Digital Commons Network^™

Introduction To Sociology: Culture, Dr. Marcia Morrison Ph.D.

Open Educational Resources

Abstract

A Synthesis of Sociological Perspectives on Culture and Social Evolution This paper provides an in-depth exploration of culture as a foundational element in the study of sociology, dissecting its central components—knowledge, language, symbols, values, norms, and material objects—and their profound impact on society. Through the examination of cultural integration and diversity, the analysis foregrounds the dynamic tensions between assimilation and the preservation of subcultures, illustrating how these forces shape identities, relationships, and social cohesion in contemporary contexts. The discussion offers nuanced insights into the processes by which dominant and minority cultures interact, negotiate power, and navigate the challenges of …

The Use Of Burt’S Method In Rationalizing The Cost Of Time And Evaluating The Performance Companies: An Applied Study In State Company For Textile And Leather Industries - Hilla Textile Factory, Aqeel Jaber Kadhim

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

Burt’s method is a significant process research method that provides information that directly affects the scheduling process of complex projects and planning and monitoring their completion. As a result, it has gained notoriety among practitioners in the field of specialization and offers additional advantages through computer systems for completion. It seeks to finish the project as quickly as possible while using the resources and capabilities that are available and at the lowest feasible cost. The evaluation of the performance of companies is represented in the extent of the ability of the company’s management to evaluate the performance of its activities …

Oped: Forced Disappearances In New Mexico 2025, Jennifer Moore, Antoinette M. Sedillo Lopez, Linda Serrato

Faculty Scholarship

Immigration raids and unaccounted-for seizures of human beings are occurring in New Mexico and throughout the country, with increases in their frequency and magnitude as of June 2025. As we celebrate our Independence, every U.S. citizen should do some soul searching–to seek the soul of our nation. We call on our federal elected officials to work to ensure that enforced disappearances do not happen in our beloved country. As elected representatives and educators we demand to know where our constituents are being held and under what allegations. And we ask ICE agents to consider their actions. History did not look …

Nursing Homes As Total Institutions: Applying The Concept Of Quality Control To Improve Patient Care, Josephine A. Ruggiero

Sociology Between the Gaps: Forgotten and Neglected Topics

No abstract provided.

Introduction To Sociology: Class And Stratification, Dr. Marcia Morrison Ph.D.

Open Educational Resources

Abstract

This paper explores the intricate dynamics of class, stratification, and social inequality, emphasizing the interplay of wealth, power, and prestige in shaping individual opportunities and societal outcomes. Drawing on foundational theories from Marxist and functionalist perspectives, it examines the mechanisms by which economic and social structures reinforce or challenge class divisions. The analysis extends to the evolution of American economic disparity, particularly during the transformative 1980s, and examines policies aimed at addressing poverty, such as those articulated by Sar Levitan and the implementation of the Social Security Act. Through a nuanced discussion of cultural capital, the role of …

Organizational Culture And Work Environment As Determinats Of Teacher Motivation: A Quantitative Study In Slb, Pekalongan Regency, Nur Kholifah, Widya Kusumaningsih, Nurkolis Nurkolis

Journal of ICSAR

This study examines the influence of organizational culture and work environment on the work motivation of Special Needs School (SLB) teachers in Pekalongan Regency. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational approach, data were collected from 103 SLB teachers through a Likert-scale questionnaire. The results show that both organizational culture and work environment have significant and positive effects on teacher motivation, both partially and simultaneously. Organizational culture contributes 46% and work environment 56% to the variation in work motivation, while together they account for 58%. The highest contributions come from intrinsic motivation and the non-physical work environment. These findings emphasize the importance of …

Enhancing Thematic Learning Outcomes And Reducing Maladaptive Behaviors In Autistic Students Through The Busy Web Media, Hartini Nara, Rohmah Ageng Mursita, Ashi Thariq Jaatshiah

Journal of ICSAR

This study aims to develop Busy Web Media as a tool for thematic learning, designed to reduce maladaptive behaviours in autistic students in grade VI at Sekolah Matahari Bunda. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method in conjunction with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), the study involved expert evaluations at various stages. Media experts, content specialists, and autism experts provided their assessments, with all evaluations indicating high feasibility. Specifically, the media expert rated the product positively, emphasising its design and usability. The subject matter expert found the content highly appropriate for the curriculum, and the autism expert …

Evaluating Early Reading Challenges And Their Influence On Phonological And Linguistic Awareness In Elementary Students In Dki Jakarta, Bahrudin Bahrudin, Endang Rochyadi, Achmad Hufad, Mohammad Arif Taboer, Imas Diana Aprilia, Ranti Novianti, Salma Nadiyah

Journal of ICSAR

The purpose of this study is to determine and describe early reading difficulties (ERD) of the elementary school children in DKI Jakarta with its phonological and linguistic awareness. Adopting a descriptive quantitative design, the performance of 65 children between the ages of 7 and 11 years (2nd to 5th grades) on measures of letter identification, syllable and word reading, phonological awareness, and linguistic awareness was tested. There was a broadly variable distribution of students' reading difficulties across the three reading difficulty levels: 43% independent, 22% instructional, and 35% frustration. The overwhelming majority of the children had difficulty blending phonemes to …

Implementation Of Inclusive Education In Elementary Schools In Balikpapan City: Challenges, Solutions, And Impacts, Firman Firman, Ganjar Susilo, Tri Astuti Nur’Aini

Journal of ICSAR

The goal of implementing inclusive education in schools is to guarantee that every student, including those with special needs, receives a high-quality education. This research seeks to evaluate how inclusive education is being carried out in primary schools (SD) in Balikpapan City, with a focus on the challenges faced, solutions proposed, and the effects on student development. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. Data analysis followed Miles and Huberman's framework, involving data description, analysis, and drawing conclusions. The findings indicate that inclusive education in Balikpapan City's elementary schools holds significant potential to transform the …

Collaborative Strategies In Self-Protection Against Sexual Violence For Children With Intellectual Disabilities: Systematic Literature Review, Zulfa Rahmah Effendi, Endang Rochyadi, Budi Susetyo, Oom Sitti Homdijah

Journal of ICSAR

This study explores collaborative strategies based on the Pentahelix model to enhance self-protection education against sexual violence for children with intellectual disabilities. Recognizing the heightened vulnerability of this population and the fragmented nature of existing protective mechanisms, this research adopts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method guided by PRISMA protocols. A total of 25 peer-reviewed, Scopus-indexed articles published between 2015 and 2024 were thematically analyzed. The findings reveal that multi-actor collaboration involving government, academia, communities, the private sector, and media plays a pivotal role in establishing responsive protection systems and educational interventions tailored to the specific needs of children with …

Guidance & Counseling Services For Students Special Needs In The Organizer School Inclusive Education In Dki Jakarta Region, Marja Marja, Trisna Mulyeni, Irah Kasirah, Widia Kusuma Dewi

Journal of ICSAR

This study examines the implementation of guidance and counseling (BK) services for students with special needs (ABK) in inclusive public schools in the DKI Jakarta region. Although inclusive education policies have been adopted nationally, the provision of structured psychosocial and academic support through counseling remains inconsistent across schools. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research involved twelve inclusive schools and collected data through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Participants included BK teachers, homeroom teachers, and school principals. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns in the design, delivery, and impact of counseling services for ABK students. The findings indicate that …

The Influence Of Learning Communities, Work Ethic, And Achievement Motivation On Teacher Professional Competence: A Quantitative Study In Public Elementary Schools In Candisari District, Semarang City, Fina Febriyanti, Maryanto Maryanto, Ngasbun Egar

Journal of ICSAR

One of the key determinants of educational quality is the professional competence of teachers, which directly impacts student achievement and the overall standard of education. This study examines the influence of learning communities, work ethic, and achievement motivation on the professional competence of elementary school teachers in Candisari District, Semarang. Recent performance evaluations indicate that teachers’ professional competence remains lower than other competencies, highlighting the need for targeted improvement. Learning communities serve as collaborative platforms for teachers to share experiences and solve instructional challenges, especially relevant with the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, which demands greater flexibility and student-centered approaches. …

The Integrative Model For Strengthening The Quality Of Inclusive Education Based On Digital Literacy, Achievement Culture, And Teacher Work Motivation, Listyowati Listyowati, Maryanto Maryanto, Ngasbun Egar

Journal of ICSAR

This study aims to develop an integrative model to enhance the quality of inclusive education based on digital literacy, achievement-oriented school culture, and teacher work motivation at public elementary schools in the Candisari District, Semarang City. A quantitative approach was employed using survey methods and path analysis. Data were collected from 105 teachers through closed-ended questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression and path analysis. The results revealed that all three independent variables had a significant positive effect on the quality of inclusive education. Moreover, digital literacy and achievement culture indirectly influenced quality through teacher motivation as a mediating variable. …

Building Quality Inclusive Schools Through Transformational Leadership, School Culture, And Digitalization: An Empirical Study In Public Elementary Schools In Tugu District, Semarang City, Munirotun Munirotun, Widya Kusumaningsih, Nurkolis Nurkolis

Journal of ICSAR

This study investigates the influence of transformational leadership, school culture, and digitalization on the quality of inclusive elementary schools in Tugu District, Semarang. As the foundation of national development, education requires not only knowledge transfer but also the cultivation of character and values. Despite being categorized as “Good,” most elementary schools in Tugu District have experienced a decline in learning quality, as indicated by the 2023 national assessment. Key challenges include teacher shortages, competency mismatches, excessive workloads, and limited understanding of the Merdeka Curriculum. Additional obstacles such as high administrative burdens and inadequate digital infrastructure further impede effective learning. Employing …

A Quantitative Study On The Determinants Of Collaborative Culture In Inclusive Primary Schools: The Role Of Social Competence, Work Motivation, And Organizational Climate, Angela Astrid Stelladiba Cindy Ayu, Bunyamin Bunyamin, I Made Sudana

Journal of ICSAR

This study aims to examine the influence of teachers’ social competence, work motivation, and organizational climate on collaborative culture in elementary schools within the Bawana Alit cluster, Tembalang District, Semarang City. Employing a quantitative approach with a correlational design, data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 153 teachers selected using proportional random sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that each independent variable social competence (r = 0.701), work motivation (r = 0.726), and organizational climate (r = 0.821) had a positive and significant influence on collaborative culture. Simultaneously, the …

Determining Graduate Quality Through School Principals’ Transformational Leadership, Teachers’ Professional Competence, And Work Motivation: A Quantitative Study, Ana Supriati, Titik Haryati, Sumarno Sumarno

Journal of ICSAR

This study aims to analyze the influence of school principals’ transformational leadership, teachers’ professional competence, and work motivation on the quality of graduates in public junior high schools in Rembang Regency. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method involving 289 teachers as respondents. The research instrument used a Likert-scale questionnaire tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results revealed that both partially and simultaneously, the three independent variables had a positive and significant influence on the quality of graduates. Transformational leadership fosters a supportive school climate, professional competence enhances teaching effectiveness, …

Toward Inclusive Higher Education: Challenges And Opportunities In Ten Asian Countries Following Crpd Ratification, Mohammad Idrees Naeemy, Hiroki Yoneda

Journal of ICSAR

The ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) has triggered a wave of policy initiatives aimed at inclusive higher education around the world. Yet the extent of progress remains unclear in Asian region. This systematic review fills that gap by analysing 46 peer-reviewed publications (2013–2024) that document post-CRPD developments in ten Asian countries—China, India, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates. We mapped legislative reforms, organizational responses and structural adaptations designed to accommodate students with disabilities and compared the pace and depth of change across national contexts. The review revealed …

Holistic Approach In Inclusive Education Management In Indonesia: A Systematic Review Of Strategies And Challenges Faced By Schools, Bayu Pamungkas, Angga Damayanto, Adi Suseno

Journal of ICSAR

This study aims to analyze the strategies and challenges faced by schools in implementing inclusive education management in Indonesia. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The results show that schools in Indonesia have implemented various strategies to support inclusive education, including curriculum adaptation, teacher professional development, collaboration with stakeholders, provision of facilities and infrastructure, utilization of technology, and holistic approaches. However, challenges such as lack of understanding and support, limited resources, and difficulties in developing adaptive curricula and inclusive learning methods still exist. This research highlights the importance of collaborative …

Implementation Of Multiplication Ring Media For Deaf Students In Mathematics Learning In Special Elementary Schools, Yuni Tanjung Utami, Endang Rochyadi, Imas Diana Aprilia

Journal of ICSAR

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of using multiplication ring media in improving multiplication learning outcomes in deaf students. This type of research uses pre-experimental research with a one group pre-test post-test design in the study conducting treatment using this multiplication ring media twice. The Research result is data was processed using the SPSS version 24 program to produce the results of the hypothesis test to calculate the pre-test and post-test scores related to mathematics learning outcomes with single-digit multiplication and negative ranking. 15.00, the statistical test using Asymp produced Z count = -2.023. Sig. (both …

Digital Menstrual Health Education For Adolescent Girls With Intellectual Disabilities: Evidence From The Kesmens Digital Media Intervention, Ana Fatimatuzzahra, Endang Rochyadi, Riksma Nurhami Akhlan, Een Ratnengsih, Mughi Puspa Annisi

Journal of ICSAR

Adolescent female with intellectual disabilities often encounter substantial barriers in managing menstrual hygiene, which may negatively impact their physical health, social integration, and personal autonomy. These challenges are largely attributed to the absence of concrete and developmentally appropriate educational tools, along with limited support from families and educators during menstruation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the KESMENS Digital Book, a family assisted multimedia learning resource, in improving menstrual hygiene management skills among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Using a Single Subject Research method with an A B design, the intervention was implemented for a junior high school student at SLBN …

Deep Learning For Personalized Learning: Tailoring Curriculum To Student Needs, Muh. Fihris Khalik, Ardi Azhar Nampira

Journal of ICSAR

The technological transformation of the digital era has significantly reshaped the educational landscape, driving a shift toward more personalized learning approaches. This study explores the integration of deep learning technologies in tailoring curriculum to meet the individual needs of students. Using a qualitative literature review, it examines how deep learning can identify learning behavior patterns, assess students' strengths and weaknesses, and deliver timely and relevant instructional interventions. The findings suggest that personalized learning powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and adaptive curricula can enhance student motivation, learning effectiveness, and inclusivity. However, the implementation also poses challenges, including concerns over data privacy, …

Collaboration Between Special Education Teachers And Inclusive Teachers In Aceh Province, Teguh Shulha Shidqi, Rahmahtrisilvia Rahmahtrisilvia

Journal of ICSAR

This study examines collaboration between special education teachers and teachers in schools of inclusive education in Aceh Province. Using a qualitative approach with the scoping review method and prism protocol, this study analyses the relevant literature of published scientific journals. Data search was conducted on Google Scholar using the Harzing's Publish or Perish application, 3 articles were obtained for further analysis. The research results showed that collaboration between SLB teachers and teachers in inclusive schools in Aceh Province was not optimal. The implementation of inclusive education in Aceh still faces challenges such as not yet constructed cultural and strong policies, …

Analysis Of Student Learning Experiences In Sign Language Learning Through A Deep Learning Approach Based On The Case-Based Learning Model, Imas Diana Aprilia, Prinanda Gustarina Ridwan, Lamina Amalia Putri, Indah Auliya Muchtar

Journal of ICSAR

Students in special education programs often face challenges in mastering sign language due to limited access to interactive and contextual learning experiences. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the implementation of sign language learning by integrating the Deep Learning approach, which emphasizes mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning, with the Case-Based Learning (CBL) model to provide a more holistic learning experience. Using a descriptive research design with a qualitative approach supported by quantitative data, the study involved 51 students who had completed a sign language course and one instructor from the Special Education Study Program. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured …

Innovation And Quality Of Teacher Training In The Transformation Of Special Education Toward Inclusive Learning In The Sdgs Era, Vasas Elkasih Lase, Fariyeni Fariyeni, Dessy Masita, Teguh Shulha Shidqi, Elsa Elfrina

Journal of ICSAR

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 4 on inclusive and equitable education, the transformation of special education into high-quality inclusive learning is crucial. One key aspect of this transformation is teacher training and the quality of teaching services. Although inclusive education policies have been implemented inany schools, challenges remain regarding teacher preparedness and the contextual relevance of training. This study investigates how teachers and school leaders in special schools (SLB) understand and implement inclusive education transformation within a changing socio-cultural context. This research uses a qualitative case study approach, involving participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis …

Assessing Significance Of Inclusive Education As A Remedy Of Addressing The Challenges Of Disabled Children, Sive Makeleni, Onyinyechi Glory Ndu

Journal of ICSAR

The issue of disability in the lives of many children has raised a lot of debates by scholars in terms of their learning ability and meeting immediate needs. This study focuses on the inclusive education for dealing with special needs of children. It aimed at assessing the significance of inclusive education and training as a remedy for addressing the challenges facing the disabled children in dealing with their special needs. What their immediate needs are, and finally suggest measures to put in place in addressing the identified problems. The study employed a literature review method. The data was collected using …

Metabolic Engineering Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae For De Novo Biosynthesis Of Naringin From D-Xylose, Zhao Yifei, Li Gaoyang, Huang Luhong, Liu Juan, Xiao Zhiqiang

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To explore the biosynthesis method of naringin,a bioactive compound in citrus.［Methods］ Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for naringenin biosynthesis are constructed through enzyme screening,multi -copy integration,and precursor supply.Subsequently,de novo biosynthesis of naringin from D-xylose is achieved by introducing the naringin biosynthetic pathway and optimizing UDP -glucose supply.［Results］］ The optimal flavonoid synthase is identified as PhCHS by screening the key enzymes of the naringenin pathway.The naringenin biosynthesis pathway is further integrated at multi -copy sites.The constructed strain Z39M2 can synthesize 36.53 mg/L naringenin.The overexpression of CAT 2,xPK-PTA pathway,and ACC 1m optimizes malonyl -CoA supply and constructs strain Z 44,with a naringenin …

Interaction And Structure-Activity Relationship Characterization Of Hop-Derived Α-Acid/Xanthohumol And Protein Z, Wang Limin, Peng Mengyan, Ma Changwei, Wu Zijian

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the interaction mechanism and structure -activity relationship between two hop -derived small molecules different in structure (α-acid and xanthohumol ) and barley protein Z.［Methods］ α-acid and protein Z with high purity are prepared through solvent extraction and anion exchange column,respectively.The interaction between α-acid/xanthohumol and protein Z,as well as the conformational change of protein,is characterized by multi -spectral analysis.Finally,the interaction mode and molecular binding mechanism between α-acid/xanthohumol and protein Z are further investigated by molecular dynamics simulation.［Results］］ Both α-acid and xanthohumol can effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of protein Z,with α-acid inducing a red shift and xanthohumol causing …

Screening , Identification , Fermentation Optimization , And Application Of Lignin-Degrading Bacteria, Su Rizhen, Lin Zhiping, Zhang Hanqiu, Cui Zhenwei, Zhang Wen

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the effect of lignin -degrading bacteria on improving the flavor of flue -cured tobacco.［Methods］ Microorganisms were screened based on lignin -degrading enzyme activity and sensory evaluation performance.After obtaining functional strains,fermentation conditions were optimized.Finally,gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze changes in volatile flavor compounds in tobacco samples treated with the strain.［Results］］ A Bacillus subtilis strain YY -10 capable of producing lignin peroxidase (LiP) was obtained.The crude enzyme solution from this strain achieved a 31.04% degradation rate of acid -insoluble lignin in the tobacco samples.Treatment with the crude enzyme significantly increased the content of flavor compounds …

Effects Of Different Roasting Methods On Volatile Flavor Compounds In Beef, Ma Xueyuan, Zhang Miao, Dai Qinyan, Jia Hongfeng, Zhang Jiamin

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To study the effects of different baking methods on the volatile flavor substances in beef.［Methods］ The optimal baking durations for sensory scores under three baking methods,i.e.,electric oven baking,microwave baking,and electric baking pan baking,were screened.Solid -phase microextraction (SPME ) combined with gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to separate and identify the volatile flavor substances in beef under the best conditions for each of the three baking methods.［Results］］ The sensory scores of beef under all three baking methods showed an initial increase followed by a decrease.The highest sensory scores for oven and electric baking pan were achieved at 10 …

Effect Of Uplc-Ms/Ms Pre-Column Derivatization On Ergosterol Content In Edible Fungi, Zhang Xinyue, Chen Hangjun, Niu Ben, Shentu Xuping, Yang Hailong, Yin Ming, Gao Haiyan, Mu Honglei

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To improve the responsiveness of ergosterol in electrospray ionization mode and to investigate the ergosterol derivatization through dansylation.［Methods］ With dansyl chloride as the derivatizing agent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP ) as the catalyst,this paper carries out a response surface test to optimize derivatization conditions.The samples are separated on a C18 column utilizing isocratic elution with a 0.15% formic acid -methanol solution as the mobile phase.Multiple reaction monitoring is performed using an ESI source.The ergosterol content in 10 edible fungi is assessed.［Results］］ The optimal derivatization conditions are the reaction temperature of 36 ℃,the reaction time of 25 min,and the DMAP mass …