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Analize Exchange Rate Changes Effect On Poverty In Iraq For The Period (2004-2022), Ashraq Taleb, Azhar Hasan Hasan Ali Dec 2024

Analize Exchange Rate Changes Effect On Poverty In Iraq For The Period (2004-2022), Ashraq Taleb, Azhar Hasan Hasan Ali

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: Analysis of the Impact of Exchange Rate Changes on the Poverty Index in Iraq and a Study of the Resulting Effects for the period (2004-2022). Theoretical framework: The research studied the relationship between the change in the (EX) and its role in reducing the phenomenon of poverty in Iraq for the period (2004-2022). The exchange rate is considered one of the most important tools of monetary policy in the Iraqi economy due to its sensitivity to any change taken by the monetary authority and its direct and indirect effects on all economic variables, including its impact on the poverty …

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Measuring And Analyzing The Impact Of Some Economic Variables On Public Liquidity In Iraq For The Period (2004-2020), Qutaiba Thamer Saleh, Manahel Mustafa Abdulhameed Dec 2024

Measuring And Analyzing The Impact Of Some Economic Variables On Public Liquidity In Iraq For The Period (2004-2020), Qutaiba Thamer Saleh, Manahel Mustafa Abdulhameed

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: The research aims to diagnose the extent of the central bank's control over public liquidity by integrating the arrangement of monetary and macro indicators in the economy, with the aim of improving the management of public liquidity within the Iraqi economy. Theoretical framework: The research dealt with the study of analyzing the impact of some economic variables, such as public debt, gross domestic product, currency window, local credit, and general liquidity in Iraq, by using the linear regression model to describe the relationship between economic phenomena, specifically between the independent variables and the dependent variable. From here, the research …

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The Role Of Virtuous Leadership In Reducing Organizational Deviation: An Analytical Study Of A Sample Of Al-Rafidin In Bank Employees In Anbar, Hind Fouad Zabar, Mohsin Rashed Musaheb Dec 2024

The Role Of Virtuous Leadership In Reducing Organizational Deviation: An Analytical Study Of A Sample Of Al-Rafidin In Bank Employees In Anbar, Hind Fouad Zabar, Mohsin Rashed Musaheb

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: This research works to achieve several goals, perhaps the most prominent of which is identifying the role of virtuous leadership in reducing organizational deviation. Theoretical Framework: Based on what the researchers reported (G. Wang & Hackett, 2016), (Bashir et al., 2012) this study deals with providing practical guidance to improve the virtuous leadership process and enhance its effectiveness in reducing deviations and achieving sustainable development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study analyzed the data of Rafidain Bank employees in Anbar (2023-2024) using the virtuous leadership model and through its dimensions (courage, wisdom, justice, moderation, and humanity) in reducing organizational deviation through the …

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The Role Of Customs Taxes In The Development Of The Industrial Sector In Iraq For The Period (2004-2022), Asseel Niaz Kamel, Dawood Abdul Jabbar Ahmed Dec 2024

The Role Of Customs Taxes In The Development Of The Industrial Sector In Iraq For The Period (2004-2022), Asseel Niaz Kamel, Dawood Abdul Jabbar Ahmed

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: The impact of customs taxes in supporting and protecting the domestic product and domestic industry. Conceptual framework: The paper dealt with the study of the role of customs taxes in the development of the industrial sector in Iraq, and the conceptual and theoretical framework of the industrial sector. Design /methodology /methodology: We analyzed the role of customs taxes in the development of the industrial sector in Iraq during the period 2004 - 2022. Results: The study resulted in a set of results,  most important of which lies in that the volume of customs tax revenues is low, and that's …

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The Impact Of E-Commerce On Digital Marketing Hopes And Ambitions: A Case Study In Airline Reservation Offices In Iraq, Anas Maaroof, Abdullah Oğrak Dec 2024

The Impact Of E-Commerce On Digital Marketing Hopes And Ambitions: A Case Study In Airline Reservation Offices In Iraq, Anas Maaroof, Abdullah Oğrak

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: The current study aims to identify the impact of e-commerce with digital marketing in airline reservation offices in the Republic of Iraq. The study consists of two main variables: the independent variable that included e-commerce, which consisted of four dimensions: Business-to-Business, Consumer-to-Business, and Consumer-to. - Consumer, Business-to-Government, and the dependent variable represents digital marketing, the dimensions of which are: website design, social media marketing, search engine optimization, and email marketing. Theoretical Framework: Upon on Maaroof, A. (2021) This study highlights the importance of e-commerce and digital marketing, such as booking corners during digital transactions in airline reservation offices, as …

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The Modern Trends Of Economic Relations Between Iraq And China For The Period 2010 -2023, Salar Hamid Awakhti, Pana Foad Abdulla Ahmed Dec 2024

The Modern Trends Of Economic Relations Between Iraq And China For The Period 2010 -2023, Salar Hamid Awakhti, Pana Foad Abdulla Ahmed

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: The study aims to analyze and understand the economic relations between Iraq and China in the modern era, providing insights into their development, current status, and future prospects. It seeks to identify the key factors influencing these relations and to evaluate the impact of trade, investment, and geopolitical strategies on bilateral economic ties. Additionally, the study aims to offer a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities present in the Iraq-China economic partnership. Theoretical Framework: The study utilizes frameworks that explain bilateral economic relations, including theories on trade, investment, and geopolitical influence. It integrates insights and data from studies …

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The Role Of Authentic Leadership In Human Resources Development: An Analytical Study In Diyala State Company, Ali Radhi Abbas*, Mohammed Matook Abood Al- Mahdi Dec 2024

The Role Of Authentic Leadership In Human Resources Development: An Analytical Study In Diyala State Company, Ali Radhi Abbas*, Mohammed Matook Abood Al- Mahdi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: This research works to achieve several objectives, the most important of which is determining the type of relationship between authentic leadership and human resource development and its dimensions. Theoretical Framework: In light of what was proposed by researchers(Walumbwa et al., 2008), (Ivancevich, 2002), this study helps public organizations on the one hand and the company being studied as well as identify the level of employees' awareness of authentic leadership and The positives that leadership can contribute to developing human resources. Design/Methodology/Approach: conducted in Diyala State Company (2024) by distributing (180) valid questionnaires that were analyzed using advanced statistical methods …

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Political Instability And Its Consequences For Economic Growth In Ethiopia: A Time Series Analysis, Betselot Adisu Ayal, Esayas Bamelak Bishaw, Mulugeta Molla Aynalem, Kassa Yirga Bekalu Dec 2024

Political Instability And Its Consequences For Economic Growth In Ethiopia: A Time Series Analysis, Betselot Adisu Ayal, Esayas Bamelak Bishaw, Mulugeta Molla Aynalem, Kassa Yirga Bekalu

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Political instability in Ethiopia is highly destructive to the country's economic development and hinders progress across multiple sectors. Thus, this study investigates the impacts of political instability on economic growth in Ethiopia from 2017 to 2023. The study employs ARIMA modeling for time series analysis and OLS regression to estimate the relationship between political instability and GDP growth while considering other economic indicators such as inflation, FDI, and government expenditure. For this purpose, the necessary secondary data is collected from WB, IMF, EIA, and MoFED, covering the period from 2017 to 2023. The empirical results reveal a significant negative correlation …

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Robustness & Measurement Of Multidimensional Poverty Index In Iraq, Mustafa Ahmed Hasan, Eman Mohammed Abdullah Dec 2024

Robustness & Measurement Of Multidimensional Poverty Index In Iraq, Mustafa Ahmed Hasan, Eman Mohammed Abdullah

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: This paper aims to measure poverty in Iraq and its sub-indicators using a multidimensional methodology. It also examines the robustness and sensitivity of the estimated indicators and models the determinants of poverty through a binary logistic regression approach. Theoretical framework: Poverty is commonly measured through two primary methodologies. The first is a one-dimensional approach, which defines poverty as insufficient income to meet a specific set of needs required for a decent standard of living. The second is a multidimensional approach, which aligns with Amartya Sen's capabilities framework. Sen conceptualizes poverty as "the deprivation of basic capabilities rather than merely …

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Using P-Median To Solve Location Design Problems, Alaa Shnaishel Cheetar Dec 2024

Using P-Median To Solve Location Design Problems, Alaa Shnaishel Cheetar

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: This research mostly concentrates on guiding pupils to their secondary schools following their accomplishment in the early elementary education phase. The primary challenge is the establishment of additional schools to accommodate the significant population growth resulting from expansion in emerging areas. Theoretical framework: Scholarly literature has thoroughly examined the P-Median problem and applied it across various domains, including cluster analysis, quantitative psychology, marketing, the communications sector, sales force design, and political constituency division. Design/methodology/approach: This study aims to propose a customization form based on the P-Median issue, taking into account its properties and structure. The P-Median problem optimizes the …

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Building A Hybrid Time Series Model Using Ardl With Lstm And Gru Models, Tabarak Yahya Abd, Firas A. Mohammed Almohana Dec 2024

Building A Hybrid Time Series Model Using Ardl With Lstm And Gru Models, Tabarak Yahya Abd, Firas A. Mohammed Almohana

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: The aim of the research is to utilize a hybrid model that combines the linear model represented by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the nonlinear model represented by deep learning models, such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework integrates the linear component represented by the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the nonlinear component represented by deep learning models, namely Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) To create hybrid models. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research methodology involves the use of EVIEWS 12 for analyzing standard data and integrating the …

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Possibility Of Benefiting From The Egyptian Experience In Implementing Agricultural Policies To Enhance Food Security In Iraq For The Period (2000-2018), Duaa Ali Abdul Husssein, Sabah Nema Ali Dec 2024

Possibility Of Benefiting From The Egyptian Experience In Implementing Agricultural Policies To Enhance Food Security In Iraq For The Period (2000-2018), Duaa Ali Abdul Husssein, Sabah Nema Ali

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: The research aims to identify the challenges facing the agricultural sector in Egypt in light of the global food crisis and the role of agricultural policies in confronting them considering the available resources and the extent of benefiting from the banking experience in implementing agricultural policies to enhance food security in Iraq. Theoretical framework: The research dealt with the study of agricultural policies and their role in enhancing food security in Iraq by benefiting from the Egyptian experience. The research problem revolves around the fact that the agricultural sector in Egypt faces several challenges, including weak government support for …

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The Impact Of Strategic Entrepreneurship On Strategic Performance: An Analytical Study At Maysan Oil Company, Maytham Challoob Hashim, Slim Chaouachi, Belgacem Bchini, Hakeem Hammood Flayyih Dec 2024

The Impact Of Strategic Entrepreneurship On Strategic Performance: An Analytical Study At Maysan Oil Company, Maytham Challoob Hashim, Slim Chaouachi, Belgacem Bchini, Hakeem Hammood Flayyih

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: This research collects essential variables in the cognitive level of Strategic Management Resources (SMR) and provides a theoretical framework for Strategic Entrepreneurship (SE) and Strategic Performance (SP), which may benefit other researchers. Theoretical framework: Organizations seek an in-depth study to discover the reasons for developing SE and its impact on SP in encouraging employees to work or adapt to the new society. This study explores the impact of SE on SP at Maysan Oil Company. Methodology: The descriptive analytical method was used in this research to study and analyze phenomena due to its flexibility. Maysan Oil Company was chosen …

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The Impact Of Exchange Rate On The Gross Domestic Product (Gdp) In Iraq For The Period (2004-2022), Wijjdan Ogge Mohi, Sameer Siham Dawood Dec 2024

The Impact Of Exchange Rate On The Gross Domestic Product (Gdp) In Iraq For The Period (2004-2022), Wijjdan Ogge Mohi, Sameer Siham Dawood

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: Measuring the connection between the effect of the (EX) and GDP in Iraq. Theoretical Framework: The research addressed the impact of the exchange rate on Iraq's gross domestic product. The research problem revolves around the lack of an exchange rate policy that stimulates investment and production as a result of the economic challenges that Iraq is suffering from, especially since the exchange rate is linked to the trends of the general budget and imports, which led to the weakness of the impact of this monetary instrument on the economy. Therefore, the research raises the problem of whether the exchange …

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Analysis Of The Productivity Of Educational Expenditures And Their Impact On Human Development In Iraq, Zina Imad Abdallah, Taamem Mohammad Saloom Dec 2024

Analysis Of The Productivity Of Educational Expenditures And Their Impact On Human Development In Iraq, Zina Imad Abdallah, Taamem Mohammad Saloom

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose : Analysis of the path of public spending on the education sector with an analysis of some human development indicators and the extent to which educational spending contributes to raising the level of human development for the period (2004-2023) in Iraq. Theoretical Framework: The current research addressed the study of the relationship between government spending in the education sector and the impact of that spending on human development, and the research problem focuses on the inefficiency of educational expenditures in Iraq and their limited impact on human development. Despite significant investments, challenges such as low literacy rates and poor …

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Using A Hybrid Model (Evdhm-Arima) To Forecast The Average Wheat Yield In Iraq, Hayder Khalid Al-Sammarraie, Lamyaa Mohammed Hameed Dec 2024

Using A Hybrid Model (Evdhm-Arima) To Forecast The Average Wheat Yield In Iraq, Hayder Khalid Al-Sammarraie, Lamyaa Mohammed Hameed

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: Using an appropriate analytical method to deal with time series containing linear and nonlinear compounds and minimizing nonstationary in order to obtain good modeling and more reliable forecasts. Theoretical framework: Many methodologies have been developed in the past to perform time series forecasting, including those presented by the two scientists (Box and Jenkins) and known as (ARIMA) models (Box et al., 2015), It gives more reliable forecasts when analyzing time series for linear compounds, but they are less suitable when dealing with nonlinear compounds that characterize real-world problems. This causes an increase in forecasting error, so it has recently …

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The Role Of Strategic Information Systems In Sustainable Development: An Analytical Study In Public Universities In Baghdad, Akram Salim Al-Janabi, Alaa Abdulkraeem Al-Mado Dec 2024

The Role Of Strategic Information Systems In Sustainable Development: An Analytical Study In Public Universities In Baghdad, Akram Salim Al-Janabi, Alaa Abdulkraeem Al-Mado

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the strategic information system and its role and reflections on sustainable development by identifying the level of appreciation and interest of the researched organization in the strategic information system and its dimensions and in sustainable development and its dimensions. Theoretical framework: Recent studies reported good results in university workers and the use of management information systems to improve the requirements of sustainable development and its contexts in universities. Design/methodology/approach: The descriptive analytical approach was adopted for the study in the research community by distributing a questionnaire to a random sample of (86) researchers working …

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Knowledge Sharing And Its Impact On Organizational Performance- An Analytical Study In The Directorate Of Education, Al- Karkh First, Baghdad, Mohammed Hafedh Farhan, Mohammed Yaseen Raheem Dec 2024

Knowledge Sharing And Its Impact On Organizational Performance- An Analytical Study In The Directorate Of Education, Al- Karkh First, Baghdad, Mohammed Hafedh Farhan, Mohammed Yaseen Raheem

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: The current research aims to identify the impact of knowledge sharing on organizational performance with a sample in the Ministry of Education/ the Directorate of Education of First Karkh. Theoretical framework: Knowledge sharing is one of the key factors that contribute to improving organizational performance through exchanging of knowledge and experiences among employees. It highlights the importance of this process in developing and improving performance in a changeable environment. Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted in the Directorate of Education, First Karkh, Baghdad, with 187 legitimate questionnaires that were analyzed using  superior statistical techniques. Findings: Knowledge sharing significantly influences organizational …

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Mimicking To Dominate: Imitation Learning Strategies For Success In Multiagent Competitive Games, The Viet Bui, Tien Mai, Hong Thanh Nguyen Dec 2024

Mimicking To Dominate: Imitation Learning Strategies For Success In Multiagent Competitive Games, The Viet Bui, Tien Mai, Hong Thanh Nguyen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Training agents in multi-agent games presents significant challenges due to their intricate nature. These challenges are exacerbated by dynamics influenced not only by the environment but also by strategies of opponents. Existing methods often struggle with slow convergence and instability. To address these challenges, we harness the potential of imitation learning (IL) to comprehend and anticipate actions of the opponents, aiming to mitigate uncertainties with respect to the game dynamics. Our key contributions include: (i) a new multi-agent IL model for predicting next moves of the opponents --- our model works with hidden actions of opponents and local observations; (ii) …

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Collaboration! Towards Robust Neural Methods For Routing Problems, Jianan Zhou, Yaoxin Wu, Zhiguang Cao, Wen Song, Jie Zhang, Zhiqi Shen Dec 2024

Collaboration! Towards Robust Neural Methods For Routing Problems, Jianan Zhou, Yaoxin Wu, Zhiguang Cao, Wen Song, Jie Zhang, Zhiqi Shen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Despite enjoying desirable efficiency and reduced reliance on domain expertise, existing neural methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs) suffer from severe robustness issues – their performance significantly deteriorates on clean instances with crafted perturbations. To enhance robustness, we propose an ensemble-based Collaborative Neural Framework (CNF) w.r.t. the defense of neural VRP methods, which is crucial yet underexplored in the literature. Given a neural VRP method, we adversarially train multiple models in a collaborative manner to synergistically promote robustness against attacks, while boosting standard generalization on clean instances. A neural router is designed to adeptly distribute training instances among models, enhancing …

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The Compatibility Of The Substance Over Form Doctrine With Tax And Investment Treaties: A Case Study Of Lone Star V The Republic Of Korea, Blazej Kuzniacki Dec 2024

The Compatibility Of The Substance Over Form Doctrine With Tax And Investment Treaties: A Case Study Of Lone Star V The Republic Of Korea, Blazej Kuzniacki

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

In late August 2022, the Lone Star tribunal concluded one of the latest awards in tax-related investment treaty disputes (the tax-related claims account for almost USD 1.5 billion of the total of almost USD 4.7 billion claimed in compensation). It also is the first award in which the tribunal dealt with the application of the substance over form doctrine (SOFD) by tax authorities and courts of the host state to prevent the abuse of a double tax treaty (DTT), and the impact of the refusal to accord the claimants the benefits under the DTT via a domestic (Korean) SOFD on …

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Audit Firms' Entry Into H-Share Audit Market And Mainland Audit Pricing: Evidence From China, Rui Zhang, Gaoliang Tian, Zichen Tian, Liuchuang Li Dec 2024

Audit Firms' Entry Into H-Share Audit Market And Mainland Audit Pricing: Evidence From China, Rui Zhang, Gaoliang Tian, Zichen Tian, Liuchuang Li

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether mainland Chinese audit firms’ entry into the H-share market to provide audit services affects their mainland audit pricing. Design/methodology/approach: Using data on A-share listed companies in China from 2008 to 2018, a difference-in-differences model to test the research question is designed. Robustness tests are conducted to rule out alternative explanations and additional tests to shed light on the extent and inner workings of the main effect. Findings: The entry of mainland audit firms into the H-share audit market leads to a significant decrease in mainland audit pricing. Moreover, this main effect is (i) …

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Alternative Agrifood Systems And The Economic Sustainability Of Farmers' Cooperatives: The Chinese Experience, Zhanping Hu, Qian Forrest Zhang Dec 2024

Alternative Agrifood Systems And The Economic Sustainability Of Farmers' Cooperatives: The Chinese Experience, Zhanping Hu, Qian Forrest Zhang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Most registered farmers' cooperatives in China are de facto private enterprises; while many bring economic gains to farmers, they do not function as cooperatives. Among the small minority that started as authentic cooperatives, however, most struggled to provide economic benefits to members, unable to achieve economic sustainability. The failure of true farmers' cooperatives in China has been widely studied; the success of the few that did become economically sustainable, however, remains poorly understood. Using a sample of 70 farmers' cooperatives across the country and comparing three “extreme cases”—cooperatives that are both authentic and economically successful—with the rest, this study argues …

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The Model Of Norm-Regulated Responsibility For Proenvironmental Behavior In The Context Of Littering Prevention, Pengya Ai, Sonny Rosenthal Dec 2024

The Model Of Norm-Regulated Responsibility For Proenvironmental Behavior In The Context Of Littering Prevention, Pengya Ai, Sonny Rosenthal

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Previous research suggests that descriptive norms positively influence proenvironmental behavior, including littering prevention. However, in some behavioral contexts, a weak descriptive norm may increase individuals’ feelings of responsibility by signaling a need for action. We examined this effect in the context of litter prevention by conducting structural equation modeling of survey data from 1400 Singapore residents. The results showed that descriptive norms negatively predicted ascription of responsibility and were negatively related to littering prevention behavior via ascription of responsibility and personal norms. It also showed that strong injunctive norms can reduce the inhibitory effect of descriptive norms on ascription of …

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Using Simulations Of Future Extreme Weather Events To Escape The Resilience Trap: Experimental Evidence From Hong Kong, Terry Van Gevelt, J. Yang, K. N. Chan, L. Li, Fiona Williamson, B. G. Mcadoo, A. D. Switzer Dec 2024

Using Simulations Of Future Extreme Weather Events To Escape The Resilience Trap: Experimental Evidence From Hong Kong, Terry Van Gevelt, J. Yang, K. N. Chan, L. Li, Fiona Williamson, B. G. Mcadoo, A. D. Switzer

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Hong Kong is a hyper-dense coastal city that has long learned to live with a potentially disastrous extreme weather event: tropical cyclones. This was largely a reactionary process, with investments in soft and hard infrastructure made in the aftermath of devastating tropical cyclones. While the experiences of devastating tropical cyclones remain strong in the collective memory of the city, Hong Kong's present-day resilience has led to complacency, especially among the general public. We suggest that Hong Kong may be caught in a resilience trap, where previous success in building resilience may be hindering the city's ability to adapt to the …

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Spatial Trajectories, Theories, And Topoi In The Study Of Religion And Film, Teng-Kuan Ng Dec 2024

Spatial Trajectories, Theories, And Topoi In The Study Of Religion And Film, Teng-Kuan Ng

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This chapter explores the correlations between religion and film studies and the geographies of religion. Using perspectives from the latter to foreground overlooked aspects of the former, I argue that investigations of the religious problematic via film are productively enriched when refocused on the question: what kind of space does religious cinema constitute? Rather than offering a single answer, I highlight the various phenomenological, ritual, and ethical spaces that cinema—comprising production, text, and reception—can construct. In the first section, I briefly trace the “spatial turns” that religion and film scholarship has taken since its inception, observing the field’s evolving geographical …

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Here, There, And Elsewhere: Ethnicity, Identity, And Global Orientation At An Indian International School In Singapore, Emma Alexandra Grimley, Orlando Woods, Lily Kong Dec 2024

Here, There, And Elsewhere: Ethnicity, Identity, And Global Orientation At An Indian International School In Singapore, Emma Alexandra Grimley, Orlando Woods, Lily Kong

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

International schools are somewhat ‘place-less’ in that their denationalised educational systems and nationally diverse student bodies are typically removed from the physical context in which each school is located. However, this placeless internationalism is complicated by international schools that also affiliate themselves with a national system or enrol a significant number of students who aspire to remain in the ‘host’ country. This paper develops the example of the Global Indian International School in Singapore to illustrate how the feeling of place is impacted by its dual orientations as both ‘Global’ and ‘Indian.’ The school attempts to (re)create an Indian schooling …

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Safety Through Feedback In Constrained Rl, Shashank Reddy Chirra, Pradeep Varakantham, Praveen Paruchuri Dec 2024

Safety Through Feedback In Constrained Rl, Shashank Reddy Chirra, Pradeep Varakantham, Praveen Paruchuri

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In safety-critical RL settings, the inclusion of an additional cost function is often favoured over the arduous task of modifying the reward function to ensure the agent's safe behaviour. However, designing or evaluating such a cost function can be prohibitively expensive. For instance, in the domain of self-driving, designing a cost function that encompasses all unsafe behaviours (e.g., aggressive lane changes, risky overtakes) is inherently complex, it must also consider all the actors present in the scene making it expensive to evaluate. In such scenarios, the cost function can be learned from feedback collected offline in between training rounds. This …

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Sorry Not Sorry: Presentational Strategies And The Electoral Punishment Of Corruption, Dean C. Dulay, Seulki Lee Dec 2024

Sorry Not Sorry: Presentational Strategies And The Electoral Punishment Of Corruption, Dean C. Dulay, Seulki Lee

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

A growing literature has explored various factors that hamper the electoral punishment of corruption. Most studies have focused on how voters react to a corruption allegation, but this focus leaves out an important, common aspect of corruption allegations that voters also encounter: politicians' blame avoidance strategies. This study examines how politicians' presentational strategies in response to corruption allegations affect voter sanctioning. Employing an online survey experiment on a sample of 3531 U.S. citizens, we find that politicians' action-oriented strategies, such as denying allegations, acknowledging a problem but denying responsibility, or acknowledging a problem and taking responsibility, are more effective than …

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Computer Use Frequency And Cardiovascular Health In Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Meilan Hu, Shu Fen Diong, K. T. A. Sandeeshwara Kasturiratna, Andree Hartanto Dec 2024

Computer Use Frequency And Cardiovascular Health In Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Meilan Hu, Shu Fen Diong, K. T. A. Sandeeshwara Kasturiratna, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

With increased computer usage amongst midlife and older adults, concerns are emerging with regards to the potential adverse health effects of computer use given the sedentary habits it may encourage. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between computer use and cardiovascular risk in midlife and older adults. From the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States II: Biomarker Project (2004–2009) and the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS II), 2004–2006, we examined five cardiovascular risk biomarkers—high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein—in relation to self-reported general …

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