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Articles 153121 - 153150 of 5157585
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Tools We Use: Evaluating Uav And Photogrammetry Workflows For Early-Stage Site Documentation; Comparative Analysis For Small Landscape Architecture Firms, Bryant Baugus
Theses and Dissertations
Landscape architects utilize advanced technologies in the design process. Advancements in automation and data capture have opened up new opportunities for UAVs and photogrammetry to produce high-resolution imagery, contours, and 3D models. By leveraging UAVs early in the design process, landscape architects are able to maximize advantages: site analysis through computational software, 3D sectional information, and hydrology prediction. This research focuses specifically on the advantages UAVs offer compared to established workflow methods. It examines four unique workflows for early-stage site documentation: capturing the site with UAVs through photogrammetry, generating a site plan from publicly available GIS data, gathering information from …
Cotton Response To Banded Vs. Broadcast Potassium Fertilizer Rates And Varietal Response Of Peanut To Disease Pressure In A Mid-South Growing Environment, Bryce Dale Bullock
Cotton Response To Banded Vs. Broadcast Potassium Fertilizer Rates And Varietal Response Of Peanut To Disease Pressure In A Mid-South Growing Environment, Bryce Dale Bullock
Theses and Dissertations
Cotton and peanut are commonly grown in rotation for two reasons, cotton requires high fertility, and peanuts are susceptible to diseases which cannot survive on cotton. The objectives of these two studies were to determine if banding K2O closer to the rooting zone of cotton could potentially decrease the amount of potash required to decrease costs, and to determine varietal susceptibility of peanut to early and late leaf spot and southern blight. Application rates of K2O were determined based on soil tests with a full rate being 90 Kg ha-1 and a half rate being 45 Kg ha-1 banded and …
Effects Of Psychological Arousal And Relaxation On Muscle Performance, Activation, And Heart Rate Variability During Maximal Muscle Strength And Precision Tasks, Allison Ann Brown
Effects Of Psychological Arousal And Relaxation On Muscle Performance, Activation, And Heart Rate Variability During Maximal Muscle Strength And Precision Tasks, Allison Ann Brown
Theses and Dissertations
Psychological arousal plays a vital role in athletic performance, with the optimal point of arousal and performance level varying by task complexity. A common manipulator of arousal is music, which can produce multiple physiological effects. This study investigated whether unfamiliar arousing or relaxing music influences heart rate variability, muscle activation, maximal muscle strength, and muscle precision. Theoretically, if participants are found to have differing muscle performance responses as a result of differing music selections, this would further support the notion that the optimal point of arousal and performance is dependent upon the complexity of the task at hand. Thus, coaches …
Variables That Affect Designers’ Use Of Edible Planting In Residential Landscape Design, Emily Margaret Butler
Variables That Affect Designers’ Use Of Edible Planting In Residential Landscape Design, Emily Margaret Butler
Theses and Dissertations
Edible landscaping or “foodscaping” has had a resurgence into the mainstream. Though many trailblazers aim to encourage edible landscaping through homeowners and renters, there seems to be a lack of initiative from designers. To identify the variables that can affect a designer’s use of edible planting in the residential Southeastern United States, research and statistical methods were employed. Beyond interviewing an expert in the field of edible planting in the residential space, a survey consisting of both Likert and open-ended questions was sent to licensed landscape architects in the Southeastern U.S. The survey was conducted using Qualtrics and analyzed using …
Influence Of Diverse Forage Environments On Honey Bee Colony Health, Angus Catchot Iii
Influence Of Diverse Forage Environments On Honey Bee Colony Health, Angus Catchot Iii
Theses and Dissertations
Honey bees are important pollinators that face a multitude of stressors in their environment such as pathogens, parasite pressure, forage availability and pesticide exposure. This study examined how the makeup of different environments and the stressors related to those environments are affecting honey bee health in Mississippi. A field experiment was conducted during the first year of the study across four distinct landscapes ranging from intensively cultivated cropland to predominantly natural forage habitats to assess the impact of landscape availability on varying honey bee colony health parameters. Locations that had cultivated crops within foraging range produced more honey and brood …
Creating A Framework For Offering Alternative Credentials At Mississippi State University, Marian Montgomery Chancellor
Creating A Framework For Offering Alternative Credentials At Mississippi State University, Marian Montgomery Chancellor
Theses and Dissertations
As workforce demands evolve and learners seek more flexible, skills-focused education options, Mississippi State University’s College of Professional and Continuing Studies (CPCS) must innovate to remain responsive and competitive. This capstone project explores how MSU can design and implement a scalable framework for micro-credentials that align with employer needs, faculty expertise, and adult learner goals. Grounded in qualitative research, including interviews with faculty and industry leaders, the study identifies key workforce gaps—particularly in communication, leadership, and technical skills—and outlines a 6-stage development lifecycle for credential creation. Findings emphasize the importance of industry collaboration, applied learning, and policy support. The resulting …
American Officer Administration Development And Its Effects On Conduct, 1900-1970, David R. Burford
American Officer Administration Development And Its Effects On Conduct, 1900-1970, David R. Burford
Theses and Dissertations
The 1970 U.S. Army War College Study on Military Professionalism concluded that officers were so obsessed with demonstrating loyalty, deference to authority, and promotion that they seemed to sacrifice their personal integrity. The findings shocked high-ranked Army officials. The detailed legislative history of Army officer administration from roughly 1900 to 1970 presented in this dissertation shows why and how these conditions came to exist. In nine chapters, the material revealed in magazines, periodicals, student research papers, statements at congressional debates, hearings and investigations, and various official and unofficial publications narrate the development of the post-World War II American officer governance …
Characterizing The Impact Of Cover Crop On Soil Microbiome Function Affecting C And N Inputs In Corn Production System, Durga Purushotham Mahesh Chinthalapudi
Characterizing The Impact Of Cover Crop On Soil Microbiome Function Affecting C And N Inputs In Corn Production System, Durga Purushotham Mahesh Chinthalapudi
Theses and Dissertations
Cover cropping (CC) is a widely adopted strategy to improve soil health and microbial diversity in agroecosystems. However, its influence on microbial community dynamics and ecosystem functions remains context-dependent, particularly under variable nitrogen (N) inputs. This dissertation integrates a three-year field study (2021-2024) in corn-based systems with a meta-analysis of 473 soil samples from diverse Mississippi cropping systems to evaluate CC effects on soil microbial structure, function, and ecosystem multifunctionality. In the field study, soil bacterial and fungal communities were profiled using high-throughput amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA for bacteria, ITS2 for fungi). Seven CC treatments ryegrass, balansa, radish, red clover, …
Winter Waterfowl Forage Production In Managed Coastal Wetlands Of The South Atlantic Region: Improving Inputs For Bioenergetics Modeling Used In Regional Conservation Planning, Stephen Andrew Clements
Winter Waterfowl Forage Production In Managed Coastal Wetlands Of The South Atlantic Region: Improving Inputs For Bioenergetics Modeling Used In Regional Conservation Planning, Stephen Andrew Clements
Theses and Dissertations
Under the assumption that food is limiting to non-breeding waterfowl, Migratory Bird Joint Ventures frequently use daily-ration bioenergetics models to inform wetland conservation objectives. Two essential components of these models include estimates of energy supply (i.e., energetic density) of wetlands used by waterfowl and accurate spatial data layers to determine wetland area. Managed impoundments are important wetland resources for migrating and wintering waterfowl in the South Atlantic Region. However, there is little understanding of the energetic density available to waterfowl in these wetlands regionally, and until recently, a database of digitized impoundments was unavailable for developing a spatial data layer. …
Improving Engagement Through Readers' Theater: A Systematic Literature Review And Teacher Process Portfolio With Program Proposal, Karen K. Crum
Improving Engagement Through Readers' Theater: A Systematic Literature Review And Teacher Process Portfolio With Program Proposal, Karen K. Crum
Theses and Dissertations
This project investigated the impact of Readers’ Theater on elementary students’ attitudes toward reading, the teacher’s perception of effectiveness of Readers’ Theater as a tool to improve reading comprehension, and students’ test-related anxiety, within the context of the Mississippi Academic Assessment Program (MAAP) mandated by the Literacy-Based Promotion Act. While existing literature has highlighted Readers’ Theater as an effective instructional strategy that engages reluctant readers and enhances both reading fluency and comprehension through repeated, performance-based readings, gaps in current research exist regarding Readers’ Theater effectiveness as an instructional strategy to mitigate reading- and test-anxiety. Through research questions focused on how …
Soil Ethics In Practice: Harvesting Conservation Choices Among Puerto Rican Coffee Farmers, Patricia Marie Cordero-Irizarry
Soil Ethics In Practice: Harvesting Conservation Choices Among Puerto Rican Coffee Farmers, Patricia Marie Cordero-Irizarry
Theses and Dissertations
Coffee farming in Puerto Rico has declined over recent decades, partly due to deteriorating soil quality. However, the decision-making process behind farmers’ adoption of soil conservation practices remains unclear, particularly the overlooked role of soil ethics, which emphasizes the moral principles guiding human relationships with the soil. This mixed-methods study examined coffee farmers’ adoption of soil conservation practices by integrating the Values-Beliefs-Norms (VBN) theory and a newly developed Soil Ethics Survey (SES) instrument for the quantitative component, while using Decision-Making Theory and Social Cognitive Theory to qualitatively explore how farmers’ experiences and reflections shape their soil ethics. Quantitative findings revealed …
Edna Surveillance And Population Genomics Of The Invasive Loaches Introduced To The United States, Tobin J. Davidson
Edna Surveillance And Population Genomics Of The Invasive Loaches Introduced To The United States, Tobin J. Davidson
Theses and Dissertations
Invasive species represent a growing threat to the ecosystems and economies of the United States. The southeastern United States is an aquatic biodiversity hotspot, and the decline of multiple native species already facing extinction is attributed to a rapidly growing number of nonindigenous freshwater fishes. Next-generation sequencing was used to analyze the population genomics of several populations of Pond Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) introduced to the United States. Three evolutionarily significant units of Misgurnus loaches were found, suggesting the invasion of multiple different species in the United States. Additionally, noninvasive environmental DNA (eDNA) protocol designed for early detection of invasive freshwater …
Ex Vivo Evaluation Of Polyethylene Cable Compared To Stainless Steel Cerclage Wire In A Canine Fracture Model, Seila Natasha Day
Ex Vivo Evaluation Of Polyethylene Cable Compared To Stainless Steel Cerclage Wire In A Canine Fracture Model, Seila Natasha Day
Theses and Dissertations
A long oblique osteotomy model was created using paired canine cadaveric femurs. The osteotomies were stabilized with either three ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cables (n=10) or three 18 gauge stainless steel loop cerclage wires (n=10). Cyclic testing was performed in four-point bending by applying increasing force at 2 Hz until construct failure, defined as ≥2mm of actuator displacement. Data analyzed included cycles to failure, load at failure, and dynamic stiffness. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the outcomes tested between constructs. Visible loosening was noted in all loop cerclage constructs. No visible loosening of the UHMWPE …
The Evaluation Of Traditional And Latency Based Functional Analyses On The Identification Of The Function Of Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior, Mallie N. Donald
The Evaluation Of Traditional And Latency Based Functional Analyses On The Identification Of The Function Of Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior, Mallie N. Donald
Theses and Dissertations
Research indicates that up to 80% of children with developmental disabilities have feeding problems. Feeding problems typically coexist with the presence of inappropriate mealtime behavior which includes behaviors such as aggression, throwing food or utensils, or turning head away from the presented bite. As a result, functional analysis procedures are commonly used to determine the function of inappropriate mealtime behavior to later inform effective function-based interventions. Traditional functional analysis procedures utilize the measurement of the rate of inappropriate mealtime behavior. Several limitations exist within traditional procedures for the assessment of inappropriate mealtime behavior which include demands across all test and …
Social Validity Of Functional Analysis Variations, Rita M. Druffner
Social Validity Of Functional Analysis Variations, Rita M. Druffner
Theses and Dissertations
The functional analysis was developed to systematically identify the antecedent and consequent conditions mediating challenging behavior. Modifications to the traditional procedures have been developed to address barriers to implementation, including duration, environmental control, and safety. Much of the research surrounding functional analyses addresses effectiveness, barriers to implementation, and practitioner acceptability. However, there is a lack of research assessing caregiver social validity of functional analysis procedures. Social validity is the assessment of the goals, procedures, and outcomes of behavior analytic practice. Even though there has been advocacy for including measures of social within behavior analytic research and practice, there is limited …
Evaluation Of Furrow-Irrigation And Agronomic Management In Mississippi Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Thomas W. Eubank Iv
Evaluation Of Furrow-Irrigation And Agronomic Management In Mississippi Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Thomas W. Eubank Iv
Theses and Dissertations
A new non-transgenic rice has been developed called ROXY, which is resistant to formulations of oxyfluorfen. Utilizing the ROXY rice production system in a furrow-irrigated system could help combat troublesome terrestrial weeds and be a viable option for producers. To evaluate the performance of oxyfluorfen in furrow-irrigated ROXY rice production system, two concurrent field studies were conducted at the Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS, from 2022 to 2024. The first study evaluated residual grass and broadleaf weed control with oxyfluorfen applied delayed-preemergence (DPRE). Factor A was oxyfluorfen rates of 0, 700, and 981 g ai ha-1. Factor …
Mentorship In Music Education: Crafting A Supportive Path For New Teachers, Stephen P. Fields
Mentorship In Music Education: Crafting A Supportive Path For New Teachers, Stephen P. Fields
Theses and Dissertations
Attrition rates among new secondary music educators is an ongoing problem. Many new music educators leave the profession in their first five years with many doing so between years two and three. This project examined the difficulties faced by new secondary music educators and how involvement in a structured mentorship program can aid in their growth and development. Bandura's (1977) social learning theory and Kolb's (1984) experiential learning theory was used in the creation of the practitioner’s manual. Three research questions were addressed in this study: (1) What challenges do early career music educators face and how can a structured …
Regulating Artificial Intelligence In The U.S.: A Historical-Innovation-Inspired Framework, Di Kevin Gao
Regulating Artificial Intelligence In The U.S.: A Historical-Innovation-Inspired Framework, Di Kevin Gao
Theses and Dissertations
The emergence of OpenAI\textquotesingle s ChatGPT has marked the dawn of a new Artificial Intelligence (AI) era, unleashing a wave of user excitement, moral panic, and apocalyptic warnings. Yet, these concerns have done little to slow the breakneck pace of AI development and deployment. Should the United States adopt the European Union\textquotesingle s top-down, legislation-first approach, or follow the United Kingdom\textquotesingle s bottom-up, court-driven model? This research draws from historical legislative parallels in the U.S. By examining past regulatory frameworks for disruptive technologies, including electricity, automobiles, the telephone, broadband internet, nuclear technology, cryptocurrency, commodity futures, modern pharmaceuticals, and social media, …
Mapping Renewable Energy Opportunities: Increasing Rural Energy Resilience In Mississippi Through Extension And National Program Insights, Kaitlyn Brooke Gordon
Mapping Renewable Energy Opportunities: Increasing Rural Energy Resilience In Mississippi Through Extension And National Program Insights, Kaitlyn Brooke Gordon
Theses and Dissertations
There has been an increased interest in renewable energy opportunities in Mississippi in recent years but limited educational material on this topic and a lack of knowledge among residents on various renewable energy options. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to 1) conduct a comprehensive review of renewable energy educational resources and 2) increase knowledge of renewable energy in youth through the development of a new statewide Extension program. The environmental scan resulted in 45 usable responses from 117 potential participants, and programmatic details were received for 54 Extension programs or other forms of educational material. Evaluation results …
Extreme Artifacts Removal With Curriculum Learning, Sushant Gautam
Extreme Artifacts Removal With Curriculum Learning, Sushant Gautam
Theses and Dissertations
Restoring severely blurred images remains a significant challenge in computer vision, impacting applications in autonomous driving, medical imaging, and photography. This thesis introduces a novel training strategy based on curriculum learning to improve the robustness of deep learning models for extreme image deblurring. Unlike conventional approaches that train on only low to moderate blur levels, this method progressively increases the difficulty by introducing images with higher blur severity over time, allowing the model to adapt incrementally. Additionally, perceptual loss and hinge loss were integrated during training to enhance fine detail restoration and improve training stability. Various curriculum learning strategies were …
Understanding How Nws Meteorologists Tailor Hazardous Weather Messaging To Core Partners And Identify Local Vulnerabilities, Allison Camille Harvey
Understanding How Nws Meteorologists Tailor Hazardous Weather Messaging To Core Partners And Identify Local Vulnerabilities, Allison Camille Harvey
Theses and Dissertations
Over the past few decades, the National Weather Service (NWS) has continued to improve impact-based decision support services (IDSS) efforts to strengthen communication with core partners. This study addressed how a new spatially hazard-specific vulnerability tool called the Brief Vulnerability Overview Tool (BVOT) may impact how NWS meteorologists tailor messaging to their core partners. It was found that relationship building between NWS meteorologists and core partners is key to enhancing trust, especially during blue sky days. This was done by learning core partners’ needs, thresholds, and communication styles when presenting weather information. Core partners also noticed cues from NWS meteorologists …
Towards Applying Artificial Intelligence To Solve Np-Complete Problems Using Quantum Computing, Andrew Robert Haverly
Towards Applying Artificial Intelligence To Solve Np-Complete Problems Using Quantum Computing, Andrew Robert Haverly
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explores the methodology for more thoroughly entangling artificial intelligence and quantum computing. This is explored through a background search of problems solved using Grover’s quantum algorithm, a new quantum protein folding and drug discovery algorithm, using Grover’s algorithm to train quantum artificial neural networks, using quantum artificial neural networks for reinforcement learning, mapping classical assembly instructions to quantum circuits to make quantum programming easier, and using prompt engineering to get a classical artificial intelligence agent to solve an NP-Complete problem using a Grover’s algorithm. This method not only simplifies the creation of algorithms but also opens new avenues …
Tabletop Role-Playing Games As A Therapeutic Intervention: Translating Ttrpgs To Therapy, Joanne Adelle Hillerman
Tabletop Role-Playing Games As A Therapeutic Intervention: Translating Ttrpgs To Therapy, Joanne Adelle Hillerman
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the aspects of tabletop role-playing games, or TTRPGs, that are appealing to therapists, aspects of TTRPGs that may be challenging for therapists to implement, and to identify outside factors that may associated with therapists’ interest in using TTRPGs. This study used the technology acceptance model (Davis, 1989) as a theoretical framework. A sample of therapists and mental health workers (N = 102) answered survey questions on their perceptions of the ease-of-use and usefulness of TTRPGs in therapy, their likelihood to use TTRPGs in therapy, and additional items measuring outside influences on their …
Topnet R1: A Multi-Stage Ai Framework For Topic Discovery In Scientific Abstracts, Md Elias Hossain
Topnet R1: A Multi-Stage Ai Framework For Topic Discovery In Scientific Abstracts, Md Elias Hossain
Theses and Dissertations
Scientific abstracts are rich sources of knowledge, yet extracting meaningful topics remains challenging due to limitations in existing topic modeling techniques. Traditional methods often struggle with interpretability, scalability, and contextual understanding. To overcome these issues, we introduce TopNet R1, a multi-stage ensemble framework that integrates traditional topic models with contextual embeddings from Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) large language models (LLMs). Top- Net R1 operates in three phases: (1) topic generation using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), and Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP); (2) LLM-assisted pattern recognition …
Strategic Use Of Exogenous Feed Enzymes And Sodium Bisulfate To Optimize Broiler Production, Spencer Thomas Karn
Strategic Use Of Exogenous Feed Enzymes And Sodium Bisulfate To Optimize Broiler Production, Spencer Thomas Karn
Theses and Dissertations
Poultry producers must continually evaluate nutritional strategies to enhance broiler performance and sustainability. Chapter II assessed sodium bisulfate (SB) applied to litter, feed, and water across a 42-day grow-out. Applying SB to litter reduced pH, while 0.3% and 0.4% dietary SB improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). Water acidification with SB during the final week did not impair performance, supporting its use as a preharvest intervention. Chapter III evaluated phytase at 500, 1500, and 2000 FTU/kg, with or without protease, in reduced amino acid diets over 56 days. Birds fed a nutrient-adequate diet with 1500 FTU/kg phytase outperformed all reduced-amino acid …
From Gametes To Genes: Genetic Quality Assessment Of Anuran Cryopreserved Spermatozoa And Derived Embryos, Trinity Isabella Kassuhn
From Gametes To Genes: Genetic Quality Assessment Of Anuran Cryopreserved Spermatozoa And Derived Embryos, Trinity Isabella Kassuhn
Theses and Dissertations
Sperm cryopreservation is an important tool within the suite of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) as it enables long-term storage of genetically valuable gametes. However, knowledge of the diagnostic criteria for assessing sperm quality and the genetic consequences of using cryopreserved sperm in amphibians is limited. This gap has raised concerns in captive breeding and reintroduction programs regarding the potential impact that cryopreserved sperm and the derived embryos may have on a population. The thesis aims to investigate how sperm cryopreservation affects the genetic material in both sperm and resulting embryos, with implications for in situ and ex situ amphibian populations. …
Documenting Children’S Use, Physical Activity, And Social Play In Tom Lee Park’S Playscape, Laurel Kelton
Documenting Children’S Use, Physical Activity, And Social Play In Tom Lee Park’S Playscape, Laurel Kelton
Theses and Dissertations
The benefits of nature and physical activity on children’s health and development are well documented. However, many children lack access to nature and physical activity. Researchers have found that “innovative playgrounds” —which, by definition, are more likely to include natural elements that facilitate nature immersion— are associated with increased physical activity and duration of stay. This thesis is a case study of a public innovative playground at Tom Lee Park. It sought to understand the playground’s areas and physical characteristics that have higher levels of use, physical activity, and social play and longer durations of stay. Data was collected over …
Understanding Pollinator-Forb Interactions And Evaluating Trapping Methods For Pollinator Monitoring In Lawns Of The Southeastern United States, Sara Rose Kirby
Understanding Pollinator-Forb Interactions And Evaluating Trapping Methods For Pollinator Monitoring In Lawns Of The Southeastern United States, Sara Rose Kirby
Theses and Dissertations
Urban turfgrass landscapes are widespread across the southeastern United States but offer limited ecological value under conventional management. This thesis evaluates the pollinator support potential of ten forb species commonly found in low-maintenance lawns and assesses the effectiveness of two insect sampling methods, sweep netting and pan trapping. Over two years of field surveys, native forbs such as Symphyotrichum divaricatum and Claytonia virginica supported significantly greater insect abundance and diversity than introduced species. Network and modularity analyses revealed that native plants facilitated more specialized pollinator interactions, including those involving oligolectic bee species. In a complementary study, pan traps effectively sampled …
Impact Of Buffered Dry Vinegar And Fermented Onion Juice On The Quality And Shelf-Life Of Fresh Pork Breakfast Sausage, Emily M. Little
Impact Of Buffered Dry Vinegar And Fermented Onion Juice On The Quality And Shelf-Life Of Fresh Pork Breakfast Sausage, Emily M. Little
Theses and Dissertations
The demand for clean-label meat products has increased interest in natural alternatives to synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. This study evaluated the effects of buffered dry vinegar (BDV), fermented onion juice (FOJ), and their combination (CMB) on microbial stability and sensory quality of pork sausage during 9 days of refrigerated storage. Sausages were assigned to control, FOJ (0.5%), BDV (0.5%), or CMB (0.25% each) treatments. BDV and CMB significantly reduced aerobic and psychrotrophic counts by days 7-9, while yeast increased across all treatments over time, reaching ~7 Log CFU/g by day 9. Sensory analysis revealed lower oxidation and off-note intensity in …
Spray Characterization And Fuel Property Analysis Of Tier 3 Gasoline In A Gdi System Using Machine Learning, Kyungwon Lee
Spray Characterization And Fuel Property Analysis Of Tier 3 Gasoline In A Gdi System Using Machine Learning, Kyungwon Lee
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigates the spray behavior of Tier 3 gasoline in gasoline direct injection engines using experimental methods. Tier 3 gasoline, formulated with lower sulfur content, enhances aftertreatment system efficiency and supports cleaner combustion. A comparative fuel property analysis between Tier 3 gasoline and PACE-20, surrogate fuel, was conducted to understand compositional effects on spray. A constant volume spray chamber and optical diagnostics, including diffuse back-illumination extinction, Schlieren, microscopic, and 3D CT reconstruction imaging, were used to examine spray morphology under varying injection conditions. Key spray parameters such as liquid volume fraction, projected liquid volume, droplet size, and cone angle …