Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (661852)
- Arts and Humanities (577199)
- Law (545449)
- Education (385802)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (327846)
-
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (294388)
- Life Sciences (255659)
- Engineering (197621)
- History (183312)
- Business (150341)
- Higher Education (144931)
- Anthropology (116054)
- Religion (110248)
- Archaeological Anthropology (96477)
- Communication (89478)
- Sociology (87243)
- Library and Information Science (80630)
- Medical Specialties (78560)
- United States History (78198)
- Psychology (74005)
- Computer Sciences (63793)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (63250)
- Earth Sciences (59530)
- Creative Writing (58060)
- Public Health (54703)
- Environmental Sciences (52723)
- English Language and Literature (47809)
- Economics (47505)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (46628)
- Music (46086)
- Institution
-
- University of South Florida (163356)
- University of New Mexico (139695)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (114047)
- Kenyon College (112899)
- University of Montana (98548)
-
- University of Mississippi (95023)
- University of New Hampshire (79814)
- Brigham Young University (72307)
- Georgia Southern University (61685)
- Eastern Illinois University (57905)
- Utah State University (57360)
- Mississippi State University (54718)
- Western Michigan University (53071)
- University of Kentucky (52532)
- Murray State University (50642)
- Purdue University (50126)
- University of Colorado Law School (47498)
- Louisiana State University (45222)
- Brigham Young University Law School (43875)
- Western Kentucky University (43095)
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (42849)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (42563)
- University of Central Florida (42542)
- University of Dayton (41441)
- Chulalongkorn University (37755)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (37741)
- San Jose State University (37189)
- University of Northern Iowa (36018)
- Yale University (33913)
- Missouri University of Science and Technology (33710)
- Keyword
-
- Newspaper (47939)
- Latin America (31539)
- Press release; media release; press statement; news media information (30839)
- Spanish (30834)
- History (30000)
-
- Humans (29913)
- University of New Mexico (29737)
- UNM (29639)
- LADB (29608)
- LAII (29608)
- Latin American and Iberian Institute (29608)
- Education (28898)
- United States (21508)
- Student newspaper (20070)
- Newsletter (19716)
- EIU (19633)
- Georgia Southern University (18971)
- Newspapers (18266)
- Deaf culture (17102)
- Hearing impaired (17091)
- Pastoral care of people with disabilities (17060)
- Church work with the deaf -- Catholic Church (17052)
- Deaf -- Periodicals (17043)
- Athletics (16877)
- Marriage (16189)
- Poetry (15536)
- Students (15176)
- Higher education (14661)
- Female (14524)
- COVID-19 (14455)
- Publication Year
-
- 2026 (115011)
- 2025 (158436)
- 2024 (194184)
- 2023 (163585)
- 2022 (168613)
-
- 2021 (196425)
- 2020 (169735)
- 2019 (165777)
- 2018 (170508)
- 2017 (161428)
- 2016 (159893)
- 2015 (146646)
- 2014 (136474)
- 2013 (130508)
- 2012 (125080)
- 2011 (108595)
- 2010 (104004)
- 2009 (95949)
- 2008 (92926)
- 2007 (79350)
- 2006 (74769)
- 2005 (70339)
- 2004 (71565)
- 2003 (58918)
- 2002 (64645)
- 2001 (55207)
- 2000 (58877)
- 1996 (62536)
- 1992 (53158)
- 1990 (53747)
- Publication
-
- Four Valleys Archive (90475)
- Theses and Dissertations (74533)
- Faculty Publications (45902)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (35659)
- University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present (30911)
-
- Faculty Scholarship (25476)
- Dissertations (23811)
- The Auk (22791)
- Documents (21911)
- Theses (21747)
- Browse All News (21096)
- Articles (19903)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (19634)
- Masters Theses (18663)
- Master's Theses (18447)
- Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD) (15281)
- Session Laws 1951-2000 (15051)
- NotiSur (13785)
- Faculty, Staff and Student Publications (13699)
- Hillsborough County Marriage Records (13681)
- University of Mississippi News (13497)
- Obituaries (13320)
- The Murray Ledger & Times (13003)
- Sheet Music Collection (12976)
- Michigan Law Review (12811)
- Defensive Publications Series (12514)
- University of Montana Course Syllabi (12469)
- Honors Theses (12166)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (11969)
- Condor (11821)
- Publication Type
Articles 2266411 - 2266440 of 5187894
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Minutes, University Of South Florida St. Petersburg Faculty Senate Meeting, August 24, 2012, University Of South Florida St. Petersburg. Faculty Senate
Minutes, University Of South Florida St. Petersburg Faculty Senate Meeting, August 24, 2012, University Of South Florida St. Petersburg. Faculty Senate
USF St. Petersburg Faculty Senate Meetings: Minutes
The minutes from the University of South Florida St. Petersburg's Faculty Senate meeting on August 24, 2012.
Differential Virus Host-Ranges Of The Fuselloviridae Of Hyperthermophilic Archaea: Implications For Evolution In Extreme Environments, Ruben Michael Ceballos, Caleb D. Marceau, Joshua O. Marceau, Steven Morris, Adam J. Clore, Kenneth M. Stedman
Differential Virus Host-Ranges Of The Fuselloviridae Of Hyperthermophilic Archaea: Implications For Evolution In Extreme Environments, Ruben Michael Ceballos, Caleb D. Marceau, Joshua O. Marceau, Steven Morris, Adam J. Clore, Kenneth M. Stedman
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
An emerging model for investigating virus-host interactions in hyperthermophilic Archaea is the Fusellovirus-Sulfolobus system. The host, Sulfolobus, is a hyperthermophilic acidophile endemic to sulfuric hot springs worldwide. The Fuselloviruses, also known as Sulfolobus Spindle-shaped Viruses (SSVs), are “lemon” or “spindle”-shaped double-stranded DNA viruses, which are also found worldwide. Although a few studies have addressed the host-range for the type virus, Sulfolobus Spindle-shaped Virus 1 (SSV1), using common Sulfolobus strains, a comprehensive host-range study for SSV-Sulfolobus systems has not been performed. Herein, we examine six bona fide SSV strains (SSV1, SSV2, SSV3, SSVL1, SSVK1, SSVRH) and their respective infection characteristics on …
Edwards V. Mortgage Electronic Registration Appellant's Reply Brief 2 Dckt. 38604
Edwards V. Mortgage Electronic Registration Appellant's Reply Brief 2 Dckt. 38604
Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All
No abstract provided.
Edwards V. Mortgage Electronic Registration Appellant's Reply Brief 1 Dckt. 38604
Edwards V. Mortgage Electronic Registration Appellant's Reply Brief 1 Dckt. 38604
Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All
No abstract provided.
The Daily Gamecock, Friday, August 24, 2012, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media
The Daily Gamecock, Friday, August 24, 2012, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media
August
No abstract provided.
Comprehensive Thermal Modeling Of Electrothermoelastic Microstructures, Mohammad A. Mayyas
Comprehensive Thermal Modeling Of Electrothermoelastic Microstructures, Mohammad A. Mayyas
Engineering Technologies Faculty Publications
Bent and folded beam configurations have been popularly used in electrothermoelastic (E-T) actuation. This paper introduces new designs of thermal end-effector with micro-grasping and micro-heating capabilities. We obtained analytical models for all possible steady state temperature responses of suspended and overhanging microstructures that constitute bent beam, folded beam, and combined actuators. Generally, the thermal response of E-T microstructures is sensitive to the boundary conditions, particularly for high power input. Thermal models have predicted the failure due to melting, which is the most common reason for failure of E-T devices, and it often occurs in the longest and the thinnest microstructure.
Overby Center Tribute Honors Okolona Native, Washington Post Columnist William Raspberry, Staff Report
Overby Center Tribute Honors Okolona Native, Washington Post Columnist William Raspberry, Staff Report
University of Mississippi News
No abstract provided.
East Valley Tribune: Don't Forget Insurance With College-Bound Kids, Admin
East Valley Tribune: Don't Forget Insurance With College-Bound Kids, Admin
University of Mississippi News
No abstract provided.
The Ohio Supreme Court’S Perverse Stance On Development Impact Fees And What To Do About It, Alan Weinstein
The Ohio Supreme Court’S Perverse Stance On Development Impact Fees And What To Do About It, Alan Weinstein
All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications
Ohio is among the twenty-two states that have no enabling legislation for development impact fees. But in a 2000 ruling, Homebuilders Association of Dayton and the Miami Valley, et. al. v. City of Beavercreek, a divided Ohio Supreme Court ruled that municipalities could lawfully enact impact fees under their police and “home rule” powers, provided that the fees could pass constitutional muster under a “dual rational nexus test.” On May 31, 2012, however, the Court ruled in Drees Company, et. al. v. Hamilton Township, that a development impact fee enacted by an Ohio township with “limited home rule” powers was …
Loss Of The Lipopolysaccharide Core Biosynthesis Rfad Gene Increases Antimicrobial Chemokine Binding And Bacterial Susceptibility To Ccl28 And Polymyxin: A Model For Understanding The Interface Of Antimicrobial Chemokines And Bacterial Host Defense Avoidance Mechanisms, Cynthia S. Lew
Theses and Dissertations
In order to better understand the mechanism of antimicrobial chemokine activity, including binding to and killing of bacteria, random transposon mutagenesis was performed in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Resulting mutants were screened for increased binding to chemokine and high binding clones were selected for further study. One mutant, designated mutant 27, was found to have a single insertion mutation in the rfaD gene. The rfaD gene product is involved in heptose biosynthesis, one of the sugars of the inner core oligosaccharide of Gram- negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mutant 27 was found to bind both CCL25 and CCL28, two antimicrobial chemokines, more efficiently than …
Revision Of African Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), Thierry Bouyer, Alain Drumont, Antonio Santos-Silva
Revision Of African Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), Thierry Bouyer, Alain Drumont, Antonio Santos-Silva
Insecta Mundi
A comprehensive revision of the Subfamily Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from the Afrotropical Region is presented. Two new genera are described: Adlbauerandra and Meridiandra. The known species from the Afrotropical Region are excluded from Parandra Latreille, 1802, which resulted in the following new combinations: Acutandra beninensis (Murray, 1862), A. comoriana (Fairmaire, 1895), A. gabonica (Thomson, 1858), Adlbauerandra morettoi (Adlbauer, 2004) and Meridiandra capicola (Thomson, 1861). Eighteen new species are described: Acutandra amieti, A. barclayi, A. camiadei, A. dasilvai, A. delahayei, A. gaetani, A. garnieri, A. grobbelaarae, A. hugoi, A. jolyi …
Role Of Sequence And Structure Of The Hendra Fusion Protein Fusion Peptide In Membrane Fusion, Everett Clinton Smith, Sonia M. Gregory, Lukas K. Tamm, Trevor P. Creamer, Rebecca Ellis Dutch
Role Of Sequence And Structure Of The Hendra Fusion Protein Fusion Peptide In Membrane Fusion, Everett Clinton Smith, Sonia M. Gregory, Lukas K. Tamm, Trevor P. Creamer, Rebecca Ellis Dutch
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Viral fusion proteins are intriguing molecular machines that undergo drastic conformational changes to facilitate virus-cell membrane fusion. During fusion a hydrophobic region of the protein, termed the fusion peptide (FP), is inserted into the target host cell membrane, with subsequent conformational changes culminating in membrane merger. Class I fusion proteins contain FPs between 20 and 30 amino acids in length that are highly conserved within viral families but not between. To examine the sequence dependence of the Hendra virus (HeV) fusion (F) protein FP, the first eight amino acids were mutated first as double, then single, alanine mutants. Mutation of …
Cold-Forming Effect Investigation On Cold-Formed Thick-Walled Steel Hollow Sections, Y. Q. Li, D. H. Wen, L. P. Wang, Z. Y. Shen
Cold-Forming Effect Investigation On Cold-Formed Thick-Walled Steel Hollow Sections, Y. Q. Li, D. H. Wen, L. P. Wang, Z. Y. Shen
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
No abstract provided.
Finite Element Analyses Of Lipped Chanel Beams With Web Openings In Shear, P. Keerthan, M. Mahendran
Finite Element Analyses Of Lipped Chanel Beams With Web Openings In Shear, P. Keerthan, M. Mahendran
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Cold-formed steel members are increasingly used as primary structural elements in buildings due to the availability of thin and high strength steels and advanced cold-forming technologies. Cold-formed lipped channel beams (LCB) are commonly used as flexural members such as floor joists and bearers. Shear behaviour of LCBs with web openings is more complicated and their shear capacities are considerably reduced by the presence of web openings. However, limited research has been undertaken on the shear behaviour and strength of LCBs with web openings. Hence a numerical study was undertaken to investigate the shear behaviour and strength of LCBs with web …
Push Tests On Innovative Shear Connector For Composite Beam With Cold-Formed Steel Section, S. O. Bamaga, M. M. Tahir, C. S. Tan
Push Tests On Innovative Shear Connector For Composite Beam With Cold-Formed Steel Section, S. O. Bamaga, M. M. Tahir, C. S. Tan
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
In this study, experimental tests were conducted to investigate the ductility and strength capacity of new shear connector. Push test specimens were prepared and tested according to EN1994-1-1 standard. The push test specimen consists of two cold-formed steel lipped channel sections oriented back-to-back to form an I-section beam, transverse metal deck and normal concrete slabs grade C25/30. Angle brackets were obtained from the same section of the beam and fastened to the web of steel beam to provide the shear connection. Two shear connectors were tested namely; “SC1” and “SC2” shear connectors. Both shear connectors showed a ductile behavior and …
2012-08-24 University Graduate Committee Meeting Minutes, Morehead State University. Faculty Senate.
2012-08-24 University Graduate Committee Meeting Minutes, Morehead State University. Faculty Senate.
Faculty Senate Records
University Graduate Committee Meeting Minutes for August 24, 2012.
2012-08-24 Faculty Rights & Responsibilities Committee Meeting Minutes, Morehead State University. Faculty Senate.
2012-08-24 Faculty Rights & Responsibilities Committee Meeting Minutes, Morehead State University. Faculty Senate.
Faculty Senate Records
Faculty Rights & Responsibilities Committee Meeting Minutes for August 24, 2012.
Development Of Repressible Systems To Control Gene Expression In Vaccinia Virus, Allison Titong
Development Of Repressible Systems To Control Gene Expression In Vaccinia Virus, Allison Titong
Master's Theses
Two vaccinia virus (VACV) expression systems that contain elements from the lactose (lac) and the tetracycline (tet) operons of E. coli were developed to repress the expression of a reporter gene, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), in the presence of tet operon inducers. In the first system, lac and tet operon elements were arranged in a gene circuit, and in the presence of increasing concentrations of a lac operon inducer (isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside, IPTG), EGFP expression increased in a dose dependent manner and at high IPTG concentrations, expression reached the same levels as a positive control virus. Importantly, in the …
Using Nwp Analysis In Satellite Rainfall Estimation Of Heavy Precipitation Events Over Complex Terrain, Xinxuan Zhang
Using Nwp Analysis In Satellite Rainfall Estimation Of Heavy Precipitation Events Over Complex Terrain, Xinxuan Zhang
Master's Theses
This study investigates the use of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) high-resolution storm analysis in satellite rainfall estimation over complex terrains. Rainfall estimation here is based on the NOAA-Climate Prediction Center morphing (CMORPH) product. Specifically, CMORPH rainfall is adjusted by applying a power-law function whose parameter values are obtained from the comparison between WRF and CMORPH hourly rain rates. Results are presented based on the analyses of five storm cases that induced catastrophic floods in southern Europe. The WRF-based adjusted CMORPH rain rates exhibited improved error statistics against independent radar-rainfall estimates. We show that the adjustment reduces the underestimation of …
Network- Level Pavement Performance And Management Study In Connecticut, Ramandeep S. Josen
Network- Level Pavement Performance And Management Study In Connecticut, Ramandeep S. Josen
Master's Theses
This thesis presents the analysis of asphalt pavement cracking data on the network level in Connecticut. Pavement performance indicators including longitudinal and transverse cracking as well as roughness are investigated with respect to numerous distinct factors that can be grouped into three categories, i.e. climatic-, pavement structure-, and traffic-related. High-quality climatic data was obtained from the national weather stations in Connecticut. Maintenance and construction data was used to determine the pavement age and structure amongst several other factors. Traffic data was acquired from the state records and accumulated traffic loading was estimated for all segments based on their age. High …
The Effects Of Bolt Pretension, In-Plane Eccentricity, And Friction On The Ductility Of Block Shear Connections, Kevin M. Zmetra
The Effects Of Bolt Pretension, In-Plane Eccentricity, And Friction On The Ductility Of Block Shear Connections, Kevin M. Zmetra
Master's Theses
Block shear is a complex failure mechanism in bolted and welded steel components such as gusset plates, webs of coped beams, angles and tees. It presumes a combination of tension rupture and shear yield. Multiple variables affect the block shear capacity and ductility of a connection. This study investigates the effects of bolt pretension, connection eccentricity and friction force transfer through a series of destructive experiments followed by refined finite element simulation. Clamping forces create a complex triaxial stress field compounded by the stress concentration at the bolt holes. In-plane load eccentricity with respect to the centerline of the connection …
Reducing Knowledge Overconfidence By Reducing The Threat Of Knowledge Cue Utilization, Christopher Neil Burrows
Reducing Knowledge Overconfidence By Reducing The Threat Of Knowledge Cue Utilization, Christopher Neil Burrows
Master's Theses
Overconfident judgments are common. We are often more confident about things than we should be, and this may lead us to make maladaptive decisions. Debiasing confidence by cuing people in to how confident they should be could help people make better choices. However, people may be unwilling to accept debiasing information if doing so implies their own ignorance. This study examined whether self-affirmation can buffer people against threats to self-image, helping people to accept debiasing cues. I hypothesized that combining a cue with self-affirmation would lead to enhanced debiasing over cues or self-affirmation alone. In order to investigate this hypothesis, …
Sex Determination In Beetles: Production Of All Male Progeny By Parental Rnai Knockdown Of Transformer, Jayendra Nath Shukla, Subba Reddy Palli
Sex Determination In Beetles: Production Of All Male Progeny By Parental Rnai Knockdown Of Transformer, Jayendra Nath Shukla, Subba Reddy Palli
Entomology Faculty Publications
Sex in insects is determined by a cascade of regulators ultimately controlling sex-specific splicing of a transcription factor, Doublesex (Dsx). We recently identified homolog of dsx in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Tcdsx). Here, we report on the identification and characterization of a regulator of Tcdsx splicing in T. castaneum. Two male-specific and one female-specific isoforms of T. castaneum transformer (Tctra) were identified. RNA interference-aided knockdown of Tctra in pupa or adults caused a change in sex from females to males by diverting the splicing of Tcdsx pre-mRNA to male-specific isoform. All the pupa and adults developed from Tctra …
Armstrong Volleyball Picked To Tie For 2012 Peach Belt Title, Armstrong State University
Armstrong Volleyball Picked To Tie For 2012 Peach Belt Title, Armstrong State University
Armstrong Athletics: Women's Volleyball News (Archived)
Armstrong Volleyball Picked To Tie For 2012 Peach Belt Title. The Armstrong Atlantic State University volleyball squad has been picked to tie for the 2012 Peach Belt Conference title in a preseason poll of the league's coaches, released Friday.
The New Hampshire, Vol. 102 [103], No. 1 (Aug. 24, 2012), The New Hampshire
The New Hampshire, Vol. 102 [103], No. 1 (Aug. 24, 2012), The New Hampshire
The New Hampshire Print Edition
An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire. This volume was printed as 102, but it is the 103rd volume in the series. This was corrected in pencil.
Professor Offers Tips To Help College Students Earn Better Grades, Admin
Professor Offers Tips To Help College Students Earn Better Grades, Admin
University of Mississippi News
No abstract provided.
Differential Virus Host-Ranges Of The Fuselloviridae Of Hyperthermophilic Archaea: Implications For Evolution In Extreme Environments, Ruben M. Ceballos, Caleb D. Marceau, Joshua O. Marceau, Steven Morris, Adam J. Clore, Kenneth M. Stedman
Differential Virus Host-Ranges Of The Fuselloviridae Of Hyperthermophilic Archaea: Implications For Evolution In Extreme Environments, Ruben M. Ceballos, Caleb D. Marceau, Joshua O. Marceau, Steven Morris, Adam J. Clore, Kenneth M. Stedman
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
An emerging model for investigating virus-host interactions in hyperthermophilic Archaea is the Fusellovirus-Sulfolobus system. The host, Sulfolobus, is a hyperthermophilic acidophile endemic to sulfuric hot springs worldwide. The Fuselloviruses, also known as Sulfolobus Spindle-shaped Viruses (SSVs), are "lemon" or "spindle"-shaped double-stranded DNA viruses, which are also found worldwide. Although a few studies have addressed the host-range for the type virus, Sulfolobus Spindle-shaped Virus 1 (SSV1), using common Sulfolobus strains, a comprehensive host-range study for SSV-Sulfolobus systems has not been performed. Herein, we examine six bona fide SSV strains (SSV1, SSV2, SSV3, SSVL1, SSVK1, SSVRH) and their respective infection characteristics on …
The Mre11 Nuclease Is Critical For The Sensitivity Of Cells To Chk1 Inhibition, Ruth Thompson, Ryan Montano, Alan Eastman
The Mre11 Nuclease Is Critical For The Sensitivity Of Cells To Chk1 Inhibition, Ruth Thompson, Ryan Montano, Alan Eastman
Dartmouth Scholarship
The Chk1 kinase is required for the arrest of cell cycle progression when DNA is damaged, and for stabilizing stalled replication forks. As a consequence, many Chk1 inhibitors have been developed and tested for their potential to enhance DNA damage-induced tumor cell killing. However, inhibition of Chk1 alone, without any additional exogenous agent, can be cytotoxic. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of this sensitivity is critical for defining which patients might respond best to therapy with Chk1 inhibitors. We have investigated the mechanism of sensitivity in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Upon incubation with the Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776, single-stranded DNA regions (ssDNA) and …
Tryptophan Hydroxylase-1 Regulates Immune Tolerance And Inflammation, Elizabeth C. Nowak, Victor C. De Vries, Anna Wasiuk, Cory Ahonen, Kathryn A. Bennett, Isabelle Le Mercier, Dae-Gon Ha, Randolph J. Noelle
Tryptophan Hydroxylase-1 Regulates Immune Tolerance And Inflammation, Elizabeth C. Nowak, Victor C. De Vries, Anna Wasiuk, Cory Ahonen, Kathryn A. Bennett, Isabelle Le Mercier, Dae-Gon Ha, Randolph J. Noelle
Dartmouth Scholarship
Nutrient deprivation based on the loss of essential amino acids by catabolic enzymes in the microenvironment is a critical means to control in ammatory responses and immune tolerance. Here we report the novel nding that Tph-1 (tryptophan hydroxylase-1), a synthase which catalyses the conversion of tryptophan to serotonin and exhausts tryptophan, is a potent regulator of immunity. In models of skin allograft tolerance, tumor growth, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Tph-1 de ciency breaks allograft tolerance, induces tumor remission, and intensi es neuroin ammation, respectively. All of these effects of Tph-1 de ciency are independent of its downstream product serotonin. Because …