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The Lived Self-Care Experiences Of Parents Of Children With Severe Intellectual Disabilities: A Phenomenological Study, Karen May Apr 2025

The Lived Self-Care Experiences Of Parents Of Children With Severe Intellectual Disabilities: A Phenomenological Study, Karen May

Liberty University Research Week

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand the lived self-care experiences of parents of children with severe intellectual disabilities (CWSID) who attend a special needs school accommodating children with various learning disabilities. Self-care is defined as deliberate action to control problems that lead to an improved quality of life and good health. The theory guiding this study was the transactional model of stress and coping theory. The study's central research question was, “What are the lived self-care experiences of parents of children with SID?” The qualitative phenomenological design allowed the data to be collected about the lived …

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A Comparative Analysis Of Memory Loss And Cognitive Decline In The Workplace: U.S. Vs. South Korea & Other Countries And The Role Of Hr, Chidubem Xerona Nnajiofor Apr 2025

A Comparative Analysis Of Memory Loss And Cognitive Decline In The Workplace: U.S. Vs. South Korea & Other Countries And The Role Of Hr, Chidubem Xerona Nnajiofor

Liberty University Research Week

HR strategies that incorporate cognitive health initiatives, inspired by successful models from South Korea, Europe, and Japan, can mitigate cognitive decline in the workplace and improve productivity among aging employees in the U.S. I aim to answer the research question: How do workplace health policies in South Korea, Europe, and Japan address cognitive decline, and what can the U.S. learn from them? This research explores how HR policies in these countries address cognitive decline in the workplace. By analyzing the effectiveness of workplace health initiatives, cognitive enrichment programs, and nutritional policies, this study aims to propose HR strategies that can …

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Teacher Attrition And Mobility In Public Schools In Rural America: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology Study, Lisa Dunkelberg Apr 2025

Teacher Attrition And Mobility In Public Schools In Rural America: A Hermeneutic Phenomenology Study, Lisa Dunkelberg

Liberty University Research Week

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of teachers who had previously taught at a rural public school in Northern New York State and had left those teaching positions. The problem communicated in this study was the high attrition, turnover, and mobility rates of teachers in rural public schools in the United States. The theory guiding this research is Ehrenberg and Smith’s economic labor market of supply and demand as it relates to the phenomenon of teacher attrition. The central research question of understanding the lived experiences of teachers who have left rural school districts …

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Abnormally High Prevalence Of Sciatic Nerve High Division: Potential Causes And Clinical Considerations, Caleb Smith Apr 2025

Abnormally High Prevalence Of Sciatic Nerve High Division: Potential Causes And Clinical Considerations, Caleb Smith

Liberty University Research Week

Sciatic nerve high division (SNHD) is a common anatomical variation with many clinical implications, but it is often underrecognized. This study involved the dissection of 56 limbs from 28 cadavers and revealed a 30.4% prevalence of SNHD, nearly double that reported in major meta-analyses. Among these, three cases displayed a novel variant not represented in the traditional Beaton and Anson classification system, prompting the proposal of a new subtype (1937). These findings show the importance of anatomical awareness in clinical practice, explore potential embryological and genetic causes of SNHD, and support the use of imaging techniques such as ultrasound to …

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The Impact Of Counterman V. Colorado On Stalking Prosecutions In Idaho, Stephanie Wodnik Apr 2025

The Impact Of Counterman V. Colorado On Stalking Prosecutions In Idaho, Stephanie Wodnik

Idaho Law Review

This Note reflects on the recent United States Supreme Court decision in Counterman v. Colorado, which held that in order to find liability for true threat crimes the state or plaintiff must prove the defendant’s subjective intent to threaten the recipient. The holding creates a new, additional burden on the movant to prove intent, where before, the majority of state and circuit courts only required an objective, reasonable person standard to prove intent in true threat cases. Idaho, being one of the states that previously used a reasonable person standard in prosecuting true threats, is affected by this holding …

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Human Trafficking In Idaho: A Growing Issue And How Idaho Law Can Be More Effective, Blaykleigh Smythe Apr 2025

Human Trafficking In Idaho: A Growing Issue And How Idaho Law Can Be More Effective, Blaykleigh Smythe

Idaho Law Review

Human trafficking has been a national problem since the beginning of the nation’s history and has created millions of victims and threatened the safety and freedom of our country. Since 2000, when the first comprehensive federal law to address human trafficking was passed, states have followed suit and passed their own versions of trafficking statutes. Many states have also recognized the growth of the problem and reformed their legislation to respond and provide resources for victims more effectively. This article discusses the importance of state legislation against human trafficking and analyzes Idaho’s own statute in comparison to other states. The …

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We Can Protect The “Waters Of The United States” As Long As They Stay Out Of The Hydrological Cycle, Victoria Sutton Apr 2025

We Can Protect The “Waters Of The United States” As Long As They Stay Out Of The Hydrological Cycle, Victoria Sutton

Idaho Law Review

The water cycle, including its oceans, surface water, wetlands, water vapor, clouds and groundwater, has resulted in a patchwork of statutes and regulations that fail to comprehensively protect the “waters of the United States.” This is not a simple "fix," and requires Congressional positivism rather than decades of relying on the judicial branch to resolve statutes that are ultimately not designed for true water protection. It is Congress’s role to resolve the wetlands protection issue, and it has avoided the responsibility probably for lack of a good solution. It would likely take a Constitutional amendment to bring the hydrologic cycle …

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The Case Against The Business Case For Gender Quotas On Boards Of Public Companies, Raluca Papadima Apr 2025

The Case Against The Business Case For Gender Quotas On Boards Of Public Companies, Raluca Papadima

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Restoring The Public Interest Component Of The Prior Appropriation Doctrine In Conjunctive Management Of The Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer, Thomas J. Budge Apr 2025

Restoring The Public Interest Component Of The Prior Appropriation Doctrine In Conjunctive Management Of The Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer, Thomas J. Budge

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Stress And Public Criminal Defense: Comparing Male And Female Defender Experiences And Coping Strategies, Alisa M. Smith Apr 2025

Stress And Public Criminal Defense: Comparing Male And Female Defender Experiences And Coping Strategies, Alisa M. Smith

Idaho Law Review

Little research has focused on stress and coping strategies among public defenders, and none compares the experiences of male and female defenders. As frontline workers, critical to the due process of law, understanding and eradicating stress is essential to their well-being and the fair treatment of defendants. Employing thematic analysis of public defenders’ responses to open-ended questions, this study found gendered differences in how male and female defenders described their work motivations, challenges, and strategies for dealing with stress. Both male and female public defenders confront the stresses of injustice and heavy workloads. Female defenders, however, are more likely to …

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Interpreter Readiness For Performance Interpreting, Nina George Apr 2025

Interpreter Readiness For Performance Interpreting, Nina George

Liberty University Research Week

In theatre performances, theatres are able to provide American Sign Language (ASL) and English Interpreters to interpret the performance. However, many interpreters may not have specialized training in performance interpreting, and the skills required for effective interpretation in a theatrical setting may not be well-documented or understood. The purpose of this study is to examine the breach in specialized training for performance interpreters and to explore how the lack of formalized skills affects the quality of theatrical interpretation. The research aims to identify the specific skills needed for effective performance interpreting and assess whether current interpreter training adequately prepares individual …

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From Nil To Enrollment: How Nil Agreements Shape College Choices For Top Men’S Basketball And Football Prospects, Will Trantham, Kate Wilson, Grace Shaw, Bruna Gebaili Sampaio Apr 2025

From Nil To Enrollment: How Nil Agreements Shape College Choices For Top Men’S Basketball And Football Prospects, Will Trantham, Kate Wilson, Grace Shaw, Bruna Gebaili Sampaio

Liberty University Research Week

This study deeply examines how NIL deals have impacted the chosen University of attendance for 5-star men’s basketball and football athletes. The recruitment of high-profile athletes to universities across the country has been greatly altered with the addition of NIL to the college landscape. The process of reaching a conclusion on where to attend school seems to have greatly changed from academic prowess and facilities to guaranteed money and personal brand exposure. Through this study, we will be conducting in depth Zoom interviews with former recruits that are now currently attending college. We will then use those gathered responses and …

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Effects Of Tens On Chronic Lower Back Pain In The General Population: A Critically Appraised Topic, Mia Bowers, David Titcomb, Mary-Ashlynne Gordon Apr 2025

Effects Of Tens On Chronic Lower Back Pain In The General Population: A Critically Appraised Topic, Mia Bowers, David Titcomb, Mary-Ashlynne Gordon

Liberty University Research Week

Clinical scenario: Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) affects approximately 70% of the population today.1 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is often used for pain management of CLBP along with other treatments. However, the effect of TENS by itself is inconclusive. Clinical question: In the general population, what are the effects of TENS on chronic lower back pain? Summary of Key Findings: Patients that received TENS reported a decrease in perceived pain levels. Clinical bottom line: TENS was effective in the immediate pain relief of CLBP at a carrier frequency of 4KHz and an amplitude-modulation frequency of 100Hz. Additionally, it showed …

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Infant Mortality In The Democratic Republic Of Congo: Public Health And Theological Perspectives, Samy Tshileu Apr 2025

Infant Mortality In The Democratic Republic Of Congo: Public Health And Theological Perspectives, Samy Tshileu

Liberty University Research Week

Infant mortality remains a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in lower and middle-income regions such as Africa. Despite several global initiatives aimed at reducing infant mortality, it continues to disproportionately affect these regions, with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) being one of the countries with the highest rates. According to the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation1, DRC ranks among the top ten countries worldwide in terms of infant mortality rates, with the eastern region, particularly South Kivu, contributing significantly to this crisis. This study aims to explore the various factors contributing to infant mortality in …

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Anuran Use Of Old Lake Habitat Versus New Lake Expansion, Joshua Sorenson, Corbin Denton, Kaitlyn Hopkins, Keaton Dowdy, Matthew Becker, Paul Sattler, Rachel Weaver Apr 2025

Anuran Use Of Old Lake Habitat Versus New Lake Expansion, Joshua Sorenson, Corbin Denton, Kaitlyn Hopkins, Keaton Dowdy, Matthew Becker, Paul Sattler, Rachel Weaver

Liberty University Research Week

The enlargement of the Hydaway Lake presents amphibian species present in the lake new areas and habitats to explore and live in. This will be the first breeding season that the new portion of the lake will contain water, so this study is to look at how anurans utilize this habitat. Some species we expect to find in early spring, are the Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) and the American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus) which are very opportunistic as well as other species such as Spring Peepers and Pickerel Frogs. We hypothesize that the old habitat will have increased vocalizations and egg …

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Pediatric Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: Healthcare Provider Education, Esther Maclean Apr 2025

Pediatric Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: Healthcare Provider Education, Esther Maclean

Liberty University Research Week

This theoretical study will look at the symptoms, possible treatments, and diagnosis criteria of pediatric patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). POTS is a form of dysfunction within the autonomic nervous system. Because POTS is a nervous system disease it causes symptoms to present throughout the body. These symptoms including tachycardia, dizziness, pre-syncope, syncope, brain fog, exercise intolerance, and gastrointestinal changes. The goal of this study is to increase the provider education surrounding POTS. By increasing the provider education, it will help increase the accuracy at which POTS is diagnosed. It will help avoid incorrect diagnosis for patients who …

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Importance Of Visual Sign Language Bibles For An Unreached People Group, Ellie Fogarty, Nicolette Velasquez Apr 2025

Importance Of Visual Sign Language Bibles For An Unreached People Group, Ellie Fogarty, Nicolette Velasquez

Liberty University Research Week

An estimated 98% of the dDeaf Community has yet to embrace Christianity, due to the lack of accessible biblical resources in their native language. In 2020, Deaf Missions, an organization dedicated to evangelizing to dDeaf Communities, completed the first American Sign Language Bible (ASLV). This pivotal work provides the dDeaf American Sign Language users, with access to Scripture in their primary mode of communication. Despite its significance, research on the impact of ASLV remains limited. The researcher aims to address the research question: “What is the importance and impact of visual sign language Bibles for the dDeaf Community?” This qualitative …

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"Reasons Why Collegiate Football Athletes Enter The Transfer Portal", Sage Crane, Andrew Frasco, Okechukwu Osuji Apr 2025

"Reasons Why Collegiate Football Athletes Enter The Transfer Portal", Sage Crane, Andrew Frasco, Okechukwu Osuji

Liberty University Research Week

The increasing trend of collegiate football players entering the transfer portal has piqued significant interest in recent years, yet little is understood about the specific reasons behind these decisions. This study aims to investigate the primary factors influencing why collegiate football players decide to enter the transfer portal. The research question guiding this study is: “What are the primary factors in the reasons that collegiate football athletes enter the transfer portal?” Our hypothesis posits that there are identifiable primary factors in the reasons why collegiate football athletes enter the transfer portal. Using a probability sampling method, the study will gather …

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Second Modality Implications On The Second Language Acquisition Of Asl/English Interpreting Students, Eden Svoboda Apr 2025

Second Modality Implications On The Second Language Acquisition Of Asl/English Interpreting Students, Eden Svoboda

Liberty University Research Week

American Sign Language (ASL) takes seven years to gain fluency, meaning ASL/English interpreting (ASLI) students in four-year programs are potentially not fully prepared upon graduation. While there is barely adequate research presenting the differences in learning a second language (L2) as a new modality compared to the same modality of the first language (L1), insufficient research exists detailing the implications of these differences on ASLI students and how to compensate for them. This theoretical qualitative study is aimed at revealing the implications of learning a new modality alongside a second language (L2M2) for ASLI students in four-year programs. Quasi-structured yet …

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Investigating Infestation Of Invasive Adelges Tsugae In Local Hemlock Populations, Zachary Nelson, Emma Klein, Jordan Tennis Apr 2025

Investigating Infestation Of Invasive Adelges Tsugae In Local Hemlock Populations, Zachary Nelson, Emma Klein, Jordan Tennis

Liberty University Research Week

Background: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae) is an invasive insect from Asia, infesting hemlock trees across the eastern United States. HWA causes defoliation and eventual mortality in hemlock species. Little control exists, but continual monitoring is necessary both nationwide and in our own backyard. Methods: As an observational study, we will determine where hemlock groves exist on Liberty University’s campus. Upon arrival to a tree, we will determine infestation using previous studies and overall canopy loss using a light meter. Results: Unfortunately, we expect 90% of hemlock trees to be infested with HWA. We expect to find significant needle …

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Assessing The Impact Of Youth Sport Participation On Social Anxiety Levels Among Adolescents Ages 9-13, Caleb Weissinger, Alexandria Moore, Jonathan Edwards, Matthew Alcantar, Nathan Hamilton Apr 2025

Assessing The Impact Of Youth Sport Participation On Social Anxiety Levels Among Adolescents Ages 9-13, Caleb Weissinger, Alexandria Moore, Jonathan Edwards, Matthew Alcantar, Nathan Hamilton

Liberty University Research Week

This quantitative research proposal is designed to discover and observe any effects on the social anxiety and wellbeing of adolescents from ages 9-13 based on participation in youth sport. According to the authors of the article “What to Know About Youth Anxiety,” recent years have seen a significant rise in rates of social anxiety in this age group. The research is aimed to find out if there is correlation between the rise in youth social anxiety and the positive and negative effects that result from participating in youth sport. This study will require randomly selecting children, both male and female, …

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The Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Diathermy Compared To Therapeutic Ultrasound On Decreasing Pain Associated With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Critically Appraised Topic, Carter Zimmerman, Rhayl Danfer Gray, Robert Bonser Apr 2025

The Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Diathermy Compared To Therapeutic Ultrasound On Decreasing Pain Associated With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Critically Appraised Topic, Carter Zimmerman, Rhayl Danfer Gray, Robert Bonser

Liberty University Research Week

Clinical Scenario: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is typically more experienced in older populations and conservative treatment strategies favor ultrasound as a treatment option. In the past thermal diathermy was used more frequently as a treatment method before ultrasound was more widely administered. However, there is no conclusive evidence stating which treatment method is more beneficial. Focused Clinical Question: Is diathermy as effective or more effective as ultrasound in reducing symptoms in patients suffering with KOA? Summary of Key Findings: All three studies showed no significant difference in WOMAC scores between subjects who received diathermy compared to those who received ultrasound. One …

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To Heal A Mind: Major Depressive Disorder Treatment, Gillian Chambers Apr 2025

To Heal A Mind: Major Depressive Disorder Treatment, Gillian Chambers

Liberty University Research Week

More than 21 million Americans suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD), with the number steadily increasing year over year (NIH, 2023). The conventional treatment for this disorder is the prescription of a specific category of antidepressants, known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (Rush, 2023). This is oriented around symptom treatment, and is often a relatively benign treatment, with beneficial effects (Edinoff et al., 2021). However, there are major caveats to SSRI prescription that are often not acknowledged, carrying significant risks (Chu & Wadhwa, 2023; University of Bristol, 2022). Additionally, there are many highly-rated treatments that are more functional, oriented …

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Determining Stature Using Hand And Foot Dimensions On Understudied Ethnicities, Kati Platt, Andrew Albus, Andrew Stoltzfus Apr 2025

Determining Stature Using Hand And Foot Dimensions On Understudied Ethnicities, Kati Platt, Andrew Albus, Andrew Stoltzfus

Liberty University Research Week

Within Central America, 96% of murders go unresolved. On the contrary, only about 30% of murders go unresolved in India. Anthropometric measurements of hands and feet have been done to determine stature of a person in areas with lower unresolved murders, with less information on Hispanic ethnicities. This gap in knowledge between these two different areas and ethnicities provides the framework for this study. In many developing countries, anatomical measurements are the only source available for identification due to the cost and availability of DNA analysis. The study of anthropometry aids in the identification process. Environmental factors, lifestyle, and genetics …

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The Benefits And Concerns Of Video Remote Interpreting (Vri) For Ddeaf Patients In The Current Medical Setting In Virginia, Abigail Newman Apr 2025

The Benefits And Concerns Of Video Remote Interpreting (Vri) For Ddeaf Patients In The Current Medical Setting In Virginia, Abigail Newman

Liberty University Research Week

Since the late 1990s, video remote interpreting (VRI) for dDeaf patients has been available and used sporadically in the US medical setting. However, the COVID quarantine period produced a critical clinical situation in which the use of VRI for dDeaf patients skyrocketed throughout medical centers across the country. Several American Sign Language interpreters modified their services or switched entirely to remote interpreting, health facilities invested in handheld video devices and screens, and several commercial remote interpreting services were expanded. However, now that the COVID period has dissipated and the clinical interview setting has returned to a “norm” with few restrictions, …

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The Effects Of Bee Products Compared With Performance-Enhancing Drinks On Endurance Performance In Runners: A Critically Appraised Topic, Lauren Rohrer Apr 2025

The Effects Of Bee Products Compared With Performance-Enhancing Drinks On Endurance Performance In Runners: A Critically Appraised Topic, Lauren Rohrer

Liberty University Research Week

Clinical Scenario: Sports drinks (SPDs) are commonly used to enhance endurance performance in runners. However, these drinks contain artificial ingredients, and research has been done on the ergogenic effects of bee products as a healthier alternative to SPDs. Focused Clinical Question: In long-distance runners, what are the ergogenic effects of bee product supplementation compared to performance-enhancing drink supplementation on endurance performance? Summary of Key Findings: The authors of a high-quality study found that bee bread (BB) supplementation had a greater effect on running endurance performance than maltodextrin, while the authors of 2 lesser-quality studies found that Acacia honey drink (H) …

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The Effects Of Progressive Resistance Training On Muscular Strength In Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Critically Appraised Topic, Elizabeth Byrum, Saige Knapton Apr 2025

The Effects Of Progressive Resistance Training On Muscular Strength In Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Critically Appraised Topic, Elizabeth Byrum, Saige Knapton

Liberty University Research Week

Clinical Scenario: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a brain injury occurring during pregnancy, birth, or shortly after birth that causes stiff muscles and uncontrolled reflexes. There are currently no cures for CP, however, many therapies can aid in muscle stretching, yet disregard muscle strengthening and the prevention of atrophy. Focused Clinical Question: What are the effects of progressive resistance training on muscular strength and mobility in children with cerebral palsy? Summary of Key Findings: Progressive resistance training is best for preventing muscle atrophy and weakness due to skeletal muscle being most adaptive to mechanical load. One of the high-quality studies showed …

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Mental Health Stigma: Promoting Compassionate Care In The U.S. Healthcare System, Wuraola Awosan, Akuchinyere Onyinyechukwu Titus Okpanachi, Fredrick Olusegun Akinyosoye, Perseverance Nothando Moyo Apr 2025

Mental Health Stigma: Promoting Compassionate Care In The U.S. Healthcare System, Wuraola Awosan, Akuchinyere Onyinyechukwu Titus Okpanachi, Fredrick Olusegun Akinyosoye, Perseverance Nothando Moyo

Liberty University Research Week

Introduction/Background: Individuals with mental health disorders frequently contend with societal misconceptions regarding their conditions, leading to stigma, even within the healthcare system. Mental health stigma in the U.S. healthcare system occurs primarily at two levels: interpersonal and structural. This stigma profoundly influences the type and quality of care provided to individuals with mental health illnesses, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, delayed treatment, and reduced quality of life. This study aims to evaluate how mental health stigma manifests at both the interpersonal and structural levels in the American healthcare system. Methods: A systematic literature review approach was adopted. Literature was …

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Leadership Style: A Patient Outcome Make Or Break Of Care, Kathryn Duke Apr 2025

Leadership Style: A Patient Outcome Make Or Break Of Care, Kathryn Duke

Liberty University Research Week

Inquiry was cultivated by the immersion of Oncology patient care and dynamics within an externship and clinical experience. Observations were made regarding various team interactions, and leadership styles regarding the subsequential leadership care. It overall prompted the motivation to delve into further literature and research reviews. A PubMed systemic review journal “88% showed a positive or negative statistically significant correlation between leadership style and nurses’ job satisfaction to perform patient care. The transformational style had the greatest positive correlation in 9 out of 9 of cases” (Speechia, Cozzolino, Carini, et.al, 2021). The need for leadership transformation within the healthcare system …

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An Overview Of Ghana’S Investment Opportunities For Virginia Businesses, Benjamin Ellis Apr 2025

An Overview Of Ghana’S Investment Opportunities For Virginia Businesses, Benjamin Ellis

Liberty University Research Week

Ghana and the US have a strong history of partnership in trade and investment. While Ghana's economy is currently navigating some challenges, the country is on an overall positive trajectory of growth. To foster trade between the US and Ghana, both countries must work together to identify viable opportunities and recognize potential risks. In addition, the US and Ghana must find common ground and develop local partnerships to ensure mutually beneficial trade agreements. The purpose of this project is to identify viable investment opportunities in Ghana and begin facilitating connections between these opportunities and Virginia businesses. Specifically, Ghana has investment …

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