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Pieces Of The Pathway: A Qualitative Exploration Of Social Support For Individuals Navigating Houselessness, Desiree' Jane Duboise Jun 2026

Pieces Of The Pathway: A Qualitative Exploration Of Social Support For Individuals Navigating Houselessness, Desiree' Jane Duboise

Dissertations and Theses

Houselessness has long been an issue of pressing concern in the United States; and in Multnomah County, Oregon, approximately 10,526 people are experiencing houselessness. Social support has been identified as a critical factor in helping people navigate houselessness and will be explored in the current study. Specifically, the current study examines social support among populations with lived experience of houselessness as they navigate pathways through houselessness. The current study is situated within a broader study examining journeys through houselessness called the Pathways study, and it utilizes a subsample of individuals involved in the Pathways study. The Pathways study and the …


Emotion-Focused Teaching And Preschool Children's Social, Emotional, And Self-Regulatory Development, Brielle Emily Petit Jun 2026

Emotion-Focused Teaching And Preschool Children's Social, Emotional, And Self-Regulatory Development, Brielle Emily Petit

Dissertations and Theses

Contributing to the literature on supportive mechanisms for children's development of social, emotional, and self-regulatory competencies, the current study examines the contributions of emotion-focused teaching in preschool classrooms. Emotion-focused teaching is a framework used within preschool classrooms that encompasses three domains of teaching that support children's development of emotion skills—how teachers display their own emotions or emotion-related behaviors and actions (modeling), the ways they respond to children's emotional expressions (responding), and how instruction is used to inform children about emotions and related processes (instructing). More frequent emotion-focused teaching has been shown to be a …


Cesarean Births Among Non-Us Born Hispanic Women: A Qualitative Study, Linda Presson, Christopher Arzadon, Cecilia Bustamante-Pixa, Wally Mijangos, Trisha Saul Jun 2026

Cesarean Births Among Non-Us Born Hispanic Women: A Qualitative Study, Linda Presson, Christopher Arzadon, Cecilia Bustamante-Pixa, Wally Mijangos, Trisha Saul

Publications 2026-present

No abstract provided.


Limitations And Alternative Applications Of Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Esters As Food Antimicrobials: A Review, Valeria Rodríguez Monge, Namhyeon Park Jun 2026

Limitations And Alternative Applications Of Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Esters As Food Antimicrobials: A Review, Valeria Rodríguez Monge, Namhyeon Park

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science Student Research

Carbohydrate fatty acid esters (CFAs) are nontoxic food additives with reported antimicrobial activity and growing interest as a potential safer alternative to conventional preservatives. However, their translation into real food systems remains limited. This review examined the main factors that restrict the antimicrobial performance of CFAs in foods and evaluated emerging alternative applications, particularly edible coatings, antibiofilm strategies, and synergistic combinations with other cleaning agents or processing techniques. Overall, the available evidence indicates that the antimicrobial efficacy of CFAs is often reduced in real food matrices compared with in vitro conditions. This loss of activity has been mainly associated with …


Gc–Ms And Tlc Evaluation Of Solvent Stability In Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Analysis, Catherine M. Lorisme Jun 2026

Gc–Ms And Tlc Evaluation Of Solvent Stability In Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Analysis, Catherine M. Lorisme

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

No abstract provided.


Hypertension And Pneumonia: A Retrospective Analysis On The Length Of Stay, Cassandra Blau, Diana Hamdan, Peter Reisdorf, Brandon Shin, Jack T. Adcock, Nova Beyersdorfer, Kerry Johnson, John Paulson Jun 2026

Hypertension And Pneumonia: A Retrospective Analysis On The Length Of Stay, Cassandra Blau, Diana Hamdan, Peter Reisdorf, Brandon Shin, Jack T. Adcock, Nova Beyersdorfer, Kerry Johnson, John Paulson

Student Publications

Background: Pneumonia is a serious respiratory infection that affects patients across all age groups. While it typically responds to treatment, patients with pre-existing comorbidities are at increased risk of poor outcomes. Hypertension (HTN) is a common condition that may coexist in patients with pneumonia. Although pneumonia and HTN have been studied separately, there is limited evidence regarding their combined effect on clinical outcomes, including hospital length of stay (LOS), treatment duration, and recovery trajectory.

Objectives: Identifying factors that influence the length of hospital stay in patients with pneumonia is essential for addressing the burden of hospitalization on both patients and …


Granite Staters See Artificial Intelligence As Negative For U.S. But Ai Use At Home & Work Increases 6/4/2026, Unh Survey Center Jun 2026

Granite Staters See Artificial Intelligence As Negative For U.S. But Ai Use At Home & Work Increases 6/4/2026, Unh Survey Center

All UNH Survey Center Polls

Nearly two-thirds of New Hampshire residents believe artificial intelligence will have a negative effect on the country over the next ten years, particularly young people. New Hampshire residents are very pessimistic about the effect of AI on jobs, elections, the cost of utilities, personal relationships, the environment, and the news. Working Granite Staters increasingly report using AI at work, but a majority say it has not affected their work productivity and one in five think it is likely that they will lose their job due to AI within the next ten years. Two-thirds of state residents report using AI in …


Bernice V. Rivers Jun 2026

Bernice V. Rivers

African American Funeral Programs

No abstract provided.


New American Women (Immigrants And Refugees) In Utah, Robyn C. Blackburn, Vanessa Tuttle, Yvette Young, Susan R. Madsen Jun 2026

New American Women (Immigrants And Refugees) In Utah, Robyn C. Blackburn, Vanessa Tuttle, Yvette Young, Susan R. Madsen

Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications

Year after year, the topic of immigration features centrally in US public policy discussions and debates. This focus is not surprising, given that the US is home to more immigrants than any other country in the world. While policy discussions often focus on immigrants who lack legal authorization to be in the US, most immigrants are legal residents (77.0%).1 An immigrant is any person who lives in a country that is not their country of usual residence or nationality.2 The US immigrant population includes naturalized citizens (i.e., those who entered the US legally and became citizens), lawful permanent …


Regimes Of Pain: Violence, Silence, And The Reproduction Of Power In Indonesia, Andi Achdian, Erna Ermawati Chotim Jun 2026

Regimes Of Pain: Violence, Silence, And The Reproduction Of Power In Indonesia, Andi Achdian, Erna Ermawati Chotim

Jurnal Politik

This article examines political violence in Indonesia as a continuing mode of governance that extends beyond periods of open repression. Focusing on three historical episodes—the mass violence of 1965–1966, militarised rule in Aceh during the Military Operations Zone, and the racialised violence of May 1998—it argues that violence does not disappear after formal repression ends, but is reorganised within everyday life through bodily injury, social silence, fear, and learned endurance. To explain this process, the article develops the concept of regimes of pain, defined as forms of power that produce and normalise bodily suffering in order to sustain political order. …


Growing Pains: The Loss Of Plasticity To Extreme Anoxia In Developing Embryos Of Austrofundulus Limnaeus, Patrick Ryan Clouser Jun 2026

Growing Pains: The Loss Of Plasticity To Extreme Anoxia In Developing Embryos Of Austrofundulus Limnaeus, Patrick Ryan Clouser

Dissertations and Theses

Oxygen plays a pivotal role for most animal life on Earth, so much so that even short exposures to no oxygen, anoxia, can have severe effects on the animal's wellbeing. Conversely, aerobic recovery after anoxic insult can be just as detrimental. Some animals are the exception to this rule and demonstrate survival through anoxia and recovery. There has been a great deal of research around anoxia tolerant animals, but what remains unclear are the genetic underpinnings that determine the anoxia tolerant phenotype. RNA sequencing allows for the quantification of RNA transcripts within a sample, which can indicate if a gene …


Ischaemic Conditioning To Improve Patient And Organ Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation, Robert Stabler, Helen Mckenna, Madelaine Gimzewska, Dan Harvey, Muhammad A Khurram, Kieran Mccafferty, Kristin Veighey, Jeremy Fabes Jun 2026

Ischaemic Conditioning To Improve Patient And Organ Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation, Robert Stabler, Helen Mckenna, Madelaine Gimzewska, Dan Harvey, Muhammad A Khurram, Kieran Mccafferty, Kristin Veighey, Jeremy Fabes

Peninsula Medical School

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of ischaemic conditioning on patient and organ outcomes in kidney transplantation.


Employment Opportunities As Halal Entrepreneur For Halal Science Graduates: Unissa As Model, Nurdeng Deuraseh, Siti Nora’Aini Pg Sufredin Jun 2026

Employment Opportunities As Halal Entrepreneur For Halal Science Graduates: Unissa As Model, Nurdeng Deuraseh, Siti Nora’Aini Pg Sufredin

Nusantara Halal Journal

The high unemployment rate among graduates is not a new issue. This issue is of concern in many countries including Brunei Darussalam. Brunei’s Government could not accommodate all the unemployed graduates with governmental job, therefore, as a brilliant and creative graduates, they need to be independent and creative to create job opportunities. So, one of the measures to reduce this problem is by the introduction of Entrepreneurship. The concept of entrepreneurship is not something new in Islam as it can be observed from the history as a noble profession practiced by the Prophet Muhammad and His companions. However, in recent …


Fake: The Rise Of Food Fraud In The Halal Supply Chain, Adam Voak Jun 2026

Fake: The Rise Of Food Fraud In The Halal Supply Chain, Adam Voak

Nusantara Halal Journal

We live in increasingly challenging economic times, and the concomitant uncertainty associated with this state within the food industry has led to an emergence of unscrupulous suppliers and supply chain actors committing Halal food fraud. As Halal food supply chains become increasingly complex and global and as the sector continues to develop and grow, more significant opportunities arise for unprincipled practice. Further, catering to rising consumption and the resultant increased demand for Halal products and services means consumers in Halal supply chains are particularly vulnerable to fraud, adulteration and unwitting contamination as global demand outstrips supply. Certification and its associated …


Development Of Gelatin From Halal And Alternative Sources: A Review, Farhani Ahmad, Musfirah Azmi, Nurhamieza Md Huzir, Norhidayu Muhamad Zain Jun 2026

Development Of Gelatin From Halal And Alternative Sources: A Review, Farhani Ahmad, Musfirah Azmi, Nurhamieza Md Huzir, Norhidayu Muhamad Zain

Nusantara Halal Journal

Gelatin is a common ingredient used in various industrial sectors including food and beverage, cosmetic, pharmaceutical as well as biomedical. Due to inexpensive processing cost and shorter processing time, porcine becomes the main source of gelatin. Thus, the application of this ingredient creates several problems especially issues related to its halal status among Muslim community. The present study aims at reviewing the development of gelatin from halal sources and their potential as alternatives to substitute the sources of non-halal gelatins. The applications of gelatin in food industry and the current issues on halal gelatin have been discussed in detail. The …


Halal Education: Curriculum Management Based On Halal Entrepreneurship At Nahdlatul Ulama University Of Sidoarjo, Fatkul Anam, Nurul Istiq’Faroh Jun 2026

Halal Education: Curriculum Management Based On Halal Entrepreneurship At Nahdlatul Ulama University Of Sidoarjo, Fatkul Anam, Nurul Istiq’Faroh

Nusantara Halal Journal

Indonesia is well-known for having the world's largest Muslim population. As a result, Indonesia has significant halal market potential. After forming the Institute for the Study of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics in the Indonesian Ulema Council, halal products became more widely known (LPPOMMUI). Since then, public awareness and demand for Halal products have risen significantly, making Indonesia a lucrative market for halal businesses. In response to the rapid rise of the halal industry, a new curriculum has emerged in education to meet the difficulties of today's industrial world. Halal entrepreneurship is a newly designed university program. This study was implemented …


Can Technology Augment Order Writing Capacity At Regulators?, Natasha Aggarwal, Amrutha Desikan, Bhavin Patel, Satyavrat Bondre, Dipyaman Sanyal Jun 2026

Can Technology Augment Order Writing Capacity At Regulators?, Natasha Aggarwal, Amrutha Desikan, Bhavin Patel, Satyavrat Bondre, Dipyaman Sanyal

Indian Journal of Law and Technology

This article critically examines the opportunities and challenges of using technology, in particular Large Language Models (‘LLMs’), to assist regulatory order writing in quasi-judicial settings in India. It proposes augmenting rather than replacing human decision-makers, aiming to improve regulatory order writing practice through responsible use of LLMs. This article identifies the core principles of administrative law that must be upheld in these settings and analyses how inherent limitations of LLMs may undermine these principles. The article reviews international frameworks and case studies from various jurisdictions, highlighting common design principles. It proposes a comprehensive Problem-Solution-Evaluation ('PSE') framework for responsibly integrating LLMs …


A Visual-Cultural Study Of The Paisley Motif And Its Application In Contemporary Scarf Design, Reham A. Sanad Jun 2026

A Visual-Cultural Study Of The Paisley Motif And Its Application In Contemporary Scarf Design, Reham A. Sanad

Journal of Art, Design and Music

This study aimed to explore a significant source of inspiration in textile and fashion design, originating as an Indo-Persian design motif and becoming widespread through mass production in Europe, namely “Paisley”.  The paisley motif, in the shape of a teardrop, originating in Persia and popularised in 19th-century Scotland, represents life and eternity, showcasing a rich cultural legacy. This concept is investigated visually in the current study by examining its potential to sustain in the field of fashion and textiles. Historically, scarves symbolised status in ancient Egypt and were used in religious contexts in Eastern cultures, proving unique and deep roles …


The Communicative Impact Of Political Dress Culture On Contemporary Fashion Styles In Nigerian, Afeez Babatunde Siyanbola, Akinmoye Oluwambe, Adebayo Abiodun Adeloye, Evelyn Omotunde Adepeko, Festus O. Uzzi Jun 2026

The Communicative Impact Of Political Dress Culture On Contemporary Fashion Styles In Nigerian, Afeez Babatunde Siyanbola, Akinmoye Oluwambe, Adebayo Abiodun Adeloye, Evelyn Omotunde Adepeko, Festus O. Uzzi

Journal of Art, Design and Music

This study examines the communicative impact of political dress culture on contemporary fashion style in Nigeria. Nigerian society places importance on what one wears, how one dresses and when one wears a particular garment, which is often an expression of social affiliation and other influences. The power of dress is evident in the political perception of uniformity in the appearance of a particular group of people. This study highlights the richness and originality of Nigerian socio-cultural heritage and its influence on contemporary fashion style. The study highlights the influence of different cultures, ethnicity and religious affiliation on Nigerian political dress …


Sustainable Synthesis Of Low-Fire Metallic Luster Glazes From Local Qena Clays Without Reduction Firing, Rasha Fawzy Ahmed Abd-Elrahim, Ebrahim Dosouky Abd-Elmawgoud Soliman Jun 2026

Sustainable Synthesis Of Low-Fire Metallic Luster Glazes From Local Qena Clays Without Reduction Firing, Rasha Fawzy Ahmed Abd-Elrahim, Ebrahim Dosouky Abd-Elmawgoud Soliman

Journal of Art, Design and Music

This study explores the development of a low-fire metallic luster glaze without employing traditional reduction firing techniques, utilizing locally sourced clays from Qena, Egypt. The research aimed to formulate an environmentally friendly and cost-effective glaze by harnessing the natural chemical composition of agricultural, marl, and Nile clays. Through three structured experimental phases, various combinations of fluxing agents (lead oxide and borax), metal oxides (MnO2, CuO, Cr2O3, AgNO3, CuCO3, Bi2O3), solvents (water- and oil-based), and glaze modifiers (potassium feldspar and wood ash) were systematically tested. The results revealed that manganese oxide, especially in combination with lead oxide, consistently produced a glassy …


The Technical Capabilities Of Traditional Methods And 3d Modeling In Ceramic Mold Manufacturing: An Experimental Comparative Study, Ebrahim Dosouky Abd-Elmawgoud Soliman, Rasha Fawzy Ahmed Abd-Elrahim Jun 2026

The Technical Capabilities Of Traditional Methods And 3d Modeling In Ceramic Mold Manufacturing: An Experimental Comparative Study, Ebrahim Dosouky Abd-Elmawgoud Soliman, Rasha Fawzy Ahmed Abd-Elrahim

Journal of Art, Design and Music

Ceramic mold-making stands at the intersection of artistic heritage and technological innovation, prompting the present study to investigate the technical capabilities of traditional methods versus modern three-dimensional (3D) modeling in ceramic mold manufacturing. The research addresses the core problem of evaluating how each approach meets the demands of contemporary ceramic production in terms of precision, efficiency, cost, and design complexity. Aimed at Comparative The Technical Capabilities of Traditional Methods and 3D modeling in ceramic mold manufacturing. The significance of this work lies in its dual contribution: theoretically enriching the field of ceramic art through a systematic comparative analysis, and practically …


The Effectiveness Of Workplace Experience Learning In Hnd Fashion Design (Tvet) Programmes: Insights From Host Organizations In Ghana, Phyllis Mensah, Harry Barton Essel, Benjamine Tawiah, Akosua Tachie-Menson, Abena Okyerewa Siaw Jun 2026

The Effectiveness Of Workplace Experience Learning In Hnd Fashion Design (Tvet) Programmes: Insights From Host Organizations In Ghana, Phyllis Mensah, Harry Barton Essel, Benjamine Tawiah, Akosua Tachie-Menson, Abena Okyerewa Siaw

Journal of Art, Design and Music

Workplace Experience Learning (WEL) has emerged as a vital component of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Ghana, particularly within programmes such as the Higher National Diploma (HND) in Fashion Design. This study examines the effectiveness of WEL from the perspective of host organizations, recognizing their pivotal role in shaping student outcomes. Anchored in Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory, the research employed a mixed-method approach, gathering both quantitative and qualitative data from 120 host organizations across the Greater Accra, Ashanti, and Western Regions. Findings indicate that although most students demonstrate basic skills in garment design and construction, many struggle …


Processing Freehand Interior Architecture Sketches Using Ai Applications, Khaled M. Zaki Hawas Jun 2026

Processing Freehand Interior Architecture Sketches Using Ai Applications, Khaled M. Zaki Hawas

Journal of Art, Design and Music

The intersection of interior architecture design and artificial intelligence is revolutionizing how designers perceive, inhale, and implement their ideas. One of the most exciting developments in this field is the use of artificial intelligence to process interior architecture design drawings. Handmade sketches have always been an essential tool for designers, allowing them to visualize ideas and spaces and transfer concepts. However, the transition from drawing to final design can be time-consuming and challenging. AI applications are now intervening to streamline this process, providing designers with powerful tools to boost creativity, improve accuracy, and speed up workflows. With the advent of …


The Role Of Robot Aesthetics In User Acceptance: Examining Anthropomorphism, Color, And Form In Smart Home Environments, Aya M. Abd-El Gawad Mahmoud Gouda, Salwa A. El Garib, Hany M. El-Said Jun 2026

The Role Of Robot Aesthetics In User Acceptance: Examining Anthropomorphism, Color, And Form In Smart Home Environments, Aya M. Abd-El Gawad Mahmoud Gouda, Salwa A. El Garib, Hany M. El-Said

Journal of Art, Design and Music

This study examines how the aesthetic features of domestic robots—such as shape, color, proportions, and materials—impact user acceptance in smart home environments. A quantitative survey with 80 participants of varying ages and genders assessed emotional responses including comfort, trust, and connection with different robot designs. Results showed that robots with moderately human-like and friendly appearances generated more positive emotional reactions, suggesting a balance between aesthetics and functionality is essential. Key design elements enhancing attractiveness and usability were identified, offering practical guidelines for robot design. This research contributes to Human-Robot Interaction by integrating emotional, functional, and aesthetic factors, emphasizing the unique …


Utilizing Deep Learning To Generate Biomorphic Furniture Design: A Generative Approach, Asmaa Medhat Abd El Aziz Mostafa, Doaa Abdelrahman Mohamed Goda, Dalia Mohamed Ezzat Jun 2026

Utilizing Deep Learning To Generate Biomorphic Furniture Design: A Generative Approach, Asmaa Medhat Abd El Aziz Mostafa, Doaa Abdelrahman Mohamed Goda, Dalia Mohamed Ezzat

Journal of Art, Design and Music

This research paper highlights the relatively unexplored potential of deep learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, to radically transform design in general, and specifically in the field of furniture design, by creating new design concepts inspired by living organisms such as marine biology. The main objective of this research is to explore the role of deep learning and artificial intelligence as tools for generating innovative and novel furniture designs inspired by marine organisms (marine biology). The research followed experimental methodology through a prompt engineering-based protocol, using ChatGPT-4 to produce an optimized prompt to be subsequently used on the (Prome AI) …


Innovative Designs For One-Piece Clothing Inspired By The Textures And Color Of Textile Structures, Macramé And Carpet Stitches, Fatma M. Ahmed, Maysa M. Reda, Heba A. Abd El-Aziz, Ahmed G. Hassabo, Hanan A. Othman Jun 2026

Innovative Designs For One-Piece Clothing Inspired By The Textures And Color Of Textile Structures, Macramé And Carpet Stitches, Fatma M. Ahmed, Maysa M. Reda, Heba A. Abd El-Aziz, Ahmed G. Hassabo, Hanan A. Othman

Journal of Art, Design and Music

Social ideals and youth curiosity shape fashion. Technology aids product design, balancing form and function. New designs in kids' garments are important for fashion. Computers can swiftly alter images and designs, switch between apps, and have a broad vision, making them ideal for developing one-piece textile prints. They help designers connect one-piece textile printing to production engineering standards with simple accuracy and visibility. Polyester was tested for textile printing. Transfer printing sublimated and thermofixed the ink from paper to polyester fiber. Design research examined how wool and cotton threads affect non-woven fabric structures (macrame). The design experiment examined the interdependence …


Tel Shor: Jewelry, Dress And Cosmetic Articles From Three Persian Burials, Amir Golani, Eli Yannai Jun 2026

Tel Shor: Jewelry, Dress And Cosmetic Articles From Three Persian Burials, Amir Golani, Eli Yannai

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

The excavation northwest of Tel Shor exposed the partial remains of a Persian-period cemetery. Within the burial site were three intact tombs, two belonging to adult females and one to a child of undetermined sex. The burial goods include a rich corpus of jewelry, comprising earrings and finger rings, pendants, beads for necklaces and a few dress and cosmetic articles. The good state of preservation of the tombs allowed the funerary items to be studied in their archaeological context. Two of the tombs were exceptionally rich in finds, indicating the high social status of the deceased.


Tel Shor: The Glass Vessels, Tamar Winter Jun 2026

Tel Shor: The Glass Vessels, Tamar Winter

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

Among the glass vessels from Tel Shor is a cast bowl adorned with beaded decoration, dated to the late Hellenistic period, which contributes to the currently meager data on the distribution of this quite rare type. A third-century CE bottle, unearthed alongside a Roman-period clay bottle, supports the attribution of the tomb in which they were found to the Roman period.


Tel Shor: Stamped Amphora Handles, Donald T. Ariel, Tania Panagou Jun 2026

Tel Shor: Stamped Amphora Handles, Donald T. Ariel, Tania Panagou

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

The excavation at Tel Shor yielded three closely dated stamped amphora handles: two Rhodian, dating to 158–137 BCE, and one Knidian, dating to the third quarter of the second century BCE.


Tel Shor: A Cemetery From The Persian Period And Finds From The Late Chalcolithic–Roman And Ottoman Periods In The Western Jezreel Valley / תל שור: בית קברות מהתקופה הפרסית וממצאים מהתקופות הכלקוליתית המאוחרת–הרומית והעות׳מאנית במערב עמק יזרעאל, Eli Yannai Jun 2026

Tel Shor: A Cemetery From The Persian Period And Finds From The Late Chalcolithic–Roman And Ottoman Periods In The Western Jezreel Valley / תל שור: בית קברות מהתקופה הפרסית וממצאים מהתקופות הכלקוליתית המאוחרת–הרומית והעות׳מאנית במערב עמק יזרעאל, Eli Yannai

Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel

A salvage excavation c. 50 m northwest of Tel Shor uncovered a cemetery dating to the Persian period, as well as two Iron Age graves and one Roman-period grave that overlies a Persian-period cist grave. Pottery sherds dating from the late Chalcolithic period, the Early, Intermediate and Middle Bronze Ages and the Iron Age were also found, indicating settlement at the site from the fourth millennium BCE through the Persian period. Above the Persian-period cemetery stratum were a settlement surface and refuse heaps dating from the Hellenistic period. The Roman-period grave may indicate that the area continued to serve as …