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Book Reviews, Criticism Editors Aug 2012

Index, Criticism Editors Aug 2012

Book Reviews, Criticism Editors Aug 2012

Note, Criticism Editors Aug 2012

Note, Criticism Editors

Criticism

No abstract provided.

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Book Reviews, Criticism Editors Aug 2012

Book Reviews, Criticism Editors

Criticism

The Sacred River: Coleridge's Theory of the Imagination (James V. Baker) (Reviewed by James Benziger, Southern Illinois University)

The Rational and Social Foundations of Music (Max Weber, trans. and ed. Don Martindale, Johannes Riedel, and Gertrude Neuwirth) (Reviewed by Richard A. Waterman, Wayne State University)

Literature and Belief: English Institute Essays 1957 (M. H. Abrams, ed.) (Reviewed by Emerson R. Marks, Wayne State University)

Literary Reviews and Essays (Henry James, ed. Albert Mordell) (Reviewed by Henry Popkin, Brandeis University)

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Book Reviews, Criticism Editors Aug 2012

Book Reviews, Criticism Editors

Criticism

Anatomy of Criticism (Northrop Frye) (Reviewed by Alexander Sackton, University of Texas)

The Flaming Heart (Mario Praz) (Reviewed by Alexander Sackton, University of Texas)

The Beautiful, The Sublime, and The Picturesque in Eighteenth-Century British Aesthetic Theory (Walter John Hipple, Jr) (Reviewed by Martin Kallich, Northern Illinois University)

Critical Moments: Kenneth Burke's Categories and Critiques (George Knox) (Reviewed by Richard Williams, University of Chicago)

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Variable-Interval Schedule Control Following Response Acquisition With Delayed Reinforcement, Barbara A. Metzger, Kennon A. Lattal Aug 2012

Variable-Interval Schedule Control Following Response Acquisition With Delayed Reinforcement, Barbara A. Metzger, Kennon A. Lattal

The Psychological Record

Four experimentally naive White Carneau pigeons acquired a key-peck response without specific response shaping or other training when such responding was reinforced according to a tandem variable-interval t-s differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior 30-s schedule. This schedule defined an unsignaled, resetting delay-of-reinforcement procedure. When subsequently exposed to a variable-interval schedule of immediate reinforcement, response rates increased rapidly, usually within a single 9O-min session. The response rates of the pigeons under this latter condition were comparable to those of other pigeons with a history of responding only on variable-interval schedules of reinforcement, with reinforcement rates and distributions yoked to the delay of reinforcement condition. Two …

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Effects Of High Doses Of Naltrexone On Running And Responding For The Opportunity To Run In Rats: A Test Of The Opiate Hypothesis, T. W. Belke, L. Dunlop Aug 2012

Effects Of High Doses Of Naltrexone On Running And Responding For The Opportunity To Run In Rats: A Test Of The Opiate Hypothesis, T. W. Belke, L. Dunlop

The Psychological Record

Previous research shows that low to moderate doses of opiate antagonists do not affect running whereas high doses decrease running. This decrease in running has been interpreted as a motivational effect; however, it may also be an effect of motoric impairment, malaise, or sedation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of high doses of naltrexone on running and responding for the opportunity to run in rats. Seven male Wistar rats, trained to press levers for the opportunity to run for 30 s, were exposed to a series of tandem fixed-ratio 1 variable-interval (VI) schedules of …

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Impulsive Choice In Adults: How Consistent Are Individual Differences?, Douglas J. Navarick Aug 2012

Impulsive Choice In Adults: How Consistent Are Individual Differences?, Douglas J. Navarick

The Psychological Record

With animated cartoons as the reinforcer, college students repeatedly made choices between a schedule providing 15 s of viewing followed by 75 s of waiting and a schedule providing 55 s of waiting followed by 25 s of viewing and then 10 s of waiting. Individual differences in choice behavior were extreme: In the second half of the first session, on at least 70% of the trials, 40% of subjects chose the small (15-s) reinforcer (impulsivity) and 40% the large (25-s) reinforcer (self-control). Each of these subjects continued to choose the same schedule consistently throughout the second session 1 - …

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Stimulus Equivalence And The Blocking Effect, Ruth Anne Rehfeldt, Mark R. Dixon, Linda J. Hayes, Amy Steele Aug 2012

Stimulus Equivalence And The Blocking Effect, Ruth Anne Rehfeldt, Mark R. Dixon, Linda J. Hayes, Amy Steele

The Psychological Record

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the blocking effect within the context of a stimulus equivalence paradigm. Ten subjects were provided with a prior history of matching unitary sample stimuli to unitary comparisons. Next, the same stimuli appeared as elements of sample stimulus compounds with additional, redundant elements. During the equivalence test, the elements of each compound were separated, and the extent to which the elements had entered separately into equivalence relations with the other stimuli was examined. Five subjects demonstrated the formation of three three-member equivalence classes and showed a strong blocking effect. The other five subjects …

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The Effects Of A Can't-Answer Response Option And Instructions On Stimulus Equivalence, Angela M. Duarte, Svein Eikeseth, Jesus Rosales-Ruiz, Donald M. Baer Aug 2012

The Effects Of A Can't-Answer Response Option And Instructions On Stimulus Equivalence, Angela M. Duarte, Svein Eikeseth, Jesus Rosales-Ruiz, Donald M. Baer

The Psychological Record

Two interlocking conditional discriminations were established in a paper-and-pencil match-to-sample format by written rule-like instructions to 104 college students-specifically, "When A is the sample, circle 1" (not 2); ''when B is the sample, circle 2" (not 1); when 1 is the sample, circle X" (not V); ''when 2 is the sample, circle Y" (not X). Some subjects always found a CAN'T-ANSWER response option among the comparison stimuli in the match-to-sample format; other subjects never did. All subjects had the same discriminations established repeatedly under different instructional conditions: Baseline: no instructions beyond those establishing the format; then restrictive instructions, cautioning all …

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Derived Stimulus Relations Produce Mediated And Episodic Priming, Steven C. Hayes, Richard T. Bissett Aug 2012

Derived Stimulus Relations Produce Mediated And Episodic Priming, Steven C. Hayes, Richard T. Bissett

The Psychological Record

If derived stimulus relations can serve as a beginning behavioral model of semantic meaning, many of the cognitive findings shown with semantic relations should apply to derived stimulus relations. The present study examined whether priming in a lexical decision task occurs in equivalence relations. In the primary experiment, subjects were trained to form three 3-member equivalence classes of "word-like" nonsense words. Subjects were then given a battery of lexical recognition tasks that included previously trained equivalence class members. The priming effect for stimuli in an equivalence class, whether stimulus relations were directly trained or derived, was as strong as that …

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Augmenting Computer-Interactive Self-Assessment With And Without Feedback, H. A. Chris Ninness, Sharon K. Ninness, Sandra Sherman, Chuck Schotta Aug 2012

Augmenting Computer-Interactive Self-Assessment With And Without Feedback, H. A. Chris Ninness, Sharon K. Ninness, Sandra Sherman, Chuck Schotta

The Psychological Record

Following a preexperimental assessment of computer-interactive math performance during VR 6 reinforcement and extinction, 4 regular education students and 2 students identified as behaviorally disordered participated in an A-BC-D-BC withdrawal of treatment design. Subsequent to baseline observations of math performance during self-assessment with and without accuracy feedback, students were trained in self-assessment procedures by way of a series of computer-interactive tutorials. During treatment, students were provided computer-displayed accuracy feedback plus reinforcement for correct self-assessments of their math performance. Reinforcement and feedback were gradually leaned, and in the final treatment condition, accuracy feedback was terminated; however, monetary reinforcement for correct self-assessment …

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Aggressive Responding In The Laboratory Maintained By The Initiation Of A Provocation-Free Interval, Donald M. Dougherty, Don R. Cherek, Scott D. Lane Aug 2012

Aggressive Responding In The Laboratory Maintained By The Initiation Of A Provocation-Free Interval, Donald M. Dougherty, Don R. Cherek, Scott D. Lane

The Psychological Record

Four adults participated in an experiment designed to study how the duration of an interval free from provocation, following aggressive responding, affected the maintenance of such responding. In testing sessions, two response options were made available on separate buttons labeled "A" and "B." Pressing Button A 100 times incremented a point accumulation counter, and these points were later exchanged for money (one point = 10 cents). Pressing Button B 10 times subtracted a point from a fictitious other subject. These B button responses were defined as aggressive because they ostensibly presented an aversive stimulus (i.e., point subtraction) to another person. …

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Cautiousness, Stereotypy, And Variability In Older And Younger Adults, David E. Lopatto, Stacy Ogier, Emily A. Wickelgren, Craig Gibbens, Adrianna Smith, Laura Sullivan, Melissa Muns Aug 2012

Cautiousness, Stereotypy, And Variability In Older And Younger Adults, David E. Lopatto, Stacy Ogier, Emily A. Wickelgren, Craig Gibbens, Adrianna Smith, Laura Sullivan, Melissa Muns

The Psychological Record

Older adults and college students were tested with two procedures that measure stereotypy and response variability. In Experiment 1 subjects guided a marker through a 6 by 6 matrix by pressing two computer keys. Points were awarded on either a continuous or variable ratio 3 schedule of reinforcement. Points were exchanged for money. Continuous reinforcement produced significantly higher stereotypy than intermittent reinforcement did in both age groups. A difference was found in stereotypy between age groups during the variable ratio schedule. This difference may have been caused by the greater task anxiety of the older adults. In Experiment 2 subjects …

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Stimulus Movement And The Intensity Of Attention, David A. Washburn, R. Thompson Putney Aug 2012

Stimulus Movement And The Intensity Of Attention, David A. Washburn, R. Thompson Putney

The Psychological Record

A stimulus movement effect has been reported in which learning by nonhuman animals was significantly better with moving than with stationary stimuli. In the present investigation, this effect was extended to human participants (N = 56) and further explicated. In Experiment 1 the students responded significantly more accurately and rapidly on a battery of computerized tasks with moving versus stationary stimuli. In Experiment 2 performance on a concurrent task was systematically slowed even as performance was enhanced on two different primary tasks by stimulus movement, which supports the interpretation that these effects are mediated by attention. A distinction between procedural …

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Satellite Contributions To Disaster Monitoring - Japanese Earthquake And Tsunami Case In 2011 -, Akira Iwasaki, Satoshi Miyatani, Shinichi Nakasuka Aug 2012

Satellite Contributions To Disaster Monitoring - Japanese Earthquake And Tsunami Case In 2011 -, Akira Iwasaki, Satoshi Miyatani, Shinichi Nakasuka

Small Satellite Conference

In March 11, 2011, Japan was hit by a large earthquake followed by huge Tsunami. They gave tremendous damages to especially Tohoku-area with more than 18,000 lost and missing persons and more than 360,000 all or half destroyed houses. Furthermore, Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant has been suffering from severe reactor problems caused by the electric power failure by tsunami, and still quite a large number of people cannot stay within their homes near the plants. Japan is now making every effort to restore the previous status of the people's living, economics and industry power. In this presentation, we first …

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Sources Of Economic, Business And Industry Data, Jerry O'Donnell Aug 2012

Sources Of Economic, Business And Industry Data, Jerry O'Donnell

CPAR Presents: A Data and Research Series for Community Impact

This presentation features: Tools and Resources; Data By Industry; Industry Snapshots; Data by Geography; Data by Survey; Database Search; Electronic Economy; NAICS; Small Business; Women, Minorities, Veterans; Economic Indicators; County Business & Demographics; Quarterly Workforce Indicators; and On The Map.

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Radical Behaviorism And The Clarification Of Causality, Constructs, And Confusions: A Reply To Hayes, Adams, And Dixon, Sam Leigland Aug 2012

Radical Behaviorism And The Clarification Of Causality, Constructs, And Confusions: A Reply To Hayes, Adams, And Dixon, Sam Leigland

The Psychological Record

In a recent paper by Hayes, Adams, and Dixon (1997), Skinner's radical behaviorism was criticized on conceptual and philosophical grounds. The criticisms centered around certain types of alleged confusions between observed events and the verbal constructions used in the description of those events. In examining the arguments presented by Hayes et al. (1997), however, certain inconsistencies may be seen regarding the central issues, and problems are found in the application of the arguments to Skinner's work, given a thoroughgoing behavioral view of language. For example, the word "cause" might be viewed in Skinner's writings as implying hidden metaphysical forces, but …

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Fast Mapping And Exclusion (Emergent Matching) In Developmental Language, Behavior Analysis, And Animal Cognition Research, Krista M. Wilkinson, William V. Dube, William J. Mcilvane Aug 2012

Fast Mapping And Exclusion (Emergent Matching) In Developmental Language, Behavior Analysis, And Animal Cognition Research, Krista M. Wilkinson, William V. Dube, William J. Mcilvane

The Psychological Record

Researchers from behavior analytic, developmental, and comparative perspectives have all investigated the conditions under which new arbitrary (symbolic) stimulus-stimulus relations are acquired. For example, young children, people with severe mental retardation, and several species of nonhuman mammals all exhibit emergent matching (EM) in the context of a well-established matching-to-sample baseline: When presented with an undefined sample stimulus and a comparison array that includes one undefined comparison and one or more baseline comparisons, participants select the undefined comparison. Further, subsequent testing may show a learning outcome: Exposure to EM trials may result in a new defined relation involving the formerly undefined …

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Effects Of Alcohol On Rotary Pursuit Performance: A Gender Comparison, Donald M. Dougherty, James M. Bjork, Robert H. Bennett Aug 2012

Effects Of Alcohol On Rotary Pursuit Performance: A Gender Comparison, Donald M. Dougherty, James M. Bjork, Robert H. Bennett

The Psychological Record

For 6 days, 10 male and 10 female social drinkers performed a rotary pursuit task six times across each day under both placebo and alcohol-intoxicated conditions. Following a training period, O.35g/kg of alcohol or placebo beverages were administered 45 min before the second, third, and fourth sessions each day. In general, alcohol impaired the rotary pursuit performance of women more than that of men despite similar peak BAC levels. Results suggest no evidence of acute tolerance, evidenced by similar performance on the ascending and descending limbs of the BAC curve. However, results suggest that across the two alcohol administration days, …

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Discrimination Of "Four" And "Two" By Pigeons, Shigeru Watanabe Aug 2012

Discrimination Of "Four" And "Two" By Pigeons, Shigeru Watanabe

The Psychological Record

Two pigeons learned to respond to four objects while withholding response to two objects. The birds maintained their numerical discrimination when new objects were introduced. They also maintained the discrimination when large and small objects were used to construct "2" and "4," and when different kinds of objects were mixed to make "2" and "4." The subjects responded most often to four objects when tested with one, two, three, four, and five objects in the generalization test after fourth discrimination task. These results suggest the ability of numerical discrimination in pigeons. Two other birds that were trained to peck two …

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Anterior Hypothalamic Stimulation Decreases Serum Immunoglobulin G Concentrations, Paul L. Lambert, Ernest H. Harrell, Kimberly Kelly Aug 2012

Anterior Hypothalamic Stimulation Decreases Serum Immunoglobulin G Concentrations, Paul L. Lambert, Ernest H. Harrell, Kimberly Kelly

The Psychological Record

Neuroimmunological research has indicated that hypothalamic structures play an important role in the modulation of immunoresponsivity. We report that electrical stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus decreases the concentration of Immunoglobulin G (lgG) in rat serum. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either an anterior or dummy electrode group. Following the determination of baseline IgG concentrations animals were placed in an operant chamber where electrical stimulation was delivered to animals in the anterior group. Animals in the dummy electrode group were placed in an operant chamber but received no brain stimulation through the attached cable. IgG concentrations were determined for …

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Effects Of Predator-Induced Stress And Age On Working Memory In Rats, Jon L. Williams, Shelley L. Baker, Jennifer E. Gress, Bennet Givens Aug 2012

Effects Of Predator-Induced Stress And Age On Working Memory In Rats, Jon L. Williams, Shelley L. Baker, Jennifer E. Gress, Bennet Givens

The Psychological Record

The effects of age and predator-induced stress, by exposing rats to a cat, were examined during subsequent testing of spatial working memory. Male rats (3 months and 20 months of age) were trained on a spatial delayed-alternation task using an elevated T maze. After subgroups were given intermittent protected-exposure sessions over a 3-day period to cats or to a control condition, they were tested on the working memory task. The old rats took more trials to reach training criterion. Overall, both stress-exposed groups exhibited a decline in accuracy 24 hr later and recovered completely during the subsequent test sessions. Surprisingly, …

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Neighborhood, Community, And Small Area Data Analysis, Jerry Deichert, David J. Drozd Aug 2012

Neighborhood, Community, And Small Area Data Analysis, Jerry Deichert, David J. Drozd

CPAR Presents: A Data and Research Series for Community Impact

This presentation features: Small Area Data Analysis: The Importance of Various Census Geographies; Relationship between Geography and Datafiles; Major Tract Splits and Changes: 2000 vs. 2010; Data Available at the ZIP Code Level; Accessing ZIP Code Data; County Business Patterns Home Page; ZIP Code Business Patterns Data; ZIP Code Business Patterns Detail; ZIP Code Business Patterns Compare; Local Employment Dynamics--OnTheMap; Selecting Geography; Perform Analysis; Analysis Settings—Inflow/Outflow; Review Results and Change Settings; Selecting a City; Results—Inflow/Outflow; Results—Places Where Fremont Residents Work; and Other Data Sources.

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Information For Grant Writers And Data Users, Sara Woods Aug 2012

Information For Grant Writers And Data Users, Sara Woods

CPAR Presents: A Data and Research Series for Community Impact

This presentation features: Statistical Information for Grant Writing; Good Data in Grant Applications…; Good Data: Where to Focus; National/State Level Data; Making national data relevant to your proposal; National Data Sources; State Data Resources; Local Data; Local Data Sources; Organizational (Primary) Data; Organizational Data: Basic Items to Collect; Surveys; Types of Surveys; Design of Surveys; Gap Analysis; Best Practices Surveys; Other Data Considerations; Identifying Your Target Population; Use Census Products to Describe Your Target Population; Presenting Data in a Proposal; Presenting Data in a Grant Proposal:Charts and Graphs; and Descriptive Text.

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Cubesat Aerodynamic Stability At Iss Altitude And Inclination, Samir Rawashdeh Aug 2012

Cubesat Aerodynamic Stability At Iss Altitude And Inclination, Samir Rawashdeh

Small Satellite Conference

At altitudes below 500km, satellites experience a significant amount of aerodynamic drag that can be utilized to stabilize satellites to align with the relative wind direction. Designing a spacecraft such that the center of pressure is behind the center of mass provides an aerodynamic restoring torque, that in combination with an oscillation damping system, provides stability and alignment with the spacecraft velocity vector. Passive aerodynamic stability and damping has been demonstrated on orbit by the Soviet Union on Cosmos-149 and Cosmos-320 and by NASA on the PAMS spacecraft which was deployed from STS-77. This paper discusses aerodynamic stability solutions for …

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Effects Of Differing Instructional Histories On The Resurgence Of Rule-Following, Mark R. Dixon, Linda J. Hayes Aug 2012

Effects Of Differing Instructional Histories On The Resurgence Of Rule-Following, Mark R. Dixon, Linda J. Hayes

The Psychological Record

Attempts to explain differences between human and nonhuman sensitivity to changing contingencies have centered around humans' language ability, and more specifically on instructional control. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of various histories of rule-governance on the resurgence of rule-following during extinction. Results illustrated that specific rule-following histories reduced trials to criterion and enhanced extinction induced resurgence, when compared to general rule-following or no rule-following histories. A concurrent verbal "think-aloud" procedure demonstrated that these results were caused not entirely by experimenter-provided rules, but also by subjects' generation of self-rules. Implications for the utility of instructional control with …

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Superstitious Behavior And Response Stereotypy Prevent The Emergence Of Efficient Rule-Governed Behavior In Humans, Richard Pisacreta Aug 2012

Superstitious Behavior And Response Stereotypy Prevent The Emergence Of Efficient Rule-Governed Behavior In Humans, Richard Pisacreta

The Psychological Record

This study examined whether humans would learn to solve simple problems by applying an efficient rule, that is, concept teaming. Twenty-four college students were shown a series of five letter combinations created from the first three letters of the alphabet (A, B, and C), presented on a computer terminal (e.g., ACAAA). Pressing computer keyboard keys changed the letters of the alphabet. When all five letters were identical (e.g., AAAAA), the computer informed the subject that they were correct. The most efficient solution to each problem (the rule) was to change only letters that did not match the majority of the …

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