Digital Commons Network^™

Andrew Phang (Gen. Ed.), Pioneer, Polymath And Mentor: The Life And Legacy Of Yong Pung How, Kwan Ho Lau, Bryan Leow

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Many know the story of modern Singapore in broad outline. When the country attained independence in 1965, it was not industrialised and fishing villages still dotted the landscape. By 1990, GDP per capita had risen to around US$13,000, far exceeding its neighbours and on par with Hong Kong and New Zealand. A further three decades on, Singapore today boasts gleaming skyscrapers, well-developed infrastructure and a high degree of trust by residents and investors alike in its government.

Ai Characterisations And Their Legal Implications, Jerrold Tsin Howe Soh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This chapter examines the difficult legal characterisation problems that artificially intelligent systems raise and explores how different characterisations of artificial intelligence (AI) shape practical legal outcomes. Three reasons are offered for the legal difficulty with characterising AI. First, answers to characterisation problems are inherently subjective and perspective-driven, particularly when the subject is an intangible technological system. Second, AI technology is especially difficult to define since the field typically proceeds on inexact anthropomorphic metaphors. Third, AI characterisation problems raise difficult sub-problems, particularly in determining how autonomous an AI system is. The chapter thus argues that a range of plausible AI characterisations …

Financial Regulation, Aurelio Gurrea-Martinez, Nydia Remolina Leon

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

No abstract provided.

Equitable Obligations And Property In Choice Of Law, Tiong Min Yeo

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This chapter argues against the unitary characterisation, for choice of law purposes, of equitable principlesas they apply to claims relating to property as either property or obligation, and that they should be characterised as property or obligation in accordance with the functions of the equitable principles in each instance.

Separability Doctrine: Perspectives From China, England And The Model Law, Jia Jun Benjamin Goh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In this article, the author compares the application of the separability doctrine in the People's Republic of China, England and Wales, and select Model Law jurisdictions (including Singapore and Hong Kong). This article argues that the proper scope of the doctrine must include situations of both contractual validity and existence are in question. Additionally, the doctrine should apply in finding that the law of the arbitration agreement is different from the law of the main contract. Finally, the doctrine must also serve to protect party autonomy to shield an arbitration agreement from self defeating main agreements.

A Comparative Analysis Of Artificial Intelligence Regulation: Implications For Singapore, Cheng Kit Kit Pang

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In relation to artificial intelligence (“AI”) regulation, Singapore presently adopts a wait-and-see approach, refraining from implementing any hard regulation before 2026. This article is directed at making recommendations for Singapore’s future AI hard regulation and conducts a comparative analysis of the hard AI regulation in the EU, the People’s Republic of China (“China”) and South Korea. This article draws lessons specifically from Asian jurisdictions with similar socio-legal and commercial considerations. In particular, China and South Korea are at the forefront, actively pushing for hard regulation. Key takeaways include the potential drivers for a shift towards hard regulation, the scope and …

The Overlooked Reality Of Shareholder Activism In China: Defying Western Expectations, Chun Zhou, Wei Zhang, Dan W. Puchniak

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Despite shareholder activism being in the global spotlight, shareholder activism in China – the world’s second largest economy – remains largely a black box. Using unique hand collected data, we reveal the overlooked reality that shareholder activism in China is thriving – with 156 major shareholder activist campaigns, over two-thirds of which have occurred in the last five years. Contrary to Western conventional wisdom, we find that whether the target company is a private owned enterprise (POE) or state-owned enterprise (SOE), has no statistically significant effect on the success of activist campaigns. Private shareholders have undertaken, and in over half …

Exploring Barriers And Facilitators To Dietary Assessment And Advice In The Paediatric Population Attending Dental Clinics: A Scoping Review, Lauren Hallewell, Raul Bescos, Zoe Brookes, Robert Witton, Patricia Casas-Agustench

School of Health Professions

OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to identify barriers and facilitators, from both dental clinic staff and caregivers, to effectively providing and implementing dietary assessment and advice (for both oral and/or systemic health) in dental clinics managing paediatric patients.

METHODS: A protocol was developed a priori (Open Science Framework- https://osf.io/bp4ts.) and followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies published in English from 1990 to December 2024 in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched. Additional journal searches targeted articles on dietary assessment or advice in dental clinics treating paediatric patients (aged ≤ 18 years), exploring barriers and facilitators for caregivers and …

Which Factors Predict Outcome From Specialist Physiotherapy For Functional Motor Disorder? Prognostic Modelling Of The Physio4fmd Intervention, Glenn Nielsen, Teresa C. Lee, Louise Marston, Alan Carson, Mark J. Edwards, Laura H. Goldstein, Rachael Maree Hunter, Kate Holt, Jon Marsden, Markus Reuber, Jon Stone, Irwin Nazareth

School of Health Professions

Objectives: Physiotherapy is considered part of first line treatment for functional motor disorder (FMD) although not all patients benefit. Predictors of treatment outcome may help to inform triage decisions. We aimed to determine which baseline variables predicted treatment outcome in the pragmatic multicentre Physio4FMD randomised controlled trial of specialist physiotherapy for FMD. Methods: Participants randomised to the specialist physiotherapy arm of the trial were included in the analysis. Treatment outcome was dichotomised into improvement vs no improvement, based on two measures, Short Form 36 Physical Functioning (SF36 PF) and participant-rated Clinical Global Impression Scale of Improvement (CGI-I). Predictors of outcome …

From Attention To Action: Advancing Inclusivity In The Landscape Of Anatomy Education, Siobhan M. Moyes, Lily Evans, Katie Snow, Aiden Jayanth

Peninsula Medical School

Conversations about inclusivity in anatomy education are at a critical juncture. While the need for a more equitable discipline is widely recognised, significant challenges remain. As this project aimed to reimagine what a truly inclusive learning experience could like and how it might be best achieved, an inclusive approach to research methodology was essential to ensure robust and representative results. Due to the paucity in anatomical literature on this topic, the authors applied concepts from sociological research methodology and innovative methods of demographic data collection to their own discipline.

The study utilised questionnaires and focus groups to collect diverse data …

Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Narrative Review, Yeh-Kai Liao, Chueh-Hung Wu, Levent Özçakar

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Hemiplegic shoulder pain is a common post-stroke complication that negatively affects functional recovery. It is caused by both mechanical and neurological factors. Prevention focuses on proper positioning, patient education, and maintenance of motion. Treatment remains largely conservative; with increasing research surrounding injection therapies, including intra-articular corticosteroid injection, subacromial hyaluronic acid injection, suprascapular nerve blocks, and botulinum toxin injection, all of which have demonstrated improved pain control. Functional electrical stimulation appears to be beneficial, and adjunct therapies such as supportive devices and robotic training may further enhance conventional treatment. Herewith, evidence regarding medications and acupuncture remains limited. Emerging treatments including high-intensity …

Current Injection Treatment For Adhesive Capsulitis, A Narrative Review, Laurence Roy-Bélanger, Tian Yue Ding, Édouard Marcoux, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

This narrative review outlines the current practices related to ultrasound-guided (USG) injection treatments for adhesive capsulitis (AC), including injection sites, approaches, medications, and doses.

USG procedures are increasingly accessible for AC, offering diverse injection approaches and medication dosing. Given the methodological variations in existing studies, a summary of current practices is essential. We conducted a narrative review of recent literature retrieved from computerized databases.

Glenohumeral (GH) and coracohumeral ligament (CHL) injections may improve outcomes for AC, with some evidence suggesting potential benefits of targeting the CHL. Subacromial bursa injections alone appear to be less effective. Multi-site injection techniques show promising …

Axillary Web Syndrome Following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Review Of Current Literature, Christina Soong, Tyng-Guey Wang, Shaw-Gang Shyu

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Axillary web syndrome (AWS), a complication primarily following breast cancer surgeries involving axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), presents as painful cords extending from the axilla, impairing shoulder mobility and potentially delaying cancer treatment. This review consolidates existing knowledge on AWS, covering its clinical presentation, risk factors, pathophysiology, and management strategies. AWS typically arises within weeks post-surgery but may develop later, manifesting as fibrous cords that hinder arm movement. Diagnosis relies primarily on clinical examination, and the reported incidence varies significantly across different populations and study designs. Risk factors include ALND, younger age, low body mass index, and adjuvant therapies. The …

Multidisciplinary Approach To Managing Hypotonia And Developmental Delays Due To A Novel Gtpbp3 Mutation, Fan Mei, Ru-Lan Hsieh

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Introduction: Hypotonia in early life is often challenging to diagnose due to its diverse etiologies, with genetic disorders accounting for about one-third of cases. A precise diagnosis using a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is crucial for determining prognosis, guiding treatment, and providing genetic counseling.

Case Presentation: We report the first case in Taiwan involving compound heterozygous mutations in the GTPBP3 gene. A 13-month-old girl presented with developmental delays and hypotonia despite normal prenatal screenings and a year of rehabilitation therapy. Next-generation sequencing revealed two novel mutations: c.785A>C (p.Gln262Pro), a missense mutation in Exon 5, and c.1175_1181dup (p.Ser395GlufsTer4) …

Principles And Practices Of Selecting Screening Tools For Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Narrative Review, Yu-Hsuan Lai, Tyng-Guey Wang, Nai-Hsin Meng

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a potentially life-threatening condition, particularly affecting individuals with neurological diseases, head and neck cancers, and age-related issues. Its prevalence in the general population ranges from 2.3% to 16%, with much higher rates among patients with stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and traumatic brain injury. Dysphagia is prevalent in geriatric and long-term care settings, where over 50% of elderly residents may experience swallowing difficulties. Given its high prevalence and serious consequences, early detection through dysphagia screening in at-risk populations is essential. Since the 1990s, numerous screening tools for dysphagia have been developed, with over 160 non-instrumental tools identified in review …

Ambulation Challenges Post High-Voltage Electrical Burn Involving Three Extremities, Complicated With Osteomyelitis: A Case Report, Chiang-Hui Huang, Katie Pei-Hsuan Wu

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

High-voltage electrical burns in occupational settings can leave detrimental injuries with immediate impact and long-term sequel. Despite extensive literature on the injury mechanism, comprehensive long-term rehabilitation descriptions for such devastating cases remain scarce. This report presents a significant traumatized high-voltage electrical injury involved three out of four extremities. A late complication with extensive tibial osteomyelitis affecting two-thirds of the bone severely compromised the patient’s ambulation potential, emphasizing the importance of segmental rehabilitation with progressive tolerance in ambulatory weight-bearing. We evaluated the patient’s physical, mental, and social component using Barthel Index, Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement …

Clinical Application Of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Detethering Surgery Of A Newborn: A Case Report, Mu-Yun Lin, Hsin-Hung Chen, Tsui-Fen Yang

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Background:

Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a rare congenital condition that causes abnormal tension on the spinal cord and often requires early surgical intervention to prevent progressive neurological and orthopedic deficits. However, performing detethering surgery in neonates presents unique challenges due to their immature neural pathways, which complicate intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM).

Case Description:

We report the case of a 13-day-old neonate with TCS who underwent successful detethering surgery under advanced IONM. Double-train stimulation with a linked quadripolar montage was employed to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs), overcoming the challenge of monitoring immature corticospinal tracts. Additionally, subdural strip electrodes were used …

Late-Onset Sciatic Nerve Compression Due To Distal Femoral Osteochondroma, I-Fan Hsieh, Tian-Shin Yeh

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Osteochondroma is one of the most common benign bone tumors, typically asymptomatic, and rarely causes nerve compression. Previous case reports documented nerve compression by osteochondroma arising from the proximal fibula, pelvic bone, and spine. We report a rare case of osteochondroma at the distal femur causing sciatic nerve compression with symptom onset at 42 years old. This case highlights that osteochondroma can develop at any skeletal location, and even though these lesions typically cease to grow after skeletal maturity. Individuals with a history of osteochondroma should consider it as a differential diagnosis for new symptoms even in older age to …

Dysphagia In Becker Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report And Literature Review, Chien-Ping Chen, Hung-Jui Chuang, Yi-Chi Li, Ming-Yen Hsiao, Tyng-Guey Wang

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Dysphagia is a recognized complication in patients with muscular dystrophies, but its characteristics in Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) remain underexplored. This case report describes a man with BMD who developed dysphagia, initially presenting with mild symptoms but later experiencing aspiration pneumonia with respiratory failure. He regained safe oral intake after swallowing training. Three years later, he suffered worsening dysphagia following a severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection, ultimately losing the ability to resume oral feeding despite months of rehabilitation. Literature on swallowing disorder in BMD reported poor mastication, reduced laryngeal elevation, and increased pharyngeal residue; however, silent aspiration, as observed in …

Effectiveness Of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling In Pain Management And Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review, Po-En Chiu, Chun-Chang Wu, De-Jian Lu, Zhonghua Fu, Li-Wei Chou

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Fu’s Subcutaneous Needling (FSN) is a modern needling technique distinct from traditional acupuncture, primarily used for musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic conditions, and emerging applications in rehabilitation. FSN is also designated as a kind of dry needling focusing on deactivating myofascial trigger points. This review categorizes FSN-related studies into case reports, clinical trials, and animal studies, evaluating its therapeutic efficacy, safety, and mechanisms. Case reports suggest that FSN provides rapid pain relief and functional improvement, while clinical trials, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), support its role in reducing pain and enhancing neuromuscular function despite limitations in sample size and protocol consistency. Animal …

Immersive Computer-Assisted And Traditional Balance Training Methods On Balance Performance In Young Athletes: A Randomized Comparative Study, Hsien-I Lai, Yun-Hsin Huang, Chen-Yu Chien, Chung-Lan Kao

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Introduction: Balance is essential for athletic performance. This study compared immersive computer-assisted balance training using the Bertec Balance Advantage CDP/IVR system with traditional soft mat training in young athletes.

Methods: Twenty-two young athletes were randomly assigned to a soft mat group (n = 10) or a Bertec group (n = 12). Both groups completed four training sessions over two weeks. Balance was assessed pre- and post-training using the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), Limits of Stability (LOS) test, and Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA) test. Two-way mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc analyses were performed.

Results: Both groups improved in postural stability and …

Ultrasound-Guided Injection In Meralgia Paresthetica: A Narrative Review, Jia-Chi Ko, Tyng-Guey Wang, Shaw-Gang Shyu

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is a neuropathic pain syndrome resulting from compression or irritation of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). Traditional diagnostic approaches rely on clinical assessments and electrodiagnostic testing. Ultrasound has emerged as a non-invasive, cost-effective modality for detailed visualization of the LFCN and guiding treatment interventions.

This review explores the anatomical considerations of the LFCN, its common etiological factors, clinical presentation, current management strategies, and ultrasound-guided injection techniques. While LFCN exhibits notable anatomical variability, and it is susceptible to external compression near the inguinal ligament. Some potential causes reveal as obesity, diabetes mellitus, or surgical interventions. Patients typically …

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Needle Barbotage And Ultrasonic Tenotomy For Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinopathy, Toru Omodani

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy (RCCT) is a common source of shoulder pain caused by calcium deposits within the rotator cuff tendons. Ultrasound-guided interventions have emerged as effective, minimally invasive alternatives to surgery for symptomatic cases unresponsive to conservative treatments. This review summarizes two primary techniques: percutaneous needle barbotage and percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy. In needle barbotage, one or two needles are inserted under ultrasound guidance to inject and aspirate saline, thereby fragmenting and removing the calcific deposit. This method yields rapid pain relief and improved shoulder function, with follow-up imaging often demonstrating near-complete deposit resolution. For particularly hard or recalcitrant deposits, …

Safety In Dry Needling: The Role And Contributions Of The International Dry Needling Education & Training Advisory Group (Idnetag), W Mahmoud, J. Dommerholt

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Dry needling is an intervention that physical therapists use to address various neuromusculoskeletal pain syndromes, primarily through targeting myofascial trigger points (TrPs) in muscle tissue. This technique involves inserting thin filiform needles into specific areas to relieve pain and improve movement. Despite its therapeutic potential, concerns regarding adverse events (AEs) necessitate stringent safety protocols and guidelines. In response, the International Dry Needling Education & Training Advisory Group (IDNETAG) was established in 2023 with members from diverse professions across eight countries. IDNETAG's mission is to enhance global standards of practice, focusing on safety, education, and consistency in treatment protocols. Research indicates …

Guideline Of Pulmonary Rehabilitation In Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease, Chia-Ho Lin, Seong-Woong Kang, Ming-Lung Chuang, Pin-Kuei Fu, Chin-Ming Chen, Ko-Long Lin, Ssu-Yuan Chen, Li-Wei Chou, Kuan-Cheng Chen, Yuan-Yang Cheng

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a group of chronic respiratory disorders characterized by pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, often resulting in dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and reduced quality of life. Although pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is effective in managing these symptoms, no guideline has comprehensively summarized its principles, components, and supporting evidence in ILD. This guideline provides an evidence-based framework for designing and implementing PR tailored to ILD patients. Core recommendations include individualized exercise prescription following the FITT principle, aerobic and resistance training, breathing exercises, supplemental oxygen use, and disease-specific self-management strategies. The guideline also presents validated assessment tools to aid clinical application …

Assessing How Patients With Spinal Cord Injury Are Affected By Climate Change And Extreme Weather: A Scoping Review, Lien-Chieh Lin, Hung-Chou Chen, Tsan-Hon Liou

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Climate change and the rising frequency of extreme weather events (EWEs) pose significant challenges to vulnerable populations, particularly individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). These patients are at greater risk due to impaired thermoregulation, limited mobility, poor sensation, and dependence on caregivers or adaptive equipment, increasing their exposure to climate-related hazards and disrupting healthcare access during disasters. Although climate change impacts on the general population are well-documented, research on specific disability groups like SCI patients remains limited. This scoping review investigates how SCI patients perceive and experience health risks from climate change and EWEs, as well as factors influencing their …

A Rare Case Of Bilateral Supraspinatus Tendon Tears With Unilateral Musculotendinous Junction Involvement In An Elderly Patient, Kanyamas Poompreecha, Patsaree Pattanasuwanna, Ya-Chu Hsu

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Rotator cuff (RC) tears are a common cause of shoulder pain in the elderly, though tears at the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) are uncommonly observed. We present a rare case of bilateral supraspinatus tendon tears in a 68-year-old male, with unilateral involvement of the MTJ. Symptoms developed three months after resuming resistance training following left acromioclavicular dislocation surgery. Ultrasound revealed a full-thickness insertional tear on the left and a partial MTJ tear on the right. Conservative treatment led to symptom resolution without surgery. This case highlights the diagnostic value of dynamic ultrasound for subtle rotator cuff and MTJ lesions in elderly …

The Effects Of 10-Ml Versus 40-Ml Capsular Dilatation Under Ultrasound Guidance In Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Kollatee Buranarach, Rawipa Khunnarong, Chanasak Hathaiareerug

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Background: Adhesive capsulitis causes pain and limited mobility. Hydrodilatation is an effective, minimally invasive treatment, but the optimal volume is unclear. This study compares the pain and function improvement from large-volume (40 mL) versus small-volume (10 mL) ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

Methods: This study was conducted at Phramongkutklao Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, with Thai adults aged 20 and older who had adhesive capsulitis. Participants had a pain score of 4 or higher on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and limited movement in at least two directions. They were divided into two groups. One group received ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation …

Bridging Clinical Capacity And Real-World Performance: Upper And Lower Limb Accelerometry In Pediatric Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation, Youngsub Hwang, Jeong-Yi Kwon

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

The rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) has progressively evolved from therapist-centered, impairment-focused models to child- and family-centered approaches that emphasize real-world participation. This narrative review summarizes conceptual and practical shifts in CP rehabilitation, highlighting the distinction between motor capacity and real-world performance. Accelerometry is a critical objective tool for assessing lower and upper limb physical activity. Devices such as StepWatch and ActiGraph provide ecologically valid data on lower limb activity levels, step counts, and energy expenditure. Studies have shown reduced physical activity in children with CP compared to their typically developing peers, with variations in age and GMFCS …

Inactivity In Ambulatory Hemodialysis Patients: A Multidimensional Health Assessment, Guan-Yi Huang, Ji-Tseng Fang, Ching-Chung Hsiao, Shu-Chun Huang

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Background: Sedentary lifestyles and poor fitness are prevalent among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). However, no study has comprehensively evaluated multiple dimensions of physical fitness using gold-standard methods in ambulatory chronic HD patients, who represent approximately 60% of the HD population. In this study, a multidimensional health assessment -including standardized evaluations of fitness—was conducted to examine its association with physical activity levels.

Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis at dialysis centers within a tertiary medical center and a regional hospital, using a comprehensive battery of evaluations. These included cardiopulmonary exercise testing, isokinetic dynamometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry …