Digital Commons Network^™

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Biological And Computational Study For Some Metal Ions Complexes With Schiff - Mannich Base Ligand Derived From 1,3,4-Thiadiazole, Israa Rasheed Ghadhban, Shaymaa R. Baqer

Baghdad Science Journal

A new Schiff–Mannich base ligand derived from 1,3,4-thiadiazole was synthesized via the reaction of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole with sulfabenzamide and indoline in the presence of formaldehyde, yielding N–(4-((5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylideneamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)methylamino) phenyl thiolperoxy) benzamide (L). Six multivalent metal complexes were subsequently prepared with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III) ions. The ligand and its complexes were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR, while magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements were performed for the complexes. Infrared analysis revealed tetradentate coordination of the ligand to all metals, with octahedral geometries for most complexes and square planar geometries for …

A Waste-To-Fuel Approach: Utilizing Parkia Speciosa Peel Extract For Green Synthesis Of Zno Nanocatalyst, Nurul Zannah Siregar, Vivi Sisca, Isalmi Aziz, Wulandari Wulandari, Dicky Annas

Baghdad Science Journal

Biodiesel can be made by a transesterification reaction using a ZnO catalyst. This research aims to synthesize and characterize the ZnO catalyst and test its activity in producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil. ZnO was synthesized by the one-pot phytosynthesis method by adding petai peel (Parkia speciosa Hassk). ZnO catalyst size 42.9 nm. The resulting surface area and pore size are 7.629 m²/g and 1.693 nm, respectively. The particle size and constituent components of the ZnO catalyst are 93.21 nm with 82.3% (Zn) and 17.7% (O). FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of metal-oxide stretching at wave number 511 …

Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking, And Anticancer Activity Of Triazole-Derived Trinuclear Metal Complexes (Tat3), Eman M. Ramadthan, Khansaa Shakir Al-Nama, Ammar H. Al-Sabawi

Baghdad Science Journal

A novel series of trinuclear coordination complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) was synthesized using a triazole-based ligand, namely 4-amino-5-((bis((4-amino-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)-2H-1,2,4-triazole-3(4H)-thione, (TAT3) in an alcoholic medium. The obtained complexes were investigated using a comprehensive set of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques, including CHNS elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H and ¹³C-NMR), mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and molar conductivity. Structural and surface morphology assessments were further carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The spectroscopic and analytical data confirmed that …

Study The Density Dependence Of Nuclear Matter Properties In Some Magnesium Isotopes, Huda Abdul Jabbar Hussein, Wasan Z. Majeed

Baghdad Science Journal

In this study, the symmetry energy, neutron pressure, and incompressibility modulus for the magnesium isotope ^20–35Mg are investigated using the Coherent Density Fluctuation Model (CDFM). In order to make the transition from infinite nuclear matter properties to finite nuclei, the weight functions |f(x)|² are calculated. The results showed a nonlinear relationship between the symmetry energy and the thickness of the neutron skin (ΔR_n), where ΔR_n initially increases as the symmetry energy rises, reaching a maximum, and then gradually drops with further increases in symmetry energy. Furthermore, the incompressibility coefficient and neutron pressure demonstrated irregular trends, …

Use Of Single Particle Level From Experimental Data To Find Level Density Pre-Equilibrium Region Of Nuclear Reactions Reaction, Tibba Hassan Madhi, Ali Dawoud Salloum

Baghdad Science Journal

In this study the new formula of the single particle levels was obtained using the experimental data of the level density parameter and this new formula was substituted into the four formulae of partial level density corrected for pairing these formulae are the first method, the second method (improved pairing), the third method (exact Pauli correction) and finally the fourth method or back shift energy, where the study was conducted for ⁵⁶Fe isotope. The results of each formula were compared with the results of the same formula when the single-particle levels were used from the equidistant spacing model where …

Investigation Of Radiation And Heavy Metal Hazards In Nutritional Supplements For Athletes, Sarah Amir Abdalabass, Ahmed Fadhil Mkhaiber

Baghdad Science Journal

Nutritional supplements are widely consumed worldwide. This study assesses uranium isotopes and radon concentrations in nutritional supplements using CR-39 detectors to evaluate potential radiological health risks. In addition, the concentrations of selected heavy metals were quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), The results indicated that the activity concentrations of uranium isotopes (U²³⁸, U²³⁵, and U²³⁴) were (6.07 ± 0.5 Bq/kg), (0.2 ± 0.02 Bq/kg), and (6.2 Bq/kg), respectively. The average total annual effective dose (AED) and the risk of excess fatal cancer per million population (RECFPMP) were (0.0006 ± 0.00005 mSv/y) and (2.2 ± …

A Spectral Approach To Join Based Operations On Graphs, S. Sripriya, A. Anuradha

Baghdad Science Journal

The success of Spectral Graph Theory is due to its immense applications in several fields of science and technology. The parameter `graph energy' plays a significant role in the Hückel Molecular Orbital Theory, where it is used to approximate the total π -electron energy of conjugated hydrocarbons. Several modified versions of the energy parameter have been defined by many researchers depending on the context. This study explores the spectral characteristics and energy distributions associated with selected graph operations derived from the first Zagreb, second Zagreb, and sum-connectivity matrices. When the adjacency matrix provides information only on the existence of a …

Reducing Unreliability Of Complex Systems By Numerical Optimization: A Hybrid Approach, Fouad Hamza Abd Alsharify, Ahmed Hasan Alridha, Zahir Al-Khafaji

Baghdad Science Journal

This paper investigates the effectiveness of numerical optimization techniques in enhancing the reliability of complex systems. The main objective of the study is to reduce the unreliability of complex systems by narrowing the range of component unreliability, thereby reducing the probability of system failure and achieving stability and robustness in the reliability of complex systems. The technique for this task involves formulating the problem as a multi-objective numerical optimization problem under specified constraints using Particle Swarm Optimization and Simulated Annealing algorithms, as well as a hybrid approach combining the two algorithms. The multi-objective optimization techniques were applied to a more …

A New Numerical Approach For Solving Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Differential Equations, Manoj Kumar

Baghdad Science Journal

In this paper, we present a novel numerical scheme for solving fractional-order differential equations of the form ^CFD_t^η ψ ( t ) = f( t,ψ ( t ) ),ψ ( 0 ) = ψ ₀,0 < η < 1,t∈[ 0,T ], where ^CFD_t^η denotes the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative operator. Further, we establish the stability and error analysis of the proposed scheme. We also extend this scheme for solving systems of fractional differential equations. Furthermore, we perform the several numerical simulations and present the results graphically. The obtained solutions are compared with those achieved through the well-known methods such as fractional Adams-Bashforth method and a new predictor-corrector method. It has been observed that the proposed method offers greater accuracy than these established methods. Hence, the proposed scheme can be utilized for the simulations of various fractional order differential equations, when the derivatives are considered in the Caputo-Fabrizio sense.

Optimized Fast-Learning Network Model With Smote For University Network Intrusion Detection Systems, Robert Wamusi, Guma Ali, Taban Habibu

Baghdad Science Journal

Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) tend to have a high false positive detection rate, are time-consuming to train, and lack the flexibility to react quickly to changing cyber threats, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and phishing. Such restrictions decrease the responsiveness and reliability of the IDS services implemented in the university network, both wired and wireless, at the Uganda Christian University (UCU), where network and traffic analysis have become a necessity. This study analyzes the current threat environment of networking at UCU in terms of the type, origin, and target of various attacks to identify gaps in …

Detecting Http Flood Attacks Using 2d Array Summation, Kamal Alieyan, Belal Sudqi Khater, Ayman Ghaben, Mamoun Abu Helou, Waheeb Abu-Ulbeh, Hani Iwidat

Baghdad Science Journal

One of the popular ways of attaching networks and servers is by adopting DDoS (Distributed denial of service). The preferred sector of hacking targeted are online services and networked area with high traffic. Although innovative and modern methods have been developed to mitigate these threats, there is still a need for more effective techniques to detect DDoS HTTP flooding attacks. This paper aims to address this gap by proposing an advanced mathematical approach capable of efficiently handling, processing, and detecting DDoS HTTP flooding attacks. The paper introduces a unique method based on the summation of rows and columns in a …

State Estimation In Indoor Lifi Using Markov Chains: Polar Angle Prediction And Performance Analysis, Mohanad Sarem Almothfar, Alyaa Abdulhussein Al-Joda, Hawraa H. Abbas

Baghdad Science Journal

The reliability of Light-Fidelity (LiFi)-based indoor connectivity depends directly on the device orientation and the non-isotropic nature of the optical wireless communication (OWC) channel. In an actual indoor OWC system, the link quality varies significantly with the receiving orientation of the user equipment (UE). During deep-learning-based tracking, this variability imposes considerable computational overhead on resource-constrained IoT microcontrollers when estimating the user's position and orientation. To solve this problem, we employed a discrete Markov Chain estimator to calculate transition probabilities over 3 × 3 m and 5 × 5 m grids. The simulation and experimental results show that the higher the …

The Dynamic Interplay Between Agency Costs And Whistleblowing: Evidence From West African Banks, Titilayo Moromoke Oladejo Dr.

Arab Economic and Business Journal

Agency issues have been a significant issue of governance in banks, particularly in the emerging economies where information asymmetry and ineffective monitoring mechanisms allow managerial opportunism. In West Africa, banking crises are common and are associated with excessive insider lending, ineffective board supervision and internal controls, which highlights the importance of more effective governance mechanisms. This paper examines the two-way relationship between the agency costs (AGC) and whistleblowing (WBH) in listed banks in Nigeria and Ghana. The analysis is based on panel data from 2017-2024 and a two-step System GMM, which adjusts the endogeneity and dynamic effects and estimates the …

Strength Training And Body Image Among Middle-Aged Women In Malaysia: A Narrative Review Using The Health Belief Model, Jasveen K.G. Singh, Nisha Nambiar

Journal of Health Research

Background: Middle-aged women (aged 40-60) in Malaysia face health concerns due to psychological changes, sociocultural impacts, and hormonal shifts as they age. This study aimed to uncover which aspects of strength training programs enable middle-aged women to better manage their health concerns in Malaysia.

Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we utilized the health belief model (HBM) framework to understand how training programs affect the health of middle-aged women worldwide. We focused on women in Malaysia and the unique cultural barriers they experience. Sources were selected from 2010 to 2025.

Results: We selected 22 studies within Malaysia to highlight the impacts …

Mother Jennie Katherine Cox

African American Funeral Programs

Program for the funeral of Mother Jennie Katherine Cox, held at State Temple Church of God in Christ.

Borderline Personality Disorder (Bpd) And Witness Memory: A Beginner’S Guide For Criminal Justice, Forensic Mental Health, And Legal Professionals, Jerrod Brown Ph.D., M.A., M.S., M.S., M.S.

Forensic Scholars Today

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with emotional instability, impulsivity, interpersonal difficulties, identity disturbance, and stress-related dissociative symptoms that may influence cognitive functioning. Research suggests that BPD may contribute to difficulties with attention, executive functioning, and memory, particularly during periods of emotional distress. These issues, combined with common co-occurring conditions such as trauma exposure, substance use disorders, and sleep disturbances, may affect the encoding, storage, retrieval, and recall of information. This article examines current literature on BPD and discusses how symptoms and associated factors could influence witness memory in forensic and legal settings. Because findings remain mixed, the presence of …

Members’ Meeting And Closing Ceremonies, The Mythopoeic Society

Mythcon

While the Members’ Meeting portion of Mythcon will be of interest primarily to members of the Mythopoeic Society, all conference participants are welcome to attend. Led by the Mythopoeic Society Stewards, the meeting will announce and discuss timely and necessary Society topics. Following the meeting, we will host our traditional leave-taking closing ceremonies that feature singing songs dear to Mythcon regulars. Words and music at: https://mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-closing-songs.htm

Members’ Meeting/Closing Ceremonies will be held Monday morning,at 11am in the Event Center.

Visit With Joe R. Christopher, Leslie A. Donovan

Mythcon

In this session, our Scholar Guest of Honor, Joe R. Christopher, will be on hand to informally visit with anyone who wants to hear more about his 50+ years of scholarship on C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, fantasy literature, and mythopoeic scholarship. Joe will also sign copies of his new essay collection, In Plain Sight Behind a Wardrobe Door: Essays on C.S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia and, we hope, share some stories about not only his career as an early mythopoeic scholar but also about past Mythcons!

A Charles Williams Diptych: G. M. Hopkins And T. S. Eliot, Eric Rauscher

Mythcon

This presentation consists of two short papers touching upon an interest of mine in the development of Williams' poetry.  In the first paper about Hopkins I argue for a direct influence that played a role in the transition from Williams' early poetry to his late Arthurian poems.  The second paper dealing with Eliot tangentially addresses a similar influence, but in a much more nuanced fashion. Here I am only offering hints. I am quite sure there are many other avenues of study for the transformation from his early poetry to his later mature style which is a poetically complex style …

Consumer Prioritization Of Revenue Generation Strategies In College Football Programs, Nels Popp, Chris Greenwell

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Collegiate athletic departments face increasing financial pressures, making it vital to identify revenue generation strategies that align with fan preferences for sustainable growth. This study explores how various methods, including corporate logos on uniforms, increasing game-day costs, and accepting loans from private investors, are ranked by consumers in terms of their acceptability and potential impact on fan experience. Guided by prospect theory, we hypothesize fans prefer strategies seen as gains rather than losses and fan identification influences these preferences. Results from rank-ordered surveys of 7,110 respondents reveal that strategies enhancing program visibility without direct financial impact, such as corporate logos, …

“It’S Its Own Toxic”: Occupational Opportunities And Barriers For Lgbq+ Collegiate Athletic Administrators, Colleen S. O'Connell, Michelle E. Moosbrugger, Jill Kochanek, Elizabeth M. Mullin

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Athletic administrators hold positions of influence within intercollegiate sport, yet their experiences, especially in relation to sexual identity, remain underexamined. The purpose of this study was to explore the occupational experiences and environments of LGBQ+ intercollegiate athletic administrators using a narrative inquiry qualitative design. Sixteen administrators, who occupied various positions across all NCAA levels, were interviewed. Guided by Sexual Stigma and Prejudice Theory and Poststructuralism Theory, collected data were analyzed at the semantic and latent levels using reflexive thematic analysis. Two distinct themes were generated: LGBQ+ administrators described both positive and negative aspects of their workplaces. Inclusive environments were committed …

Are Book Clubs The New Discussion Groups?, Megan B. Abrahamson, Dusty Brooks, Grace Moone

Mythcon

Mythprint used to publish Discussion Group reports pretty regularly, and the Discussion Group model was a great way for local Inklings fans to find each other. How has technology and changing social mores (especially post-COVID) altered how we do "Discussion Groups"? Is the difference between a Book Club and a Discussion Group just down to whether we submit a report to Mythprint, or are there other elements we need to bring back? Attend this panel if you want to get or give advice about running your own mythopoeic Book Club or Discussion Group!

Boundary Crossings: Charles Williams And Bruce Cockburn As Grim Traveling Companions, John Mabry

Mythcon

This paper explores the deep influence of Charles Williams on the lyrics of singer-songwriter Bruce Cockburn, one of the few Christian rock musicians to enjoy mainstream success. Both artists suffer “outsider” status in Christian culture because they regularly cross the boundaries of what is considered “acceptable” Christianity, both in terms of their personal lives and their theologies. Yet their work profoundly depicts crossings between the mundane and spiritual worlds, to the point of denying such boundaries exist at all. In his doctrine of co-inherence, Williams denies ontological separateness, a theme echoed repeatedly in Cockburn’s lyrics. This is more than just …

Behavioral Analysis Of Cryptoprocta Ferox At The Central Florida Zoo And Botanical Gardens, Rita R. Albert

The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal

The fossa, Cryptoprocta ferox, is the largest carnivorous mammal endemic to the island of Madagascar. C. ferox is currently listed as a vulnerable species by the IUCN Red List (2015) due to deforestation. Most fossas are now located in zoos for breeding and repopulation purposes, but research on captive mating has been limited due to the low numbers of successful breeding attempts in captivity. The Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens is home to two fossas, one male and one newly introduced female. This study notes behavioral changes in captive mating fossas, with a focus on the male fossa …

Healthcare Or Gold? Comparative Safe-Haven Dynamics During The Covid-19 Market Crisis, Stephen Omoya

Critical Letters in Economics & Finance

This paper examines whether the US healthcare sector serves as a reliable defensive equity investment during periods of severe macroeconomic stress. Grounded in the Flight-to-Safety market phenomenon. The study investigates how extreme market uncertainty prompts capital reallocation into safer assets. Using daily data from LSEG Workspace for the Vanguard Health Care ETF (VHT), Gold, and the S&P 500, the research analyses a 25-month window from March 31, 2020, to May 31, 2022, yielding 567 observations. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) was implemented to measure short-term market risk (β), while the Engle-Granger methodology tested for a long-run relationship between VHT …

A Pedagogical “Eras” Tour: Thirteen Years Of Evolving As A Writing Methods Instructor [Special Issue], Susanna Benko

Teaching/Writing: The Journal of Writing Teacher Education

ABSTRACT: This reflective essay uses Taylor Swift's Eras Tour as a conceptual framework for examining thirteen years of teaching a writing methods course for preservice teachers. Drawing on longitudinal reflection, I identify four distinct pedagogical eras in my practice, each representing shifts in how I conceptualize what preservice teachers need to learn about teaching writing and how clinical experiences shape that learning. Through this extended reflection, I argue that meaningful pedagogical change becomes visible only across time, not semester-to-semester. Key insights include the sustained centrality of writing practice in methods courses and the influence of institutional changes on course design. …

"We Can't Shut The Classroom Door": Crossing Borderlands Of Practice In The Writing Methods Course, Vanessa C. Sullivan

Teaching/Writing: The Journal of Writing Teacher Education

This article shares the findings of a qualitative study that engaged ten writing teacher educators from across the United States in interviews, curriculum submission, and a mapping practice to explore the ways that they perceive and enact the teaching of the writing methods course within dynamic and complex settings. Using a conceptual framework of borderlands of practice to gain insight into the discourses and value systems that surround the course, findings revealed the overlapping domains that impact the preparation of teachers in the field of writing, the key values that guide the way that participants approach their teaching, and the …

Teaching (In) Community: Reflection And Relationship In The Writing Methods Course, Kristie Jolley, Emily Stephens Kasper, Meridith Reed

Teaching/Writing: The Journal of Writing Teacher Education

In this article, three writing teachers, one a writing teacher educator, reflect on how the writing methods course has shaped their work as teachers and helped them build community and identify resources to adapt to new teaching contexts and challenges.

Our Journeys As Teachers Of Writing: Learning From Our Mentor, Tracey T. Flores, Cecilia Espinosa

Teaching/Writing: The Journal of Writing Teacher Education

Written in two voices, we reflect on our journeys as teachers of writing and teacher educators shaped by transformative mentoring in literacy methods courses at Arizona State University and community embedded learning at William T. Machan School. Weaving together sociocultural and translanguaging theories, we explore how being invited to write from our lives reshaped our identities as writers and educators. In our work, we draw on strength-based approaches to teaching writers that centers voice, meaning making, multilingualism, and funds of knowledge. In the midst of an increase in the use of a scripted curriculum, we argue for reclaiming writing as …

Writing Workshop Methods Course As Catalysts For Long-Term Pedagogical Identity: A Co-Authored Narrative Of Resonance, Resilience, And Effects, Elsie L. Olan Dr., M.Priscilla Develder

Teaching/Writing: The Journal of Writing Teacher Education

Writing workshop methods courses introduce teachers to foundational practices for teaching writing, yet their long-term influence on teacher identity and instructional decision-making often remains underexamined. This co-authored narrative explores how experiences within a graduate-level writing workshop shaped the pedagogical development of two educators: a professor who designed and facilitated the course and a former graduate student who went on to teach English Language Arts (ELA) in both elementary and higher education settings. Drawing on a 60-hour shadowing experience, the narrative analyzes classroom observations, reflective writing, and dialogic exchanges to illuminate three central themes: resonance, resilience, and effects that demonstrate how …