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Articles 2243581 - 2243610 of 5210617

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Characterization Of A Serologic Marker Candidate For Development Of A Live-Attenuated Diva Vaccine Against Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Hiep Vu, Byungjoon Kwon, Marcelo De Lima, Asit K. Pattnaik, Fernando A. Osorio Jan 2013

Characterization Of A Serologic Marker Candidate For Development Of A Live-Attenuated Diva Vaccine Against Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Hiep Vu, Byungjoon Kwon, Marcelo De Lima, Asit K. Pattnaik, Fernando A. Osorio

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines have proven extremely useful for control and eradication of infectious diseases in livestock. We describe here the characterization of a serologic marker epitope, so-called epitope-M201, which can be a potential target for development of a live-attenuated DIVA vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Epitope-M201 is located at the carboxyl terminus (residues 161-174) of the viral M protein. The epitope is highly immunodominant and well-conserved among type-II PRRSV isolates. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies prepared against this epitope are non-neutralizing; thus, the epitope does not seem to contribute to the protective immunity against …

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Trex1 Regulates Lysosomal Biogenesis And Interferon-Independent Activation Of Antiviral Genes, Maroof Hasan, James Koch, Dinesh Rakheja, Asit K. Pattnaik, James Brugarolas, Igor Dozmorov, Beth Levine, Edward K. Wakeland, Min Ae Lee-Kirsch, Nan Yan Jan 2013

Trex1 Regulates Lysosomal Biogenesis And Interferon-Independent Activation Of Antiviral Genes, Maroof Hasan, James Koch, Dinesh Rakheja, Asit K. Pattnaik, James Brugarolas, Igor Dozmorov, Beth Levine, Edward K. Wakeland, Min Ae Lee-Kirsch, Nan Yan

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Innate immune sensing of viral nucleic acids triggers type I interferon (IFN) production, which activates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and directs a multifaceted antiviral response. ISGs can also be activated through IFN-independent pathways, although the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Here we found that the cytosolic exonuclease Trex1 regulates the activation of a subset of ISGs independently of IFN. Both Trex1−/− mouse and TREX1-mutant human cells express high levels of antiviral genes and are refractory to viral infections. The IFN-independent activation of antiviral genes in Trex1−/− cells requires STING, TBK1 and IRF3 and IRF7. We also found that Trex1-deficient cells display expanded …

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Glutaredoxin-2 Is Required To Control Proton Leak Through Uncoupling Protein-3, Ryan J. Mailloux, Jian Ying Xuan, Brittany Beauchamp, Marjorie F. Lou, Mary-Ellen Harper Jan 2013

Glutaredoxin-2 Is Required To Control Proton Leak Through Uncoupling Protein-3, Ryan J. Mailloux, Jian Ying Xuan, Brittany Beauchamp, Marjorie F. Lou, Mary-Ellen Harper

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Glutathionylation has emerged as a key modification required for controlling protein function in response to changes in cell redox status. Recently, we showed that the glutathionylation state of uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) modulates the leak of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix, thus controlling reactive oxygen species production. However, whether or not UCP3 glutathionylation is mediated enzymatically has remained unknown because previous work relied on the use of pharmacological agents, such as diamide, to alter the UCP3 glutathionylation state. Here, we demonstrate that glutaredoxin-2 (Grx2), a matrix oxidoreductase, is required to glutathionylate and inhibit UCP3. Analysis of bioenergetics in skeletal muscle …

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Sequence-Optimized And Targeted Double-Stranded Rna As A Therapeutic Antiviral Treatment Against Infectious Myonecrosis Virus In Litopenaeus Vannamei, J. Dustin Loy, Duan S. Loy, Mark A. Mogler, Bruce Janke, Kurt Kamrud, D. L. Hank Harris, Lyric C. Bartholomay Jan 2013

Sequence-Optimized And Targeted Double-Stranded Rna As A Therapeutic Antiviral Treatment Against Infectious Myonecrosis Virus In Litopenaeus Vannamei, J. Dustin Loy, Duan S. Loy, Mark A. Mogler, Bruce Janke, Kurt Kamrud, D. L. Hank Harris, Lyric C. Bartholomay

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) is a significant and emerging pathogen that has a tremendous impact on the culture of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. IMNV first emerged in Brazil in 2002 and subsequently spread to Indonesia, causing large economic losses in both countries. No existing therapeutic treatments or effective interventions currently exist for IMNV. RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective technique for preventing viral disease in shrimp. Here, we describe the efficacy of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) applied as an antiviral therapeutic following virus challenge. The antiviral molecule is an optimized dsRNA construct that targets an IMNV sequence …

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A New Genetic Linkage Map Of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Facilitates Genetic Dissection Of Height And Spike Length And Angle, Emir Islamovic, Donald E. Obert, Rebekah E. Oliver, Juliet M. Marshall, Kelci J. Miclaus, An Hang, Shiaoman Chao, Gerard R. Lazo, Stephen A. Harrison, Amir Ibrahim, Eric N. Jellen, Peter J. Maughan, Ryan H. Brown, Eric W. Jackson Jan 2013

A New Genetic Linkage Map Of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Facilitates Genetic Dissection Of Height And Spike Length And Angle, Emir Islamovic, Donald E. Obert, Rebekah E. Oliver, Juliet M. Marshall, Kelci J. Miclaus, An Hang, Shiaoman Chao, Gerard R. Lazo, Stephen A. Harrison, Amir Ibrahim, Eric N. Jellen, Peter J. Maughan, Ryan H. Brown, Eric W. Jackson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plant height and spike length and angle are important agronomic traits in the production of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) due to strong correlations with lodging and disease. The objective of this study was to use QTL analysis to identify genetic regions associated with each trait in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population derived from a cross of Falcon by Azhul. Falcon is a spring six-row hulless feed barley with long spikes displaying obtuse angles, while Azhul is a spring dwarf, six-row hulless food barley with short spikes displaying acute angles. The population was genotyped using SNP, DArT and SSR …

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Carbon Storage And Sequestration By Trees In Urban And Community Areas Of The United States, David J. Nowak, Eric J. Greenfield, Robert E. Hoehn, Elizabeth Lapoint Jan 2013

Carbon Storage And Sequestration By Trees In Urban And Community Areas Of The United States, David J. Nowak, Eric J. Greenfield, Robert E. Hoehn, Elizabeth Lapoint

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the United States was quantified to assess the magnitude and role of urban forests in relation to climate change. Urban tree field data from 28 cities and 6 states were used to determine the average carbon density per unit of tree cover. These data were applied to statewide urban tree cover measurements to determine total urban forest carbon storage and annual sequestration by state and nationally. Urban whole tree carbon storage densities average 7.69 kg C m‒2 of tree cover and sequestration densities average 0.28 kg C m‒2 of tree …

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Perceptions Of Campus Climate By Sexual Minorities, Patricia A. Tetreault, Ryan Fette, Peter C. Meidlinger, Debra A. Hope Jan 2013

Perceptions Of Campus Climate By Sexual Minorities, Patricia A. Tetreault, Ryan Fette, Peter C. Meidlinger, Debra A. Hope

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Previous research has indicated that students who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) often have negative experiences on university campuses due to their sexual orientation or gender identity. Direct and indirect experiences contribute to an overall perception of the campus climate. This study used an online survey to assess students’ perceptions of campus climate, their experiences confronting bias, support of family members and friends, and whether they had considered leaving campus. Multiple regression analysis indicated that perceptions of poorer campus climate were predicted by greater unfair treatment by instructors, more impact from anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer …

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Climatic Niche, Ecological Genetics, And Impact Of Climate Change On Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.): Guidelines For Land Managers, Dennis G. Joyce, Gerald E. Rehfeldt Jan 2013

Climatic Niche, Ecological Genetics, And Impact Of Climate Change On Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.): Guidelines For Land Managers, Dennis G. Joyce, Gerald E. Rehfeldt

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Approximately, 123,500 forest inventory and ecological ground plots representing eastern North America were used to predict the contemporary distribution of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) from climate. The random forests classification tree procedures produced an 8-variable algorithm that had an 8% overall error rate. Erroneous predictions of presence, or errors of commission, were 13%, while falsely predicting absence, or errors of omission were 1%. Climate-based multiple regression models were developed to describe patterns of genetic variation among 112 populations representing the range of P. strobus in Ontario, Canada east of Lake Superior. Degree days >5°C was the best …

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Evaluating Population Connectivity For Species Of Conservation Concern In The American Great Plains, Samuel A. Cushman, Erin L. Landguth, Curtis H. Flather Jan 2013

Evaluating Population Connectivity For Species Of Conservation Concern In The American Great Plains, Samuel A. Cushman, Erin L. Landguth, Curtis H. Flather

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Habitat loss and fragmentation are widely recognized as among the most important threats to global biodiversity. New analytical approaches are providing an improved ability to predict the effects of landscape change on population connectivity at vast spatial extents. This paper presents an analysis of population connectivity for three species of conservation concern [swift fox (Vulpes velox); lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus); massasuaga (Sistrurus catenatus)] across the American Great Plains region. We used factorial least-cost path and resistant kernel analyses to predict effects of landscape conditions on corridor network connectivity. Our predictions of population connectivity provide …

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A Comparison Of Dem-Based Indexes For Targeting The Placement Of Vegetative Buffers In Agricultural Watersheds, Mike Dosskey, Zeyuan Qiu, Yang Kang Jan 2013

A Comparison Of Dem-Based Indexes For Targeting The Placement Of Vegetative Buffers In Agricultural Watersheds, Mike Dosskey, Zeyuan Qiu, Yang Kang

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Targeted placement of vegetative buffers may increase their effectiveness for improving water quality in agricultural watersheds. The use of digital elevation models (DEMs) enables precise mapping of runoff pathways for identifying where greater runoff loads can be intercepted and treated with buffers. Five different DEM-based targeting indexes were compared and contrasted for the degree to which they identify similar locations in watersheds: Flow Accumulation [S.K. Jenson and J.O. Domingue (1988). Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 54:1593], Wetness Index [I.D. Moore, R.B. Grayson, and A.R. Ladson (1991). Hydrological Processes 5:3], Topographic Index [M.T. Walter, T.S. Steenhuis, V.K. Mehta, D. Thongs, M. …

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Turbidity And Suspended-Sediment Changes From Stream-Crossing Construction On A Forest Haul Road In West Virginia, Usa, Jingxin Wang, Pamela J. Edwards, Frederica Wood Jan 2013

Turbidity And Suspended-Sediment Changes From Stream-Crossing Construction On A Forest Haul Road In West Virginia, Usa, Jingxin Wang, Pamela J. Edwards, Frederica Wood

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A forested headwater watershed in West Virginia was monitored to examine changes to in-stream turbidity following the construction of a 0.92 km (0.57 mi) haul road. Due to the design of the study, most of the sediment that entered the stream following road construction was known to result from the stream crossings and approaches to the crossings. Stream-water samples collected daily and sequentially during stormflow from 1999 through 2005 were used to interpret the effects of stream-crossing construction on turbidity and suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC). Daily and stormflow turbidity and SSC values increased as a result of the construction. Average sediment …

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Modeling Harvest And Biomass Removal Effects On The Forest Carbon Balance Of The Midwest, Usa, Scott D. Peckham, Stith T. Gower, Charles H. Perry, Barry T. Wilson, Kirk M. Stueve Jan 2013

Modeling Harvest And Biomass Removal Effects On The Forest Carbon Balance Of The Midwest, Usa, Scott D. Peckham, Stith T. Gower, Charles H. Perry, Barry T. Wilson, Kirk M. Stueve

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to use an ecosystem process model, Biome-BGC, to explore the effects of different harvest scenarios on major components of the carbon budget of 205,000 km2 of temperate forest in the Upper Midwest region of the U.S. We simulated seven harvest scenarios varying the (i) amount of harvest residue retained, (ii) total harvest area, and (iii) harvest type (clear-cut and selective) to assess the potential impacts on net biome production (NBP), net primary production (NPP), and total vegetation carbon. NBP was positive (C sink) in year 1 (2004) and generally decreased over the 50-year …

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Decomposition And Nitrogen Dynamics Of 15n‑Labeled Leaf, Root, And Twig Litter In Temperate Coniferous Forests, Tiff L. Van Huysen, Mark E. Harmon, Steven S. Perakis, Hua Chen Jan 2013

Decomposition And Nitrogen Dynamics Of 15n‑Labeled Leaf, Root, And Twig Litter In Temperate Coniferous Forests, Tiff L. Van Huysen, Mark E. Harmon, Steven S. Perakis, Hua Chen

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Litter nutrient dynamics contribute significantly to biogeochemical cycling in forest ecosystems. We examined how site environment and initial substrate quality influence decomposition and nitrogen (N) dynamics of multiple litter types. A 2.5-year decomposition study was installed in the Oregon Coast Range and West Cascades using 15N-labeled litter from Acer macrophyllum, Picea sitchensis, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Mass loss for leaf litter was similar between the two sites, while root and twig litter exhibited greater mass loss in the Coast Range. Mass loss was greatest from leaves and roots, and species differences in mass loss were more prominent in …

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Development History And Bibliography Of The U.S. Forest Service Crown-Condition Indicator For Forest Health Monitoring, Kadonna C. Randolph Jan 2013

Development History And Bibliography Of The U.S. Forest Service Crown-Condition Indicator For Forest Health Monitoring, Kadonna C. Randolph

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Comprehensive assessment of individualtree crown condition by the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program has its origins in the concerns about widespread forest decline in Europe and North America that developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Programs such as the US National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, US National Vegetation Survey, Canadian Acid Rain National Early Warning System, and joint US– Canadian North American Sugar Maple Decline Project laid the groundwork for the development of the US Forest Service crown-condition indicator. The crown-condition assessment protocols were selected and refined through literature review, peer …

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Comparison Of Bird Community Indices For Riparian Restoration Planning And Monitoring, Jock S. Young, Elisabeth M. Ammon, Peter J. Weisberg, Thomas E. Dilts, Wesley E. Newton, Diane C. Wong-Kone, Lisa G. Heki Jan 2013

Comparison Of Bird Community Indices For Riparian Restoration Planning And Monitoring, Jock S. Young, Elisabeth M. Ammon, Peter J. Weisberg, Thomas E. Dilts, Wesley E. Newton, Diane C. Wong-Kone, Lisa G. Heki

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The use of a bird community index that characterizes ecosystem integrity is very attractive to conservation planners and habitat managers, particularly in the absence of any single focal species. In riparian areas of the western USA, several attempts at arriving at a community index signifying a functioning riparian bird community have been made previously, mostly resorting to expert opinions or national conservation rankings for species weights. Because extensive local and regional bird monitoring data were available for Nevada, we were able to develop three different indices that were derived empirically, rather than from expert opinion. We formally examined the use …

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Riparian Vegetation Communities Change Rapidly Following Passive Restoration At A Northern Utah Stream, Nate Hough-Snee, Brett B. Roper, Joseph M. Wheaton, Phaedra Budy, Ryan L. Lokteff Jan 2013

Riparian Vegetation Communities Change Rapidly Following Passive Restoration At A Northern Utah Stream, Nate Hough-Snee, Brett B. Roper, Joseph M. Wheaton, Phaedra Budy, Ryan L. Lokteff

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Riparian vegetation may recover quickly from disturbance when the disturbance vector is removed or reduced. Grazing is a disturbance that removes plant biomass through herbivory, while overgrazing is a more severe disturbance that can deplete plant propagule pools and inhibit plant community recovery. We tested the hypothesis that riparian vegetation communities can shift quickly from ruderal grasslands to hydrophytic shrubs and graminoids when grazing is largely eliminated from riparian areas. We used a before-after-control study design to collect vegetation community data at six restored reaches and two grazed control reaches prior to and immediately following the construction of a cattle …

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Songbird Abundance In Native And Planted Grassland Varies With Type And Amount Of Grassland In The Surrounding Landscape, Stephen K. Davis, Ryan J. Fisher, Susan L. Skinner, Terry L. Shaffer, R. Mark Brigham Jan 2013

Songbird Abundance In Native And Planted Grassland Varies With Type And Amount Of Grassland In The Surrounding Landscape, Stephen K. Davis, Ryan J. Fisher, Susan L. Skinner, Terry L. Shaffer, R. Mark Brigham

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Agriculture and wildlife conservation programs have converted vast amounts of cropland into grasslands planted with exotic species. Understanding how landscape context influences avian use of native and planted grasslands is essential for developing effective conservation strategies in agricultural landscapes. Our primary objective was to determine the extent to which the amount and type of grassland in the surrounding landscape influences the abundance of grassland songbird species on native and planted grassland parcels in southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. Bird abundance was more strongly influenced by the amount and type of grassland within 400 m of breeding parcels than at larger …

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Small Geographic Range But Not Panmictic: How Forests Structure The Endangered Point Arena Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia Rufa Nigra), William J. Zielinski, Fredrick V. Schlexer, Sean A. Parks, Kristine L. Pilgrim, Michael K. Schwartz Jan 2013

Small Geographic Range But Not Panmictic: How Forests Structure The Endangered Point Arena Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia Rufa Nigra), William J. Zielinski, Fredrick V. Schlexer, Sean A. Parks, Kristine L. Pilgrim, Michael K. Schwartz

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The landscape genetics framework is typically applied to broad regions that occupy only small portions of a species’ range. Rarely is the entire range of a taxon the subject of study. We examined the landscape genetic structure of the endangered Point Arena mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa nigra), whose isolated geographic range is found in a restricted (85 km2) but heterogenous region in California. Based on its diminutive range we may predict widespread gene flow and a relatively weak role for landscape variation in defining genetic structure. We used skin, bone, tissue and noninvasively collected hair samples …

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Bird Response To Fire Severity And Repeated Burning In Upland Hardwood Forest, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Thomas A. Waldrop, Joseph Tomcho, Ross J. Phillips, Dean Simon Jan 2013

Bird Response To Fire Severity And Repeated Burning In Upland Hardwood Forest, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Thomas A. Waldrop, Joseph Tomcho, Ross J. Phillips, Dean Simon

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Prescribed burning is a common management tool for upland hardwood forests, with wildlife habitat improvement an often cited goal. Fire management for wildlife conservation requires understanding how species respond to burning at different frequencies, severities, and over time. In an earlier study, we experimentally assessed how breeding bird communities and species responded to fuel reduction treatments by mechanical understory reduction, low-severity prescribed fires, or mechanical understory reduction followed a year later by high-severity prescribed fires in upland hardwood forest. Here, we assess longer-term response to the initial mechanical treatment (M), and a second low-intensity burn in twice burned (B2) and …

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Global Neuroaids Roundtable, Jeymohan Joseph, Cristian L. Achim, Michael J. Boivin, Bruce J. Brew, David B. Clifford, Deborah A. Colosi, Ronald J. Ellis, Robert K. Heaton, Amadou Gallo-Diop, Igor Grant, Georgette Kanmogne, Mahendra Kumar, Scott Letendre, Thomas D. Marcotte, Avindra Nath, Carlos A. Pardo, Robert H. Paul, Lynn Pulliam, Kevin Robertson, Walter Royal Iii, Ned Sacktor, Pasiri Sithinamsuwan, Davey M. Smith, Victor Valcour, Brian Wigdahl, Charles Wood Jan 2013

Global Neuroaids Roundtable, Jeymohan Joseph, Cristian L. Achim, Michael J. Boivin, Bruce J. Brew, David B. Clifford, Deborah A. Colosi, Ronald J. Ellis, Robert K. Heaton, Amadou Gallo-Diop, Igor Grant, Georgette Kanmogne, Mahendra Kumar, Scott Letendre, Thomas D. Marcotte, Avindra Nath, Carlos A. Pardo, Robert H. Paul, Lynn Pulliam, Kevin Robertson, Walter Royal Iii, Ned Sacktor, Pasiri Sithinamsuwan, Davey M. Smith, Victor Valcour, Brian Wigdahl, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

In May 2012, the Division of AIDS Research at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) organized the “Global NeuroAIDS Roundtable” in conjunction with the 11th International Symposium on Neurovirology and the 2012 Conference on HIV in the Nervous System. The meeting was held in New York, NY, USA and brought together NIMH-funded investigators who are currently working on projects related to the neurological complications of AIDS (NeuroAIDS) in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America in order to provide an opportunity to share their recent findings and discuss the challenges encountered within each country. The major goals of the …

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Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Content And Stabilization In Mid-Rotation, Intensively Managed Sweetgum And Loblolly Pine Stands, Kurt H. Johnson, Lisa J. Samuelson, Felipe G. Sanchez, Robert J. Eaton Jan 2013

Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Content And Stabilization In Mid-Rotation, Intensively Managed Sweetgum And Loblolly Pine Stands, Kurt H. Johnson, Lisa J. Samuelson, Felipe G. Sanchez, Robert J. Eaton

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Intensive forestry has resulted in considerable increases in aboveground stand productivity including foliar and belowground biomass which are the primary sources of soil organic matter. Soil organic matter is important for the maintenance of soil physical, chemical and biological quality. Additionally, sequestering carbon (C) in soils may provide a means of mitigating increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. In this study, we examined soil C and nitrogen (N) contents and stabilization in 12-year-old, intensively managed sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands. The treatments examined include: (1) complete weed control; (2) weed control plus drip irrigation; (3) …

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Improving Species Occupancy Estimation When Sampling Violates The Closure Assumption, Clint R.V. Otto, Larissa L. Bailey, Gary J. Roloff Jan 2013

Improving Species Occupancy Estimation When Sampling Violates The Closure Assumption, Clint R.V. Otto, Larissa L. Bailey, Gary J. Roloff

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Site occupancy models that account for imperfect detection of species are increasingly utilized in ecological research and wildlife monitoring. Occupancy models require replicate surveys to estimate detection probability over a time period where the occupancy status at sampled sites is assumed closed. Unlike mark – recapture models, few studies have examined how violations of closure can bias occupancy estimates. Our study design allowed us to diff erentiate among two processes that violate the closure assumption during a sampling season: 1) repeated destructive sampling events that result in either shortor long-term site avoidance by the target species and 2) sampling occurring …

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Interactions Between An Injected Polydnavirus And Per Os Baculovirus In Gypsy Moth Larvae, V. D'Amico, J.D. Podgwaite, R. Zerillo, P. Taylor, R. Fuester Jan 2013

Interactions Between An Injected Polydnavirus And Per Os Baculovirus In Gypsy Moth Larvae, V. D'Amico, J.D. Podgwaite, R. Zerillo, P. Taylor, R. Fuester

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Larval gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae) were co-infected with the L. dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) and the Cotesia melanoscela (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) polydnavirus (CmeBV). CmeBV was given along with a parasitoid egg and calyx products in a stinging event, or in the form of an injection of calyx-derived extract. LdMNPV was delivered per os, integrated into artificial diet. Mortality from all sources was recorded over the subsequent three-week period. Neither parasitism nor injections of purified CmeBV with toxin had any effect on the amount of mortality caused by concurrent challenges with LdMNPV.

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Towards Defining The Chloroviruses: A Genomic Journey Through A Genus Of Large Dna Viruses, Adrien Jeanniard, David D. Dunigan, James Gurnon, Irina V. Agarkova, Ming Kang, Jason Vitek, Garry Duncan, O William Mcclung, Megan Larsen, Jean-Michel Claverie, James L. Van Etten, Guillaume Blanc Jan 2013

Towards Defining The Chloroviruses: A Genomic Journey Through A Genus Of Large Dna Viruses, Adrien Jeanniard, David D. Dunigan, James Gurnon, Irina V. Agarkova, Ming Kang, Jason Vitek, Garry Duncan, O William Mcclung, Megan Larsen, Jean-Michel Claverie, James L. Van Etten, Guillaume Blanc

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background: Giant viruses in the genus Chlorovirus (family Phycodnaviridae) infect eukaryotic green microalgae. The prototype member of the genus, Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1, was sequenced more than 15 years ago, and to date there are only 6 fully sequenced chloroviruses in public databases. Presented here are the draft genome sequences of 35 additional chloroviruses (287 – 348 Kb/319 – 381 predicted protein encoding genes) collected across the globe; they infect one of three different green algal species. These new data allowed us to analyze the genomic landscape of 41 chloroviruses, which revealed some remarkable features about these viruses. …

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Evaluation Of Higher Plant Virus Resistance Genes In The Green Alga, Chlorella Variabilis Nc64a, During The Early Phase Of Infection With Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella Virus-1, Janet M. Rowe, David D. Dunigan, Guillaume Blanc, James R. Gurnon, Yuannan Xia, James L. Van Etten Jan 2013

Evaluation Of Higher Plant Virus Resistance Genes In The Green Alga, Chlorella Variabilis Nc64a, During The Early Phase Of Infection With Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella Virus-1, Janet M. Rowe, David D. Dunigan, Guillaume Blanc, James R. Gurnon, Yuannan Xia, James L. Van Etten

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

With growing industrial interest in algae plus their critical roles in aquatic systems, the need to understand the effects of algal pathogens is increasing. We examined a model algal host–virus system, Chlorella variabilis NC64A and virus, PBCV-1. C. variabilis encodes 375 homologs to genes involved in RNA silencing and in response to virus infection in higher plants. Illumina RNA-Seq data showed that 325 of these homologs were expressed in healthy and early PBCV-1 infected (≤60 min) cells. For each of the RNA silencing genes to which homologs were found, mRNA transcripts were detected in healthy and infected cells. C. variabilis …

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Relationships Between Climate, Radial Growth And Wood Properties Of Mature Loblolly Pine In Hawaii And A Northern And Southern Site In The Southeastern United States, Lisa J. Samuelson, Thomas L. Eberhardt, Stan M. Bartkowiak, Kurt H. Johnson Jan 2013

Relationships Between Climate, Radial Growth And Wood Properties Of Mature Loblolly Pine In Hawaii And A Northern And Southern Site In The Southeastern United States, Lisa J. Samuelson, Thomas L. Eberhardt, Stan M. Bartkowiak, Kurt H. Johnson

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Production rates of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in favorable exotic environments indicate that full biological expression of growth potential in loblolly pine has not yet been attained in its native range. In previous work, high productivity in a loblolly pine plantation in Hawaii (HI) was hypothesized to be related to a more favorable climate conducive to year round carbon gain. To better understand the role of climate in limiting loblolly pine growth, relationships between radial growth and climate were examined in mature loblolly pine grown on two sites representing the opposite latitudinal ends of its ecological niche, Mississippi (MS) …

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Human Ubc9 Is Involved In Intracellular Hiv-1 Env Stability After Trafficking Out Of The Trans-Golgi Network In A Gag Dependent Manner, Christopher R. Bohl, Levon G. Abrahamyan, Charles Wood Jan 2013

Human Ubc9 Is Involved In Intracellular Hiv-1 Env Stability After Trafficking Out Of The Trans-Golgi Network In A Gag Dependent Manner, Christopher R. Bohl, Levon G. Abrahamyan, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The cellular E2 Sumo conjugase, Ubc9 interacts with HIV-1 Gag, and is important for the assembly of infectious HIV-1 virions. In the previous study we demonstrated that in the absence of Ubc9, a defect in virion assembly was associated with decreased levels of mature intracellular Envelope (Env) that affected Env incorporation into virions and virion infectivity. We have further characterized the effect of Ubc9 knockdown on HIV Env processing and assembly. We found that gp160 stability in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its trafficking to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) were unaffected, indicating that the decreased intracellular mature Env levels in …

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Hiv-1 Env C2-V4 Diversification In A Slow-Progressor Infant Reveals A Flat But Rugged Fitness Landscape, S. Abigail Smith, Charles Wood, John T. West Jan 2013

Hiv-1 Env C2-V4 Diversification In A Slow-Progressor Infant Reveals A Flat But Rugged Fitness Landscape, S. Abigail Smith, Charles Wood, John T. West

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) fitness has been associated with virus entry, a process mediated by the envelope glycoprotein (Env). We previously described Env genetic diversification in a Zambian, subtype C infected, slow-progressor child (1157i) in parallel with an evolving neutralizing antibody response. Because of the role the Variable-3 loop (V3) plays in transmission, cell tropism, neutralization sensitivity, and fitness, longitudinally isolated 1157i C2-V4 alleles were cloned into HIV-1NL4-3-eGFP and -DsRed2 infectious molecular clones. The fluorescent reporters allowed for dual-infection competitions between all patient-derived C2-V4 chimeras to quantify the effect of V3 diversification and selection on fitness. ‘Winners’ …

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Structure Of N-Linked Oligosaccharides Attached To Chlorovirus Pbcv-1 Major Capsid Protein Reveals Unusual Class Of Complex N-Glycans, Cristina De Castro, Antonio Molinaro, Francesco Piacente, James R. Gurnon, Luisa Sturiale, Angelo Palmigiano, Rosa Lanzetta, Michelangelo Parrilli, Domenico Garozzo, Michela G. Tonetti, James L. Van Etten Jan 2013

Structure Of N-Linked Oligosaccharides Attached To Chlorovirus Pbcv-1 Major Capsid Protein Reveals Unusual Class Of Complex N-Glycans, Cristina De Castro, Antonio Molinaro, Francesco Piacente, James R. Gurnon, Luisa Sturiale, Angelo Palmigiano, Rosa Lanzetta, Michelangelo Parrilli, Domenico Garozzo, Michela G. Tonetti, James L. Van Etten

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The major capsid protein Vp54 from the prototype chlorovirus Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1) contains four Asnlinked glycans. The structure of the four N-linked oligosaccharides and the type of substitution at each glycosylation site was determined by chemical, spectroscopic, and spectrometric analyses. Vp54 glycosylation is unusual in many ways, including: (i) unlike most viruses, PBCV-1 encodes most, if not all, of the machinery to glycosylate its major capsid protein; (ii) the glycans are attached to the protein by a β-glucose linkage; (iii) the Asn-linked glycans are not located in a typical N-X-(T/S) consensus site; and (iv) the process probably …

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Supporting Diversity In Science Through Social Networking, Giovanna Guerrero-Medina, Monica Feliu-Mojer, Wilson Gonzalez-Espada, Greetchen Diaz-Munoz, Marcos Lopez, Samuel L. Diaz-Munoz, Yaihara Fortis-Santiago, Jacqueline Flores-Otero, David Craig, Daniel A. Colon-Ramos Jan 2013

Supporting Diversity In Science Through Social Networking, Giovanna Guerrero-Medina, Monica Feliu-Mojer, Wilson Gonzalez-Espada, Greetchen Diaz-Munoz, Marcos Lopez, Samuel L. Diaz-Munoz, Yaihara Fortis-Santiago, Jacqueline Flores-Otero, David Craig, Daniel A. Colon-Ramos

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Science is disproportionately produced at research centers within a few select regions [1,2]. This distribution contributes to ‘‘brain drain’’—the cultural and geographical separation of researchers from their communities of origin [3]. In places lacking research centers, brain drain precludes achieving a critical mass of scientific expertise and the development of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Displaced scientists gradually become disconnected from their home communities and colleagues, presenting a challenge to maintaining research collaborations that could benefit their communities of origin. Insidiously, dispersion also presents socio-cognitive challenges to scientists who see themselves as underrepresented in the larger culture of science …

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