Digital Commons Network^™

Bone Mineral Density In Childhood Cancer Survivors During And After Oncological Treatment: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Anna Maria Markarian, Dennis R. Taaffe, Francesco Bettariga, Hao Luo, Daniel A. Galvão, Jodie Cochrane Wilkie, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcintyre, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Osteoporosis poses a significant concern for childhood cancer survivors (CCS). While recommendations for surveillance and management of bone mineral density (BMD) exist, no systematic review and meta-analysis has been undertaken to quantify BMD Z-scores in childhood cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment and survivors who have completed treatments. Accordingly, we conducted a systematic review with a 3-level mixed-effects meta-analysis to examine the course of BMD Z-scores in childhood cancer patients and survivors and identified possible moderators using meta-regression models. A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases from inception to November 2023. We included …

Child And Family Centred Care: A Three-Phased Principle-Based Concept Analysis, Maggie Zgambo, Julie Blamires, Mandie Foster, Mohammad Al-Motlaq, Therese A. O'Sullivan, Davina Houghton, Evalotte Mörelius

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Despite a growing multidisciplinary interest in the Child and Family Centred Care approach, its meaning remains unclear in extant literature. It is, therefore, crucial to explore, analyse, describe, and clarify the concept of the Child and Family Centred Care approach and its associated terms. Method: A three-phased principle-based concept analysis approach was used to analyse the concept of Child and Family Centred Care. A systematic search of literature was completed using the CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Peer-reviewed articles on Child and Family Centred Care, published from inception to 2023 were included if they were …

Associations Between Flavonoid-Rich Food And Flavonoid Intakes And Incident Unhealthy Aging Outcomes In Older United States Males And Females, Nicola P. Bondonno, Yan Lydia Liu, Francine Grodstein, Eric B. Rimm, Aedín Cassidy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Our knowledge of the importance of flavonoid-rich foods in preventing unhealthy aging across its different domains is limited. Objectives: This study aimed to examine prospective associations between flavonoid-rich food and flavonoid intakes and indicators of unhealthy aging, namely frailty, impaired physical function, and poor mental health. Methods: We followed up 62,743 females and 23,687 males, all aged ≥60 y, from the Nurses’ Health Study (1990–2014) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (2006–2018), respectively. Both time-updated and change in intakes of a flavodiet score (an aggregate of intakes of major flavonoid-rich foods and beverages) and individual flavonoid-rich foods and beverages and …

Co-Designing A Children's Transition Charter For The Transition To School: Opening Participatory Spaces To Hear Children's Voices, Lennie Barblett, Leanne Lavina, Fiona Boylan, Amelia Ruscoe

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This project sought to gather the voices of young children to investigate whether a co-development process could be used to develop a transition to school charter with children and their teachers. Children's experiences of the transition to school can have far-reaching effects on their continuing educational journey. Seven teachers from the early years of school and 52 children (3–5 years) participated in the project over a school year. Participatory action research framed the study, which utilised child-centred methods for children to describe their dreams, hopes and aspirations of what school would be like and how their transition could be improved. …

Co-Opted Directors And Corporate Climate Risk Disclosure, Rashid Zaman, Ummara Fatima, Muhammad Bilal Farooq, Soheil Kazemian

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: This study aims to examine whether and how the presence of co-opted directors (directors appointed after the incumbent CEO) influences corporate climate risk disclosure. Design/methodology/approach: This study comprehensively analyses 2,975 firm-year observations of US-listed companies, using ordinary least squares with industry and year-fixed effects. To confirm the reliability of the study results, the authors used several techniques, including propensity score matching, to address potential issues with functional form misspecification, analysed a subset of companies where co-option persisted over two consecutive years to mitigate concerns regarding reverse causality and difference-in-differences estimation, using the cheif executive officer’s (CEO’s) sudden death as …

Cultural Values And Practices In Alcohol And Other Drug Use Among Immigrant Youth: A Systematic Review, Abraham Kenin, Justine Dandy, Prince Atorkey, Sonam Pelden, Kwadwo Adusei-Asante, Byron L. Zamboanga

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

We systematically reviewed the literature to examine the cultural values and practices that can increase risk for or protect against Alcohol and Other Drugs (AOD) use among immigrant youth, and the variation of these risk and protective factors across socio-demographic contexts. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic review (PRISMA) guidelines. We included quantitative studies that were conducted with immigrant youth between 12 and 35 years and measured cultural values as independent variables and AOD use as dependent variables. All studies were identified via PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. We used a two-step screening process for all …

Does Capital Structure Mediate The Relationship Between Corporate Governance Compliance And Firm Performance? Empirical Evidence From Pakistan, Irfan Haider Shakri, Jaime Yong, Erwei Xiang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how capital structure mediates the effects of corporate governance (CG) compliance on firm performance (FP) in the context of a developing market experiencing significant reforms to its governance landscape. Design/methodology/approach: An index was built to measure firm-level compliance with Pakistan’s code of CG. Several robustness checks were performed, including alternate proxies of dependent and independent variables, using additional control variables and considering the Global Financial Crisis period. To address dynamic effects and endogeneity, several identification strategies were used: a leading dependent variable, fixed effects model, generalised method of moments model and …

Design Of An Improved Robust Fractional-Order Pid Controller For Buck–Boost Converter Using Snake Optimization Algorithm, Seyyed Morteza Ghamari, Hasan Molaee, Mehrdad Ghahramani, Daryoush Habibi, Asma Aziz

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

With the increasing complexity of modern power systems, effective control of DC–DC converters has become crucial to ensure stability and efficiency. This paper focuses on optimizing the parameters of a known fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID) controller for the control of a DC–DC buck–boost converter. The control of a DC–DC buck–boost converter is achieved using aFOPID approach. The gains of this technique have been enhanced utilizing the snake optimization (SO) algorithm. This converter exhibits unfavourable behaviour due to its non-minimum structure, necessitating a well-regulated controller to guarantee stability. The fractional concept is suggested here to enhance the dynamics of the classical PID …

Determinants Of Social Loneliness And Negative Coping Styles Of The Socially Lonely, Mark A. Facey, Craig P. Speelman

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Almost everyone is affected by loneliness at some stage in their lives, and the long-term effects are dire, leading to depression, addiction, and suicide. To date, interventions have focused on external treatments with limited success. In this study, it is argued that underlying antecedents of social loneliness maintain negative behaviour, whereby it becomes chronic and problematic. Four intrinsic antecedents of social loneliness are examined (Secure and Insecure Attachment, Emotional Regulation Problems – Expressive Suppression, Unclear Self-Concept, and Neuroticism) along with negative (Ignoring and Withdrawing) behavioural coping styles. Ninety-six, mainly female (78%), psychology undergraduates were administered a battery of six questionnaires. …

Psychological Implications Of Preterm Birth, Livio Provenzi, Minesh Khashu, Mia Mclean, Evalotte Morelius

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

No abstract provided.

Effects Of A Daily, Home-Based, 5-Minute Eccentric Exercise Program On Physical Fitness, Body Composition, And Health In Sedentary Individuals, Benjamin J.C. Kirk, Georgios Mavropalias, Anthony J. Blazevich, Jodie L. Cochrane-Wilkie, Aus Molan, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a 4-week home-based bodyweight eccentric exercise program, requiring just 5 min daily, on physical fitness, body composition, and both physical and mental health in sedentary individuals.

Methods: Twenty-two sedentary but healthy individuals (4 men, 18 women; 32–69 years) completed a two-week control period followed by a 4-week intervention. The intervention involved daily exercises consisting of 10 repetitions each of chair squats, chair reclines, wall push-ups, and heel drops, including progressions if necessary. Assessments included isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), handgrip (HG) strength, push-up and sit-up endurance, sit-and-reach (S&R) flexibility, 3-min step test (3ST), squat …

Exploring The Barriers To Mental Health Help-Seeking Among African Migrants In Australia: A Qualitative Study, Nnaemeka Meribe, Obed Adonteng-Kissi, Kathomi Gatwiri, Lillian Mwanri, Frank Darkwa Baffour, Agness Tembo, Edith N. Botchway-Commey, David Chisanga, Ahmed A. Moustafa, Kerrie E. Doyle, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The health of African migrants in Australia is a largely under-researched topic despite the steadily increasing size of the population and its uniqueness. In particular, few studies have explored the mental health of African migrants in Australia or their utilization of mental health services.

Aims: This study explored the barriers to mental health help-seeking among first-generation African migrants in Australia.

Methods: In this qualitative study conducted using the hermeneutical phenomenological research approach, the purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants. In-depth interviews with participants were undertaken online via Zoom, Teams, and WhatsApp calls. Interviews were recorded and transcribed …

Efficacy Of A School-Based Mental Health Intervention Among Zambian Youth: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial, Sherinah Saasa, Kaitlin P. Ward, Cleopas G. Sambo, Paula Barrett, Cheuk Yan Lau

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

While many children in Africa face notable psychological problems, the majority do not receive needed mental health services. The My FRIENDS Youth Program, a universal cognitivebehavioral intervention for anxiety prevention and resilience enhancement, has demonstrated effectiveness across cultures in children and adolescents. This study explores whether the program's effectiveness extends to Zambian children. Participants were 75 children and adolescents (53% female, ages 10-15) attending low-income schools in Zambia. Four schools were randomly assigned to an intervention (n=44) or waitlist control (n=31). The intervention consisted of 10 weekly sessions plus two booster sessions administered in group format. Assessments were conducted at …

Finding Their Place: How Teachers Can Become Part Of Their Rural Communities, Mary-Anne Macdonald, Sarah Booth, Kirsten Lambert, Christina Gray, Terry Ngarritjan Kessaris, Takeia Beard

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The tyranny of distance is often perceived as the greatest challenge for teacher retention in rural and remote schools in Australia. Perhaps more accurately, it is the tyranny of placelessness. In this paper, we explore the role of place-connectedness and racial literacy in shaping the interactions of 21 primary and secondary teachers with the social space and place of one Western Australian remote town. Data were collected through interviews and focus groups and analysed with an emergent approach. We propose three levels of place-consciousness to describe the depth of awareness, skill and integration with which a teacher might connect to …

Fatigue Properties Of 3d-Printed Polymeric Metamaterials: A Review, Ani Daniel, Hamed Bakhtiari, Alireza Nouri, Barun K. Das, Muhammad Aamir, Majid Tolouei-Rad

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The present article provides an in-depth review of the fatigue properties of polymeric metamaterials, with particular emphasis on those manufactured using 3D printing techniques. Despite the significant potential of 3D-printed metamaterial polymers in the biomedical field, there has been limited studies dedicated to their fatigue behaviour. The article highlights the significance of fatigue behaviour in determining the reliability and longevity of polymeric materials under cyclic loading, which is crucial for biomedical applications. The effects of different 3D printing parameters, metamaterial designs, and polymer properties on fatigue life are explored. The fatigue response of metamaterials depends on material properties, geometric factors, …

Fostering A Resilient Healthcare System: Supportive Practice Environment Initiatives To Support Nurse And Midwives A Scoping Review, Gemma Doleman, Dianne Bloxsome, Rong Wang, Lisa Whitehead

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: This scoping review aimed to explore supportive practice environment initiatives that support novice and expert nurses and midwives. Design: Scoping review. Methods: Studies were identified through the electronic databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Grey literature was searched using GreyNet, National Grey Literature Collection, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, and Google Scholar. Results: Thirty-one papers met the criteria for inclusion and data extraction. The key concepts identified were the need for adequate staffing and resources, clear and regular communication, managerial presence and engagement in committees and relationship building, celebration …

Gestational Age–Specific Prevalence Of Preeclampsia Among Pregnant Women In Ghana: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Observational Study, Wina Ivy Ofori Boadu, Enoch Odame Anto, Akua Benewaah Asamoah, Ezekiel Ansah, Godfred Yawson Scott, Emmanuel Ekow Korsah, Joseph Frimpong, Valentine Christian Kodzo Tsatsu Tamakloe, Michael Nyantakyi, Agartha Odame Anto, Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh, Kwame Ofori Boadu, Richard Vikpebah Duneeh, Frederick Ayensu, Christian Obirikorang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Preeclampsia is responsible for a significant rate of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gestational age as a risk factor has a significant impact on fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia. However, to our knowledge, no study has identified the gestational age–specific prevalence of preeclampsia in Ghana. Thus, this study ascertained the gestational age–specific prevalence of preeclampsia as well as its associated factors. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective observational study was conducted by reviewing data collected from the maternal birth register on 619 pregnant women who delivered at the facility from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Results: Out …

Health Professional Perceptions Of Delivering Hospital Falls Prevention Education—A Qualitative Study, Anne Marie Hill, Cheng Yen Loo, Steffanie Coulter, Carol Watson, Sharmila Vaz, Meg E. Morris, Leon Flicker, Tammy Weselman

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Providing patient falls prevention education can help reduce falls in hospitals, yet research exploring staff perceptions about providing falls education in hospitals is limited. Objective: We sought to determine enablers and barriers to implementing a hospital falls prevention education program (the Safe Recovery Program) from the clinical staff perspective. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit health professionals (N = 40) from 12 acute medical and surgical wards at a 450-bed hospital in Perth, Western Australia. Participants were given the option to take part in a focus group or semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed via directed content analysis. Results: …

From Fabrication To Function: Mechanical Insights Into Gelma Microneedle Arrays, Moloud Amini Baghbadorani, Masoumeh Zargar, Asghar Eskandarinia, Majid Tolouei-Rad

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has emerged as a highly suitable material for microneedle (MN) fabrication, offering exceptional biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness. Despite significant advances introduced by GelMA hydrogels, research on GelMA MNs dates back to 2019, yet no review has specifically focused on the manufacturing techniques and mechanical properties of GelMA MNs. For the first time, this review aims to examine the manufacturing methods and mechanical characteristics of GelMA microneedles across various medical applications. Additionally, it discusses different approaches to mechanical characterization and identifies gaps in current manufacturing technologies. The review also explores the potential implications of GelMA MNs in drug delivery …

Split Nationality Households: A Strategic Response To Optimise The Citizenship Constellations Of Transnational Families, Catriona Stevens

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper explores the citizenship choices of Chinese migrants in Australia who must evaluate the relative benefits of Australian versus Chinese legal citizenship. Given the insecurities inherent in non-citizen status in either country, many families decide some members will take Australian citizenship while others retain Chinese citizenship in combination with Australian permanent residency. Forming these split nationality households aims to optimise the benefits and limit risk across all jurisdictions, attempting to exert control over personal circumstances and manage feelings of fear and anxiety in the face of unpredictable national policies and broader geopolitical instability. The paper extends Bauböck's concept of …

Social Relational Notions Of Successful Aging: Contesting Dominant Individualized Conceptions Of Successful Aging By Examining Migrant Intergenerational Lived Experiences, Hien Thi Nguyen, Loretta Baldassar, Raelene Wilding, Bronte Jones

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and Objectives: Critiques of the concept of successful aging (SA) include attention to its foundation on an individualized western medical approach that emphasizes personal choice, agency, and lifestyle. This paper aims to examine how individual notions of SA can be linked to, and co-constituted by, relational and intergenerational notions of personhood within the broader socioeconomic, familial, and cultural contexts of migration. Research Design and Methods: Qualitative research was conducted in Australia (2020–2021) with 42 Vietnamese migrants using ethnographic interviews and participant observation. Data analysis applied inductive reasoning and intersectional analysis to investigate the notion of SA from the perspectives …

Sub-Bituminous Coal As A Peculiar Adsorbent For Dye Removal From Wastewater, Z. H. Rada, H. R. Abid, M. B. Ahmed, M. Zargar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Coal, an abundant and cost-effective adsorbent, is explored for its potential in environmentally friendly greenhouse gas storage. Herein, the adsorption of anionic (methyl orange) and cationic (methylene blue) dyes on sub-bituminous coal was intensively studied. This study is the first application of sub-bituminous coal to examine the removal of different concentrations of dyes from water. The properties of the coal were studied using advanced analytical techniques. The initial dye concentration, solution pH, and adsorbent-adsorbate contact time were investigated for their influence on the adsorption efficiency of the dyes. Adsorption kinetics were then studied by applying common kinetic models and the …

The Changes In Health-Related Quality Of Life After Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Systematic Review Of The Perspective Of Patients Living With Heart Disease, Amineh Rashidi, Lisa Whitehead, Helena Halton, Lisa Munro, Ian Jones, Lisa Newson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background Although the benefits of engaging in cardiac rehabilitation are well established, patient perceptions of the changes in their health-related quality of life are poorly documented. This systematic review synthesized qualitative studies on patients’ perspectives of change in their health-related quality of life after attending cardiac rehabilitation. Objective To identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the perspective of patients living with heart disease about the changes in their health-related quality of life after attending cardiac rehabilitation. Methods Eight databases were used to identify relevant papers published in English and peer-reviewed, and no date restrictions were considered for the …

Survival Mode: Navigating The First Five Years Of Teaching Performing Arts In Neoliberal Education Assemblages, Kirsten Lambert, Christina Gray

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper shares data from a longitudinal study into secondary performing arts teachers’ perceptions of their first five years of teaching. Utilising Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of rhizomatic becomings and Braidotti’s posthuman knowing subject, our research explores the embodied, relational, and fluid identities of early career teachers. This is important when exploring nascent teacher becomings because it takes into consideration the configuration of bodies and hyper-performative expectations in neoliberal educational assemblages. Our longitudinal qualitative research in Western Australia revealed that early career teachers (ECTs) experienced concerning levels of mental ill-health in response to insecure employment, high stress, long hours, performative …

The Impact Of A Planned Change To Nurse Staffing Levels In Emergency Departments: A Pre-Test, Post-Test Design, Vera J.C. Mc Carthy, Noeleen Brady, Ashling Murphy, Aileen Murphy, Jane Ball, Robert Crouch, Christine Duffield, Peter Griffiths, Anne Scott, Jonathan Drennan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: To examine burnout levels, nurse perceptions of the work environment, job satisfaction, intention to stay and quality of care for nurses working in emergency departments before and following a planned change to nurse staffing levels. Design: A pre-post observational design. Methods: A systematic approach (Nursing Hours per Patient Presentation) was introduced to determine nurse staffing levels based on patient presentations resulting in adjustments to nurse staffing. Data on burnout, the work environment, intention to stay, job satisfaction and quality of care were collected from three emergency departments prior to and following the adjustments to nurse staffing. Results: An adjustment …

The Physiological Consequences Of And Recovery Following The Australian Special Forces Selection Course, Angela C. Uphill, Kristina L. Kendall, Bradley A. Baker, Stuart N. Guppy, Hannah M. Brown, Michael Vacher, Bradley C. Nindl, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study aimed to determine the energy requirements, physiological consequences, and recovery rate from the Australian Special Forces Selection Course. Ninety-three male soldiers (mean ± SD, 28.1 ± 3.6 years, 1.81 ± 0.1 m, 85.1 ± 8.1 kg) vol-unteered for this study. Body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, hormones and resting metabolic rate were assessed before, immediately after, and at 1, 3, 5, and 8 weeks post-course. Energy expenditure, assessed via doubly-labelled water during the first 10 days of the course significantly exceeded energy intake (expenditure: 7680 ± 1095 kcal. day–1, in-take: 3859 ± 704 kcal. day– 1). Body mass …

Twelve Tips To Afford Students Agency In Programmatic Assessment, Janica Jamieson, Dario Torre

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Programmatic assessment is gaining traction in health professions education, emphasizing continuous, integrated appraisal to support holistic student development. Despite its adoption, effectively affording student agency within programmatic assessment remains challenging due to longstanding educational practices, entrenched power dynamics and cultural norms favoring educator and institutional control. This article aims to provide strategies to promote student agency in programmatic assessments, essential for modernizing educational practices and preparing self-regulated, lifelong learners. The tips include establishing student–educator partnerships, making power dynamics transparent, designing purposeful and inclusive assessments, and normalizing bidirectional feedback conversations. The strategies emphasize the importance of a growth mindset, effective communication, …

Undergraduates’ Lifestyle And Suboptimal Health Status (Shs): A Cross-Sectional Study In The Ha’Il Region Of Saudi Arabia, Bandar Alsaif, Collins Otieno Asweto, Sehar Un Nisa Hassan, Mohamed Ali Alzain, Mohammed Elshiekh Saeed, Ahmed Kassar, Kamal Elbssir Mohammed Ali, Mouna Ghorbel, Rafat Zrieq, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background University students in Saudi Arabia are embracing some of the negative traits of the fast-paced modern lifestyle, typified by unhealthy eating, low physical activity, and poor sleep habits that may increase their risk for poor health. Health and holistic well-being at the population level are among the priorities of the 2030 vision of a vibrant society in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The current study thus aims at determining the prevalence and predictive factors of Suboptimal Health Status (SHS) among university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 9,026 undergraduate students between 31st May and 15th June 2023. …

Web-Based Application For Reducing Methamphetamine Use Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People: Randomized Waitlist Controlled Trial, Rachel Reilly, Rebecca Mcketin, Federica Barzi, Tayla Degan, Nadine Ezard, Katherine Conigrave, Julia Butt, Yvette Roe, Handan Wand, Brendan Quinn, Wade Longbottom, Carla Treloar, Adrian Dunlop, James Ward

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Digital interventions can help to overcome barriers to care, including stigma, geographical distance, and a lack of culturally appropriate treatment options. “We Can Do This” is a web-based app that was designed with input from cultural advisors and end users to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people seeking to stop or reduce their use of methamphetamine and increase psychosocial well-being.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the “We Can Do This” web-based app as a psychosocial treatment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who use methamphetamine.

Methods: The web app was evaluated using a …

Willingness To Pay For Blue-Green Space And Koala Habitat Protection Following A Covid-19 Versus Bushfire Experimental Prime, Zoe Leviston, Rubijayne Cohen, Stephanie Gorman, Zoe Becvarik, Aparna Lal

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Community-supported investment in blue-green space and fauna habitat protection is important, yet the drivers of willingness to pay (WTP) are poorly understood. Moreover, research on WTP for environmental services rarely considers the role of context in determining which services donors prefer. We address these gaps with a novel experimental approach (N = 360), randomly assigning participants to a condition priming either Covid19, the Australian 2019-2020 bushfires, or to one of two control conditions. We measured subsequent WTP for blue-green space and koala habitat, finding mostly non-significant effects for experimental condition on WTP, preparedness to donate, or the importance placed on …