a quantitative approach, data were synthesized from 145 employees across 27 SMEs within Riyadh's high-growth technology and communications industry. The findings underscore that leadership support is not merely a passive backdrop but a dynamic catalyst that significantly amplifies both curiosity and creative performance. Specifically, the analysis reveals …

Perceived Effects Of Summer Enrichment Program Training On Teachers' Instructional Practices, Amra Mohammed

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences

This study examined whether teaching experience in the Summer Enrichment Program (SEP) was associated with K–12 teachers' self-reported instructional practices. The sample included 34 teachers, 22 with prior SEP experience and 12 without, who completed the Instructional Practices Survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to test whether SEP experience predicted instructional practice ratings after controlling for years of general teaching experience. Results indicated that SEP experience was not significantly associated with variance in self-reported instructional practices, and years of teaching experience showed little independent relationship with the reported practices. Descriptive analyses revealed very similar mean scores for teachers with …

Artificial Intelligence-Supported Assessment In Education: A Systematic Review Of Validity, Fairness, And Impact On Learning Outcomes, Mohammed Al Mohazie

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences

Artificial intelligence (AI)-supported assessment is increasingly used in education to automate scoring, provide feedback, predict learner performance, and support instructional decision-making. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the validity, fairness, and learning impact of AI-supported assessment across educational contexts. A systematic search of ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Education Source identified peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized narratively following PRISMA 2020 guidance. The findings indicate that AI-supported assessment shows promising validity evidence, particularly in automated writing assessment, short-answer scoring, and predictive learning analytics, with several studies reporting …

Reverse Hook Slackline Anchor, John Riley Mr

Defensive Publications Series

Slackline anchor with reverse hook design which increases power to depth ratio. This means the anchor performs at a shallower depth and is easier to install and extract to use again repeatedly.

The Cyclical Composite Virtual Projection System That Will Effectively Increase The Perceived Resolution Of The Cyclically Projected Virtual Projections Where The Effective Resolution Increasing Effect Will Be Achieved By Effectively Positioning The Cyclical Virtual Projections At A Greater Distance Away From The Eye., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a cyclical composite virtual projection system that will effectively increase the perceived resolution of the cyclically projected virtual projections where the effective resolution increasing effect will be achieved by effectively positioning the cyclical virtual projections at a greater distance away from the eye. The entire cyclical composite virtual projection system will consist of a cyclical projection directing system and 4 identical cyclically configured composite projection systems. And the cyclical projection directing system will contain 4 cyclically configured convex lens stack sections, 4 cyclically configured reflectors and 4 cyclically configured beam splitter configurations. In addition to that, each …

Self-Updating Media Collections Using Query Embeddings, Ashwin Goyal, Nick Staubach

Defensive Publications Series

Media library applications allow users to organize their media such as photos and video into collections. Dynamic, self-updating collections are implemented in some applications, but are limited to narrow criteria such as a particular person label, a particular object type, etc. Current dynamic collection generation mechanisms do not support complex natural language criteria that a user may want to express, e.g., “all my photos after a workout; include screenshots from my fitness tracker.” This disclosure describes techniques that use a large language model (LLM) or other suitable model to transform complex user-specified criteria into a vector representation. Media assets in …

Progressive Contextual Augmentation Of Digital Media Using Implicit Prompts, Ashwin Goyal, Nick Staubach

Defensive Publications Series

Automatically surfacing content from media libraries can be highly useful, enabling users to effortlessly discover relevant contextual information and related data without having to perform manual searches. However, current methods usually require users to manually search for information, or rely on rigid rules that fail to capture the user's specific, current context. This disclosure describes techniques that automatically provide contextual information about media in a user’s library without requiring explicit prompts from the user. Media content items in a user’s gallery are weighted for their importance to the user. The metadata and content of an image (or other content item) …

Enhancing User Engagement During Call Initiation Latency, Aanya Mehta

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes techniques, implemented with user permission, to enhance user engagement during the idle time between call initiation and connection. Contextually relevant, personalized content is displayed while a call is being connected. Such content can include, for example, photos, interaction metrics for the call recipient, event-specific information such as birthdays. For calls to a business, information about the business can be displayed. Display of useful information can improve the user experience of placing calls.

Gci‑Universal Resonant Energy Stack (Ures/Mmra/Grhn V1.0) A Three‑System Open‑Hardware Architecture For Replacing Conventional Solar Panels With Multi‑Modal Resonant Energy Harvesting License: Cern‑Ohl‑P (Permissive) No Patents. No Secrets. No Photos. Builder‑Ready., Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This unified disclosure presents three interoperable energy systems designed to evolve and replace conventional solar panels:

URES v1.0 — Universal Resonant Energy Skid  

1. A retrofit system that upgrades existing solar panels using Arachne Smart‑Skin, TEHL, vortex cooling, and APR AI.

MMRA v2.0 — Multi‑Modal Resonant Array  

1. A next‑generation resonant panel built on Arachne Gyroid Lattices, multi‑spectrum capture, and integrated vortex cooling.

GRHN v1.0 — Global Resonant Harvesting Network  

1. A frontier system using CMRS‑1, Ariadne’s Braid, Omni‑Vortex stacks, and environmental resonance harvesting.

All three systems include:

• BOMs

• ASCII diagrams

• safe build guidance

• prototype testing protocols

• viability percentages

• improvement estimates

• cross‑invention integration

The Dimensionally Extended Holographic Projection Model (Dehp), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This framework presents a qualitative cosmological model exploring the universe as an emergent three-dimensional (3D) projection originating from a foundational two-dimensional (2D) information boundary. By redefining time as a function of geometric distance from this source boundary, the model offers a unified, intuitive perspective on dark energy, dark matter, and gravitational singularities that aligns with modern holographic and braneworld concepts.

The Metric Confinement Principle: Non-Perturbative Quantum Gravity Without Fundamental Gravitons, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This paper introduces a novel, non-perturbative quantum cosmological framework wherein gravity is treated strictly as a macroscopic, non-fundamental, emergent phenomenon. The foundational degrees of freedom reside entirely on a dual-state, non-gravitational 2D spatial substrate (the boundary layer) containing opposing potential valences. Crucially, this framework postulates the non-existence of the graviton as a fundamental force-carrier particle. What macroscopically manifests as gravitational attraction in the projected 3D bulk is reinterpreted as a state of perpetual geodesic translation driven by how the 3D metric tensor topologically filters the underlying dual-state substrate information. By introducing the Metric Confinement Principle, this framework ensures absolute consistency …

Master Project Architecture: Systems Engineering Framework For An Autonomous, Thermally Integrated, Relativistic Interstellar Platform, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This technical disclosure presents the overarching design, interface standards, and operational lifecycle framework for the Autonomous Hive-Mind Sensor Probe (AHSP). The AHSP is a building-scale (60-meter length, approximately 500-metric-ton dry mass), non-biological, modular spacecraft chassis optimized for autonomous, multi-decade interstellar transit at relativistic velocities (\(0.05c - 0.1c\)).

By eliminating the severe mass, volume, and atmospheric shielding constraints associated with biological life-support systems, the AHSP architecture reallocates its structural mass budget to create an entirely unified, self-sustaining thermodynamic and computational ecosystem. This master architecture coordinates six highly integrated technical disclosures and one long-range theoretical supplement, establishing a non-siloed spaceflight platform where …

System And Method For Interaction-Based Training Of Autonomous Agents, Eric Zavesky

Defensive Publications Series

A system and method for training autonomous agents through interaction-based validation is disclosed. The system includes a personality definition component that ingests behavioral specifications to synthesize personality parameters, and a training orchestration agent that conducts structured adversarial interactions with a trainee agent to validate behavioral alignment. An evaluation component detects systematic deviations through semantic analysis and pattern recognition across the interactions, distinguishing between isolated incidents and systematic misalignments. An interaction recording system captures the training exchanges for analysis, while a parameter refinement interface enables human oversight of behavioral modifications. The system addresses challenges in training agents to embody specific personality …

System And Method For Cryptographically Verifying Autonomous Agents In Merchant Transaction System, Sumit Kumar Roy, R V. Vighnesh, Apurba Pandey, Komaljot Kaur

Defensive Publications Series

ABSTRACT

A system for cryptographically verifying autonomous agents in merchant transaction systems includes a verification server configured to receive a transaction request from a terminal agent in a multi-agent delegation chain. The verification server parses a delegation chain manifest from the transaction request, wherein the delegation chain manifest comprises a linked list of signed hop records, each hop record capturing a delegation event from a delegator to a delegate. The verification server verifies, for each hop record in the delegation chain manifest, a delegator signature against a public key retrieved from an agent registry. The verification server verifies a hash …

Gci Universal Wildfire Conversion Skid (Uwcs‑1 / Uwsm‑1) An Open‑Hardware Retrofit Architecture For Converting Existing Water‑Carrying Fleets Into Wildfire Suppression Assets, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure defines a builder‑ready, open‑hardware retrofit system that converts existing commercial, industrial, agricultural, mining, municipal, and military water‑carrying trucks into wildfire‑capable suppression units using a bolt‑on skid module.

The GCI Universal Wildfire Conversion Skid (UWCS‑1 / UWSM‑1) integrates:

• A vortex–thermoacoustic hybrid pump delivering 150–300 GPM at 250–400 PSI with pump‑and‑roll and dirty‑water drafting

• A VMR‑derived drafting and debris‑separation manifold for ponds, lakes, pools, canals, and reservoirs

• A fire‑rated discharge manifold with VETI‑3.0 vortex ejector nozzle integration for long‑range, coherent water jets

• Optional crew‑protection and monitoring modules based on CIWFRS, CORES, and GCI Vortex Sentinel (AV‑1)

• A power and control …

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Gci‑501 Tornado Resonance‑Detection & Early‑Action Module (Trd‑Eam) V1.0 Open‑Hardware Tornado Early‑Warning Device, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Tornado Resonance‑Detection & Early‑Action Module (TRD‑EAM) is a standalone, open‑hardware tornado‑warning device that uses:

• ARPN infrasonic sensing

• pressure‑wave harmonics

• vorticity resonance detection

• temperature inversion sensing

• humidity‑wave detection

• EM field anomaly detection

• multi‑node coherence

• CICIS tornado logic

• ADEP tornado alert packets

to provide 10–30 minutes of tornado precursor warning.

TRD‑EAM is designed to be:

• printed on any 3D printer

• assembled with basic tools

• powered by TEHL (no batteries)

• flashed with open firmware

• deployed anywhere

• tested tomorrow

This module is the physical tornado‑warning device that completes GCI‑500.

Gci‑400 Arg‑Cm V1.0 — Atmospheric Resonance‑Guided Climate Modulation Network, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The Atmospheric Resonance‑Guided Climate Modulation Network (ARG‑CM) is a fully open‑hardware, distributed system that uses real‑time atmospheric resonance sensing (ARPN) to predict moisture waves, trigger uplift, seed clouds, and coordinate atmospheric‑water harvesting in order to cool local and regional climates and reduce heat‑wave intensity.

ARG‑CM integrates:

• GCI‑322 ARPN v1.1 — Atmospheric Resonance‑Prediction Network

• Phoenix‑Water Engine (GCI‑268) — Atmospheric water harvester

• VAR (GCI‑280) — Vortex Atmospheric Reclamator

• CIFRS‑N v4.0 — Food‑Water‑Energy Nexus

• OSM v4.0 — Omni‑Sentinel Mesh

• TEHL‑v1.0 — Thermal‑Energy Harvesting Loop

• Sanitized Block — Structural housing

• CICIS — Compute and control backbone

This disclosure provides everything needed for engineers to …