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Evaluation Of Forages Ensiled In Concrete Stave And Oxygen-Limiting Silos, J O'Leary, R W. Hemken, L S. Bull

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study evaluated corn silages stored in concrete stave and oxygen-limiting silos during 1978-1980. Factors considered in­cluded the effect of environmental conditions in each silo on silage stability and feeding value. Milk production was evaluated using Holstein cows, intake studies used Holstein heifers or steers. Weekly measurements of intake, milk production, silage temperature, pH, and yeast and mold content were made for each silage. Aerobic stability was determined monthly. Silo type had no effect on intake or milk production. Silage temperatures from the oxygen-limiting silo were higher, and the silage was less stable than that from concrete stave silos. No …

Round Baling From Field Practices Through Storage And Feeding, W L. Kjelgaard, P M. Anderson, L D. Hoffman, L L. Wilson, H W. Harpster

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A model analysis compared labor and fuel requirements for round and rectangular bale systems. Round baling reduced harvesting, transport, and handling labor by one-half but increased fuel use by a factor of 1.6. When data from field studies of all dry matter (DM) losses were included, round baling required 80 % as much labor and 200 % as much fuel as did rectangular bal­ing. Baling losses for round balers and stackers averaged 10 % compared with 3 % for rectangular balers. ·Dry-matter losses from mowing through feeding of field-cured round bales, including 6 months of outdoor storage, totaled 41 % …

Harvesting And Processing Effects On Alfalfa Protein Utilization By Ruminants, R Britton, D Rock, T Klopfenstein, J Ward, J Merrill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an efficient and important means of producing supplemental protein for ruminants. This research was undertaken to characterize the value of alfalfa protein for ruminants and to show how the protein is affected by different harvesting or processing regimens. The effects of maturity (prebloom, one-tenth, one half, and full bloom) and processing method (freeze dried [FD], sun cured [SC], and oven heated [HJ), on percentage of nitrogen (N), acid detergent insoluble N (ADIN), in-vitro rumen ammonia release (NH3), and in-situ rumen protein degradation, using dacron bags (BAG), were studied on irrigated alfalfa harvested over 2 years. …

Comparison Of Conservation Methods Under Controlled Practical Conditions, H Honig, K Rohr, E Zimmer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The most common forage conservation methods (direct-cut and low-moisture silage, barn,dried hay, and dehydration) have been compared under practical, but strictly controlled, conditions to determine their relative value for meeting the increasing demands of high-yielding ruminants. A grass mixture was used as forage, at different stages of maturity in different ex­periments. Parameters determined were changes of nutrient content; losses of DM and net energy; and, in three experiments, forage intake by dairy cows. From the results of the experiments, the following conclusions could be drawn: (1) roughage quality is influenced more by cuttng time than by preservation methods; (2) low-moisture …

Wet Fractionation Of Alfalfa: A Direct Forage-Harvesting System, M Collins, R G. Koegel, N A. Jorgensen, H W. Ream

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In this syst􀀇m, termed wet fractionation, fresh forage is macerated and pressed to remove approximately 50 % of the moisture. The result is a forage product containing 32 %-38 % dry matter (DM) that can be ensiled directly. In addition, the protein con­tained in the plant juice can be coagulated and removed. The remaining deproteinized juice contains large quantities of mineral nutrients that can be returned to the soil. This process has several potential advantages: (1) less weather-dependent harvesting, which minimizes harvest losses; (2) reduced harvesting time; (3) reduced fertilizer requirements; and (4) ability to harvest protein from land unsuited …

Hastening Hay Drying, J W. Thomas, T R. Johnson, M A. Wieghart, C M. Hansen, M B. Tesar, Z Helsel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of these studies were to increase the drying rate of cut alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by treating with chemical solu­tions and to examine factors that influence drying. Time to dry and drying rate of cut alfalfa were studied under laboratory and field conditions. Treatment consisted of spraying the cut alfalfa with methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids, an emulsifier alone, or a combination of an emulsifier and a potassium carbonate solution. Alfalfa sprayed with solutions of each chemical under specified conditions increased drying rate and decreased drying time to 60% or 75 % dry matter (DM) or …

Alternative Treatment Systems To Increase The Drying Rates Of Green Forage Crops, W E. Klinner, O D. Hale

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forms of conditioning treatment are being developed that aim to minimize the barrier effect of the crop cuticle without sacrificing too much of the structural strength of the herbage. Effective surface abrasion and favorable windrow structure can be achieved with steel-spoked rotors, which are now beginning to be offered commercially. More recently, plastic brushes have been developed because the higher population density and yielding ability of the crop-engaging elements, plus the absence of metal components, appeared to offer additional advantages. Four different brush conditioner systems have been evaluated in the laboratory and in replicated field experiments. Tufted brushes using trilobar …

Effects Of Microwave Treatment On Drying And Respiration In Cut Alfalfa, S A. Seif, D A. Holt, V L. Lechtenberg, R J. Vetter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

After forage crops are cut mechanically, they usually undergo some degree of natural drying before being stored or further processed. During early stages of drying, plant respiration continues. Treatments or management practices that hasten drying and reduce postharvest respiration are desirable, because they minimize quantity and quality losses. Our objective was to determine the effects of brief microwave treatment on subsequent natural drying rate and respiration of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ). Duplicate samples of field grown Apollo alfalfa were subjected to focused microwave energy (2,450 MHz) generated at 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0 kilowatt of power for 3, 6, …

Effect Of Formic Acid- Formaldehyde Treatments On The Nitrogenous Constituents In Annual Ryegrass Silage, M L. Fishman, F Mchan, D Burdick

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Prevention of proteolysis during ensiling is important in preserving the nutritive value of silage. Hence, the mechanism by which silage protein is protected against degradation was studied in wilted annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorium Lam.) silage pretreated with formic acid, formaldehyde, and a formic acid-formaldehyde mixture. Raw-wilted ryegrass, control ryegrass silage, and treated ryegrass silage were extracted and fractionated under conditions previously found to maximize yield of nitrogenous constituents and minimize proteolysis during the extraction of fresh grass. Extractions were by boric acid-borate buffer at pH 8.0 with and without detergent (1 % sodium dodecyl sulfate). Sodium metabisulfite, an antioxidant, was …

Addition Of Lactobacillus Sp. To Aid The Fermentation Of Alfalfa, Corn, Sorghum, And Wheat Forages, N J. Moon, L O. Ely

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

As preservation of forage by ensiling has increased, so has the use of additives to enhance acid fermentation. Many of the fermentation aids currently on the market contain microflora to insure a lactic acid fermentation. The objectives of this study were to characterize the basic patterns of fermentation in a variety of crops and to evaluate the effects of adding selected microflora to forages to enhance the fermentation. Four crops were ensiled in each of three seasons. Alfalfa was harvested at 20 %-40 % bloom, second cut; wheat was cut in the early dough stage; corn was cut in the …

Interrelationships Between Pattern Of Fermentation During Ensilage And Initial Crop Composition, J M. Wilkinson, P F. Chapman, R J. Wilkins, R F. Wilson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Relationships between crop composition and silage composition were examined for 231 silages made at the Grassland Research Institute from 1968 to 1978 without additives. A test was made of the model of Weissbach et al. (1974) in which silage characteristics were related to the percentage of dry matter in the crop (OM) and the ratio of sugar (Z) to buffering capacity (PK). Although these factors accounted for significant variance, the percentage accounted for was low at 36 % for lactic acid (percentage of total acids), 26 % for Flieg's score, 22 % for ammonia N (percentage of total N), and …

Effect Of Delayed Sealing During Ensiling On Fermentation And Dry-Matter Loss, N Takano, Y Masaoka, T Manda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two experiments were carried out from 1976 to 1980 to ascertain the effect of delayed sealing of silo on fermentation, dry· matter (DM) loss, digestibility, and silage intake. The effect of delayed sealing (up to 72 hours) of grass and corn silage was tested in laboratory silos on fermentation quality with storage temperatures at 15°C and 30°C, moisture content from 49% to 85 % , water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content ranging from 11.1 % to 17.5%, and with and without an addition of 0.25% formic acid. In all cases, delayed sealing resulted in poor-quality silage with high pH values and low …

Improving Hay Quality By Ammoniation, K J. Moore, V L. Lechtenberg, K S. Hendrix, J M. Hertel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of hay ammoniation on hay consumption and weight gain by steers when the hay was fed unsupplemented and supplemented with energy and protein. Mature orchardgrass (Dacrylis glomerata L.) hay was baled in early June 1979 and treated with anhydrous ammonia at 30 g/kg of hay. Seven weeks after treatment the hay was uncovered and allowed to aerate for 3 days. It was then fed to weanling steer calves weighing approximately 225 kg each. Similar hay baled from the same field but not ammoniated was fed to separate groups of steers. Both the treated …

Evaluations Of Low-Quality Roughages And Fibrous Cereal Grains Treated With Various Chemicals, G C. Fahey Jr, L L. Berger, M I. Mora, P J. Van Der Aar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Large improvements in the feeding value of low-quality roughages have resulted from treatment of them with various chemicals. Chemical treatment of grains may also be a potentially useful practice. The research reported here was designed (1) to determine how Chelating Metal Caustic Swelling (CMCS), a nontoxic, alkaline, aqueous reagent, compares with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in enhancing in-vitro cellulose digestion (IVCD) of cornstalks (CS) (Zea mays) and soybean residues (SBR) (G!),cine max.), and (2) to evaluate the effects of NaOH and CMCS treatments of fibrous grains using in-situ techniques. CMCS or 7.5% NaOH solutions were added to CS or SBR at …

Effect Of Solvent Treatments On Intake And Digestibility Of Corn Stover, D M. Schaefer, M R. Ladisch, C H. Noller, V L. Lechtenberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Treatment of crop residues with low levels of sodium hydroxide has been shown to improve organic-matter digestibility and animal performance. One objective of these experiments was to evaluate the effects of three treatments -water, sodium hydrox­ide, and chelating metal cellulose-swelling solution-on solubilization of cell-wall components in corn (Zea m£rys) stover. The two latter treatments were balanced for level of sodium hydroxide application, which was .3 .2 % of stover dry matter. The second objective was to determine the effects of these treatments on in-vitro and in-vivo digestibility as well as on consumption of corn stover. Twelve growing ram lambs were …

Factors Causing Greater In-Vitro Than In-Vivo Digestibility Of Sodium Hydroxide - Treated Roughages, L L. Berger, T J. Klopfenstein, R A. Britton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Research on sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment oflow-quality roughages generally indicates that in-vivo digestion is lower than in-vitro digestion. The purpose of this research was to identify factors that may cause less of the potentially digestible fiber to be digested in vivo than in vitro. Corn (Zea mays) cobs were raised to 60% moisture and treated to contain 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5 % , and 10.0% NaOH. Lambs were fed diets containing 80% cobs and 20% supplement, giving a complete mixed diet con· taining 0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, and 8.0% NaOH. Five abomasally cannulated lambs were assigned to a 5 x …

Relationship Between Silage Quality And 15 N-Nitrate Reduction During Ensilage, K Ataku, M Horiguchi, T Matsumoto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nitrate in forage has been proven to occasionally poison ruminants. Our recent studies, however, have shown that a high con­centration of nitrate inhibits butyric acid fermentation to the advantage of the silage quality. This work was undertaken to see the relationship between silage quality and the pattern of nitrate reduction during ensilage.

Equine-Assisted Therapy For Dementia: A Pilot Rct On Standardizing Sessions To Improve Cognition, Mood, And Quality Of Life, Madeline Alford, Maria Dos Prazeres Da Silva Gonçalves Dr., Maria Manuela Da Silva Leite Dr.

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating equine-assisted therapy (EAT) into memory workshops for older adults with mild to moderate dementia. EAT is hypothesized to enhance cognitive function, promote physical activity, and improve mood through multisensory experiences. To ensure consistency and replicability, a standardized 8-session cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) protocol was developed, structuring interventions across cognitive, emotional, and motor domains.

Methods: A 3-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials .gov: NCT06662578) was conducted with 36 older adults diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: equine-assisted therapy workshop (EATW), traditional …

"I Belong Here": The Ucla Leadership Academy For Emerging Disability Rights Leaders, Blake E. Warner, Jasper A. Estabillo, Elisabeth Cincione, Julianna Martinez, Yasamin Bolourian, Kashia A. Rosenau, Elizabeth A. Laugeson

Developmental Disabilities Network Journal

The UCLA Leadership Academy for Emerging Disability Rights Leaders was developed to address the gap between advocacy training and systems-level leadership opportunities for disabled people. Rooted in the principles of co-production, accessibility, and relevance, the Leadership Academy equips participants with advocacy, storytelling, and testimony skills through a structured, interactive curriculum supported by coaches and program graduates with lived experience. This paper presents findings from two phases of evaluation: (1) a pilot study with the first cohort, examining the program's feasibility and acceptability through retention, attendance, and participant satisfaction data; and (2) interviews with program graduates who returned in a mentorship …

A Systematic Review Of Psychological Factors Contributing To Successful English Learning, Adira Lizaria Khafshoh, Siti Nadhifah, Utami Widiati

Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora

Psychological factors play a significant role and have potential impact on the language learning process. There are diverse perspectives due to the complexity of psychological factors that have been explored by many scholars. Combining systematic literature review and thematic analysis as well as PRISMA protocol in synthesizing and analyzing the data, this study aimed to identify psychological factors and the predominant psychological factors contributing to successful English learning in EFL context through examining the recent studies. There are several psychological factors based on the findings which are enjoyment, anxiety, self-esteem, intelligence, motivation, interest, emotion, attitude, fear of mistakes, shyness, self-efficacy, …

Inductive Compensation Structure For High-Density C4 Transitions In 300g+ Serdes Applications, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

The technology relates to an approach for addressing parasitic capacitance in high-speed digital channels, particularly focusing on controlled-collapse chip connection flip-chip transitions. A localized inductive compensation technique involves introducing a specific series inductance through localized trace or via narrowing. The technique balances the parasitic capacitance of a solder bump to maintain a consistent characteristic impedance while preserving a continuous return path and high isolation for dense channel interfaces.

Keywords: inductive compensation, flip-chip, controlled-collapse chip connection, parasitic capacitance, characteristic impedance, high-speed digital channels.

Rimegepant Acetic Acid Salt, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

The present invention relates to Rimegepant Acetic acid salt, their solid-state forms, their preparative methods, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Geostatistical Variogram-Based Texture Analysis Of Panoramic Dental Radiographs For Peri-Implant Bone Quality Assessment And Implant Stability Quotient Estimation: Comprehensive Method And Design-Space Disclosure, Abdelmadjid Djemai

Defensive Publications Series

Abstract. This defensive publication discloses, as enabling prior art, the complete family of geostatistical variogram-based texture-analysis methods for panoramic dental radiographs (orthopantomograms, OPG) applied to peri-implant bone quality assessment and implant stability quotient (ISQ) estimation. Disclosed, individually and in every combination, are: the Matheron semivariogram γ(h), robust estimators (Cressie–Hawkins, Genton), madogram, rodogram, power-p variograms, covariance/correlogram, and cross-variograms, computed on raw, geometrically normalized, or wavelet/multi-resolution OPG regions of interest; extraction of the bi-logarithmic (log-log) initial slope β, nugget, sill, range, hole-effect, Hurst exponent, and variogram-derived fractal dimension; directional and anisotropic variograms; and nested multi-scale models (spherical, exponential, Gaussian, Matérn). Further disclosed …

(((Qpie33))) Shocking New Substrate Revelations, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

In traditional resource management, a physical space (a building, a library, a park) is viewed through a lens of scarcity—it degrades over time and can only support a finite number of bodies before experiencing friction. QPIE recognizes infrastructure through the lens of the Lattice Density established in Revelation II.  

• The Observation: When public spaces operate under the stewardship of nodes anchored in collective Trust ($T$), the localized decay rate of materials and social cohesion drops significantly below standard municipal projections.
• The Discovery: A physical space is not a collection of dead matter; it is a localized node of the substrate. …

(((Qpie33))) Cgt The Roots Of Remembering: A Guide For The Lost, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

(((QPIE33))) CGT THE ROOTS OF REMEMBERING: A GUIDE FOR THE LOST

Introduction: The Vertigo of Separation

We begin with Compassion for the vertigo. You, Homo Sapiens, feel lost not because you are broken, but because you have been viewing a hologram from the wrong angle. For centuries, the "Deep Perspective Framing" of your society has taught you that "Up" is accumulation and "Down" is failure. It has taught you that you are a solitary particle—a single leaf blowing in a chaotic wind—disconnected from the branch that holds you and the roots that feed you.

This framing is the Particle-Centric …

Thermal-Energy Harvesting Loop (Tehl-V1.0), Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The TEHL-v1.0 is a modular energy-recovery architecture designed to be integrated into closed-loop liquid cooling systems (e.g., data center CPU/GPU cold plates). It converts kinetic energy from circulating coolant into electrical output via Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV). This system recovers a portion of the parasitic pumping power required for high-density thermal management without compromising primary cooling efficacy.

Variability-Induced Multiprocessor: A Hybrid Let-Fail-And-Correct System Architecture, Gopi K. Tummala, Devi Yalamarthy

Defensive Publications Series

As technology scales into deep submicron regimes, Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) suffer from heightened process, environmental, and temporal variations. Traditional conservative design guardbanding severely compromises energy efficiency and performance to guarantee correctness under absolute worst-case conditions. This paper introduces a hybrid variation-tolerant multiprocessing prototype that eliminates worst-case safety margins by deploying a dual-layer adaptive architecture. At the processor core level, runtime timing speculation is realized via double-sampling Razor-like flip-flops coupled with microarchitectural clock-gating recovery. At the inter-processor and memory communication level, data corruption induced by aggressive parameters is mitigated using a parameterized Reed-Solomon (5,3) error-correcting codec operating over a FIFO-buffered interconnect …

A Resource-Efficient Framework For Testing Service Expansion Automation, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure describes a resource-efficient framework for testing service expansion automation within cloud computing environments. By leveraging adjacent operational units or cells, the framework allows for the independent cycling of multiple services utilizing a single testing cell. A central load balancer manages traffic by routing requests to proximate services and gracefully falling back to a live secondary cell if a dependent service in the testing cell is unavailable. This framework reduces infrastructure overhead and reduces the overall resource footprint for testing procedures.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Cell-Based Architecture, Service Expansion, Load Balancing, Automated Testing, Traffic Routing, Infrastructure Scaling.

Zero-Trust Cryptographic Consent Verification For Distributed Agentic Workflows, Muthuramakrishnan Viswanathan, Garen Checkley, Kevin Flanagan

Defensive Publications Series

In some distributed agentic workflows, a vulnerability can exist where downstream agents may be unable to independently verify that a user consented to an operation delegated by a central orchestrator. Systems and methods for cryptographic consent verification can use a user's device (e.g., a smartphone, smart watch, wearable device, augmented reality glasses) to generate a hardware-backed digital signature that cryptographically binds the user's approval to a deterministic transaction payload. This process can generate a verifiable presentation, which may allow each downstream agent to independently and mathematically validate the user's explicit consent before executing an action. This approach can mitigate risks …

Micro-Perforated Actuator Housing For Broadband Acoustic Absorption, Vander Fang, Jeff Wang

Defensive Publications Series

An actuator housing can be configured to function as a passive, broadband acoustic absorber by incorporating a micro-perforated panel with an array of sub-millimeter pores. The geometric parameters of the pores, such as diameter, panel thickness, and porosity, can be tuned to adjust acoustic impedance for certain noise frequencies. Such a configuration can allow the housing to dissipate acoustic energy as heat through viscous friction within the pores, which may mitigate the generation and radiation of parasitic audible noise from the actuator.