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Spatial Working Memory Under Differential And Nondifferential Outcomes Iv: Effects Of Dextromethorphan, Angela N. Gifford, Rowan Mcglasson, Whitney Mcshane, Erin Seabright, Nick Wobig, Nora Freetly Apr 2019

Spatial Working Memory Under Differential And Nondifferential Outcomes Iv: Effects Of Dextromethorphan, Angela N. Gifford, Rowan Mcglasson, Whitney Mcshane, Erin Seabright, Nick Wobig, Nora Freetly

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Previous studies have demonstrated the potential for nicotine to enhance cognitive ability including learning, attention, and memory in both animal and human models. The effects of 62 nicotine were examined while subjects performed a discrimination task under delayed conditions. Subjects were trained under nondifferential outcomes (NDO), or differential outcomes (DO) procedures. While subjects that were trained under (DO) did exhibit performance gains across delays indicative of the differential outcomes effect (DOE), no evidence of significant performance gain as a function of nicotine exposure were found under either condition. We are currently engaged in a follow-up study using a wider range …

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Feminist Attitudes Of Non-Labelers, Janelle R. Derubeis, Grace Stanley, Emma Odiet, Gabrielle Dose Apr 2019

Feminist Attitudes Of Non-Labelers, Janelle R. Derubeis, Grace Stanley, Emma Odiet, Gabrielle Dose

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Recent studies on those who label themselves as feminists and non-feminists have become a popular topic of research. Past research has found that many women hold feminist values, but don’t label themselves as feminists. Those who identify as feminists have been found to have higher levels of well-being than those who do not identify as a feminist (Zucker & Bay-Cheng, 2010). Other benefits have been found such as empowerment, resilience against sexism, and improved body-image (Zucker & Bay-Cheng, 2010). Yet, many women continue to not identify with labeling themselves as feminists (Fitz, Zucker, & Bay-Cheng, 2012). In the current study, …

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Co-Imaging Of Polarity Proteins During Division Of The Drosophila Melanogaster Central Brain Neuroblast, Grace Jacobs, Sadie Spaeth Apr 2019

Co-Imaging Of Polarity Proteins During Division Of The Drosophila Melanogaster Central Brain Neuroblast, Grace Jacobs, Sadie Spaeth

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a widely used model system with which to study asymmetric cell division (ACD). ACD is a process within the neuroblast stem cell that results in the formation of polarized cell domains and eventually to two daughter cells of different fates – one cell becoming a neuron/glial cell, while the other self-renews as a stem cell. During ACD, errors in protein polarization along the apical/basal cortex of the cell can occur, leading to cell proliferation and the formation of tumor cells. So far, the pathway leading to polarization is largely understood, but the precise temporal …

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Genomic Diversity And Characterization Of Lungwoms, Janice B. Anoka, Jada Terry, Kendra Kappes, Lorine Onwonga, Shannon Moua Apr 2019

Genomic Diversity And Characterization Of Lungwoms, Janice B. Anoka, Jada Terry, Kendra Kappes, Lorine Onwonga, Shannon Moua

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Analysis of the genetic diversity of organisms plays an important role in research of related species and clinical applications. Lungworms (Dictyocaulus spp) have been identified in many species of ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the genomic variations of lungworms species, which could potentially lead to practical control methods and therapeutics in the distinct species of lungworms. To determine genetic relatedness, lungworm DNA was isolated from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), New Zealand Red deer (Cervus elaphus), Louisiana cattle (Bos taurus), Mississippi cattle, and Wisconsin cattle and extracted, amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis. …

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Design And Assembly Of A Carbon Fiber Professional Scooter, Austin T. Houska, Tyler Ross, Reese Sager, Nicole Tincher, Maria Wrage Apr 2019

Design And Assembly Of A Carbon Fiber Professional Scooter, Austin T. Houska, Tyler Ross, Reese Sager, Nicole Tincher, Maria Wrage

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

After reviewing the current professional grade scooter market, it was concluded that there is a definite need for weight reduction. The current market consists of rigid aluminum and titanium structures. This design is made primarily of unidirectional carbon fiber in an epoxy resin system. The deck of the scooter will be made with a high density foam core. Using carbon fiber to replace metal will provide a substantial weight reduction in the final assembly. Testing will be done to ensure that the scooter meets all required safety and dimensional requirements.

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An Analysis Of Aromatic Imine Antioxidant And Antibacterial Properties, Julia M. Fogarty Apr 2019

An Analysis Of Aromatic Imine Antioxidant And Antibacterial Properties, Julia M. Fogarty

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Reactive oxygen species are molecules that are byproducts of many cellular transduction pathways produced by oxidative phosphorylation. These reactive oxygen species have the ability to sporadically form single electron radicals that are dangerous in cellular function. Antioxidants are used to find these reactive oxygen species and neutralize them. This study is to find the antioxidative and potential 25 antibacterial properties of several aromatic imines (characterized by 300 MHz NMR, IR and melting point). The imines include 2-[(E)-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] methylidene} amino] phenol (A), 2-[(E)- (phenylmethylidene)amino]phenol (B), 2-[(E)-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylidene] amino]phenol (C), 2-[(E)- [(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]amino] phenol (F), {4-[(E)-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl]- phenyl}(oxido)nitroso (N), 2-[(E)-[(4-methoxyphenyl) methylidene]amino]phenol (O), and 2-[(E)-[(4- methylphenyl)methylidene] …

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Duloxetine Metabolism In The Presence Of Cytochr Ome P450 Inhibitors, Astyia Z. Franken-Golden Apr 2019

Duloxetine Metabolism In The Presence Of Cytochr Ome P450 Inhibitors, Astyia Z. Franken-Golden

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are important for drug metabolism. They chemically modify drugs to make them more soluble, which allows the drugs to be excreted from the body. Of the 30 CYP enzymes, 6 (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4/5) are of clinical interest because these enzymes are the key players in drug metabolism. Differences in genetics lead to individuals of the same species expressing different CYP enzymes. The different combination of CYP enzymes may affect the rate of drug metabolism or produce metabolites that may cause adverse side effects. Predicting drug metabolites and drug-drug interactions is important when designing …

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Condoms And Conservatives: Support For Planned Parenthood In Reference To Political Ideology By State, Zachary R. Listner Apr 2019

Condoms And Conservatives: Support For Planned Parenthood In Reference To Political Ideology By State, Zachary R. Listner

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

In recent years, Planned Parenthood funding is subjected to culture wars and dysfunctional partisan polarization. This research looks at the relationship between support, in terms of funding, for Planned Parenthood clinics by state, in reference to political ideology by state. By looking at the fiscal year budgets of 2018, this research examines the effects of politics on Planned Parenthood funding. Looking at the patterns between state budgets in terms of dollars and percent of the budget, tests whether politics are involved in deciding the amount of access to reproductive healthcare clinics. By examining a state by state level of political …

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The Enabler: Design And Fabrication Of An Assistive Walking Device With Wheels, Jonathan A. Hasan, Ryan Bruesewitz, Grant Fick, Chelsi Her, Kirstin Nelson Apr 2019

The Enabler: Design And Fabrication Of An Assistive Walking Device With Wheels, Jonathan A. Hasan, Ryan Bruesewitz, Grant Fick, Chelsi Her, Kirstin Nelson

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

The enabler is a device that provides a person in need of walking assistance the ability to walk fluidly and independently without having to lift the device off of the ground. The use of carbon fiber/epoxy 42 composite allows the device to maintain a high strength to weight ratio. It can adjust to a range of heights with an ergonomic handle and braking system. CAD modeling including SolidWorks and Fusion 360, aided in the 3D modeling of parts and in the development of CNC tool paths. Three wheels attached to the base plate provide fluid mobility and stability. The composite …

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Physiological Basis Of No-Go Decay With Sod1Δ Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Amber K. Lobb, Emily Cianflone, Madison Champine, Lindsey Bailey, Lucas Seaberg, Safa A. Mahina Apr 2019

Physiological Basis Of No-Go Decay With Sod1Δ Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Amber K. Lobb, Emily Cianflone, Madison Champine, Lindsey Bailey, Lucas Seaberg, Safa A. Mahina

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Chromium VI (Cr (VI)), a common byproduct of industry, induces oxidative stress in cells, resulting in altered gene expression, increased apoptosis, and cell death. Previous work has shown showed that Cr (VI) exposure results in the formation of 8-oxoguanines (8- oxo(G) bases) in mRNA. These 8-oxo(G) bases lead to ribosome stalls during translation and the activation of no-go decay. Upon ribosome stalls, no-go decay is activated. During no-go decay, the Dom34p/Hbsp1p complex acts to remove stalled ribosomes and promote endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged mRNA at the stall site. Although oxidative agents and other non-physiological substrates have been used to …

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Evaluation Of Javascript Photo Animation Applications., Sean B. Joyce Apr 2019

Evaluation Of Javascript Photo Animation Applications., Sean B. Joyce

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is an image format used to create and display a series of images to form an animation. GIF displays are used via memes, social media, texts, and emails. The popularity of this format has contributed to a surge of online JavaScript based animation applications. We present an evaluation of JavaScript photo animation applications that can ascertain the most usable, effective, and strongest applications. The evaluation is designed to test each aspect of several JavaScript applications to fully determine the strengths and weaknesses. Aspects used for evaluation included execution time, photo quantity limit, photo quality limit, file …

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Nucleotide Binding Investigation Of Wt And I698r Non-Canonical Haspin Kinase, Mitchell R. Maw Apr 2019

Nucleotide Binding Investigation Of Wt And I698r Non-Canonical Haspin Kinase, Mitchell R. Maw

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

The mitotic spindle protein kinase family is home to complexes that are active regulators of spindle formation cascades during metaphase and anaphase of mitosis. Of the proteins, non-canonical Haspin kinase has a unique structure allowing active site binding without phosphorylation of the activation loop motif. It is theorized that the unique formation of a β-sheet in the activation loop is responsible for the stabilization of Haspin in an active conformation. The mutation I698R was hypothesized to induce electrostatic repulsion between itself and residue R695 to destabilize the activation loop. Characterization of WT and I698R Haspin was achieved via SDS-PAGE and …

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Personality Traits And Exercise Motivation Among College Students, Theodore J. Mickelson, Hannah Kunkel, Abby Teply, Trevor Gibson, Alexa Jo Schafer Apr 2019

Personality Traits And Exercise Motivation Among College Students, Theodore J. Mickelson, Hannah Kunkel, Abby Teply, Trevor Gibson, Alexa Jo Schafer

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Exercise and its benefits have been studied for a long period of time. Something that has gained interest is identifying what influences individuals to exercise, and if personality has any impact. The purpose of this study was to understand if conscientiousness and neuroticism influenced different exercise motivations. Participants (N=97, Males= 39, Females= 58) were recruited from academic and athletic clubs at Winona State University. The participants filled out multiple inventories using paper and pencil. This study is looking in particular at the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 (EMI-2). Bivariate correlation analyses were conducted in order to examine …

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Spatial Working Memory Under Differential And Nondifferential Outcomes I: Effects Of Scopolamine, Rowan S. Mcglasson, Whitney Mcshane, Angela Gifford, Erin Seabright, Nick Wobig, Nora Freetly Apr 2019

Spatial Working Memory Under Differential And Nondifferential Outcomes I: Effects Of Scopolamine, Rowan S. Mcglasson, Whitney Mcshane, Angela Gifford, Erin Seabright, Nick Wobig, Nora Freetly

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

This project examined the effects of drugs associated with working memory on the accuracy of subjects completing tasks under differential outcomes (DO), that utilize a unique outcome after each stimulus and response sequence, or tasks with non-differential outcomes (NDO) where the two available outcomes randomly occur after each stimulus and response. Such drug can indicate neurochemical differences and similarities between these tasks, and insight into working memory. Tasks that administer differential outcomes are linked to prospective memory (foreseeing future events), while tasks with non-differential outcomes and common outcomes are associated with retrospective memory (memory of past events). Scopolamine, an acetylcholine …

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Synthesis And Electrochemical Characterization Of Pdco/Mwcnt Towards Formic Acid Fuel Cells, Jakeline V. Morataya Apr 2019

Synthesis And Electrochemical Characterization Of Pdco/Mwcnt Towards Formic Acid Fuel Cells, Jakeline V. Morataya

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

A growing global population, the technological advances being made, and the greater push towards greener energy bring a great need for alternative sources of energy. In order to keep up with ever increasing demands for energy, direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) show great promise. However, the need for a cost effective, robust and efficient anodic catalyst towards DFAFCs is still imminent. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficiency, conductivity, and stability of palladium and cobalt binary nanocomposites on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) substrate. Three 36 nanocomposites were synthesized with varying amounts of cobalt (0%, 10% and 15%) and …

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Winterization Of Langstroth Honey Bee Hives In The Midwest, Ashley Olichwier, Emily Hoffman Apr 2019

Winterization Of Langstroth Honey Bee Hives In The Midwest, Ashley Olichwier, Emily Hoffman

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

When people see a bee, there is often a frightening gasp or panicked running away that follows. When people hear the word bee, they can picture a wide range of insects including honey bees, bumble bees, wasps or hornets. Among pollinating insects, people have taken a special interest with modern honey bees. Honey bees are in the order Hymenoptera and part of the family Apidae. The most common species of honey kept in the United States is the Apis mellifera, known as the European honey bee. Due to their pollinating ability, they have become widely utilized for agricultural purposes. The …

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The Effects Of Social Exclusion And Personality On Social Connectedness, Melissa J. Martin Apr 2019

The Effects Of Social Exclusion And Personality On Social Connectedness, Melissa J. Martin

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

The current study examined the effects of social exclusion and personality on social connectedness. Past research has shown that social exclusion leads people to feel less social connection to other people in their lives. In addition, experimental studies have shown that participants who are socially excluded, in turn participate in less prosocial behaviors. Finally, past research presented has exhibited personality traits as a mediator of this relationship, specifically, extraversion. Research suggests that participants who are more extraverted are less likely to be as affected by the manipulation of social exclusion and its effects. The current study consisted of participants enrolled …

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Eating Behaviors And Cultural Influences On Appearance: What Is The Experience Of College Women?, Alexa Jo M. Schafer, Theodore Mickelson, Hannah Kunkel, Abby Teply, Trevor Gibson Apr 2019

Eating Behaviors And Cultural Influences On Appearance: What Is The Experience Of College Women?, Alexa Jo M. Schafer, Theodore Mickelson, Hannah Kunkel, Abby Teply, Trevor Gibson

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Previous research has shown that people who suffer from eating disorders are likely to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors and cultural pressure toward appearance. The purpose of the present study was to replicate previous studies examining unhealthy eating behaviors and cultural values of appearance among college women. It was hypothesized that approximately 50% of college women at WSU engage in unhealthy eating behaviors and college women who report unhealthy eating habits will also note greater awareness of cultural values toward appearance. Seventy-nine undergraduate women participated in a series of online surveys through Qualtrics. Variables examined for this project came from …

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Conflict In The Workplace: An Empirical Analysis Of The Antecedents And Resolutions, Elizabeth K. Schamber, Anneliese Davis Apr 2019

Conflict In The Workplace: An Empirical Analysis Of The Antecedents And Resolutions, Elizabeth K. Schamber, Anneliese Davis

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Various types of conflict can be identified in organizations, such as interpersonal conflict, team conflict, and inter-group conflict. Conflict resolution is crucial in the workplace to create a healthy and happy work environment employees want to work in. Without effective conflict resolution, it would be hard for people to get along, quality work wouldn’t get done, and it would be difficult to communicate effectively between employees, teams, and departments. This report will focus on the different underlying causes of conflict at the individual level in the workplace and what strategies are used to solve these conflicts. The information collected for …

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Bat Monitoring By Echolocation For Upper Mississippi National Wildlife And Fish Refuge, Us Fish & Wildlife Service, Amy A. Scherer Apr 2019

Bat Monitoring By Echolocation For Upper Mississippi National Wildlife And Fish Refuge, Us Fish & Wildlife Service, Amy A. Scherer

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Exercise On Glycemic Response After Consumption Of Monster Energy, Bailey J. Sapa, Arden Heath, James Gronseth, Kevin Leask Apr 2019

Effects Of Exercise On Glycemic Response After Consumption Of Monster Energy, Bailey J. Sapa, Arden Heath, James Gronseth, Kevin Leask

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Energy drinks have been anecdotally associated with deleterious cardiovascular health outcomes. These drinks contain ingredients, including but not limited to caffeine, which could affect glycemic response to the carbohydrate ingredients in the drink. Exercise alters insulin sensitivity and could be a factor related to the response to acute energy drink response. The aim of this study was to determine if acute exercise would alter the glycemic and physiological response to the consumption of Monster Energy ©. Following an overnight fast, human subjects (age 19.11±1.39; 30 female; 5 male) were randomized to exercise on a stationary bike at 33% of their …

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Common Carp Abundance And Age Structure In East And West Lake Winona, Avery Schnaser, Chris Kluzak Apr 2019

Common Carp Abundance And Age Structure In East And West Lake Winona, Avery Schnaser, Chris Kluzak

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

The objective of this project was to determine if populations of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in East Lake Winona varied from West Lake Winona carp populations in abundance and age/size structure. Field work included boat-electrofishing along shorelines of East and West Lake Winona, extracting 3-4 scales, weighing, and measuring length of each Common Carp caught. Lab work included aging each common carp caught using a dissecting microscope, fine-tip permanent marker, and calipers to determine the distance of each growth ring from the center of the scale. A total of 44 Common Carp were sampled during the study, 14 individuals from …

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Size And Abundance Of Brown Trout Associated With Under-Bank Cover And Mid-Channel Boulders In Garvin Brook's 2014 And 2017 Habitat Improvement Projects, Alicia L. Skolte Apr 2019

Size And Abundance Of Brown Trout Associated With Under-Bank Cover And Mid-Channel Boulders In Garvin Brook's 2014 And 2017 Habitat Improvement Projects, Alicia L. Skolte

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Stream habitat improvement (HI) projects are an integral part of management for Brown Trout in southeastern Minnesota, and this study examined the size and abundance of trout associated with various artificial cover structures in two improved sections of Garvin Brook. Both improved reaches (construction in 2014 and 2017) incorporated large, mid-channel cover boulders, but reaches differed in the type of under-bank cover structure used (LUNKERs [2014] versus skyhooks [2017]). Electrofishing was used to capture Brown Trout associated with individual or clustered cover structures (5 boulders and 5 bank covers per reach), with all trout then weighed (g) and measured (mm …

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Concentration Of Mestranol In Wastewater Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Lauren F. Sperling Apr 2019

Concentration Of Mestranol In Wastewater Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Lauren F. Sperling

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

A prevalent estrogen found in oral contraceptives, such as birth control, is the estrogen mimic mestranol. Mestranol has been found to have a negative impact on the environment and is causing an increase in the feminization of fish. It has also been found to have adverse health effects on humans such as endocrine disruption. In this study, mestranol was analyzed using UV detection. Mestranol absorbs UV light efficiently at 274 nm. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an ideal method for non-volatile compounds. Reverse phase liquid chromatography and polar solvents were used in order to determine the specific concentration of …

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Does Teamwork Make The Dream Work? Fire Service Consolidation In Minnesota’S Eighth Congressional District, Jacob D. Skluzacek Apr 2019

Does Teamwork Make The Dream Work? Fire Service Consolidation In Minnesota’S Eighth Congressional District, Jacob D. Skluzacek

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Local governments consider consolidation as an answer to providing more cost-efficient services. Since 1815 when New Orleans merged with Orleans Parish, Louisiana, many different governments have experimented with consolidation. The research shows that consolidation does not lead to lower costs or higher efficiency. This study applies this framework to Minnesota’s Eighth Congressional District’s 180 fire departments, some of which are consolidated, to determine if the consolidated districts spend less while also improving efficiency. Minnesota’s Eighth Congressional District is selected to provide a large sample size for data analysis. It also provides opportunities for comparative analysis between urban and rural departments …

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Effects Of Anti-Amyloidogenic Properties Of Antioxidants On Bovine Gamma Globulin And Hen Egg White Lysozyme Using Thioflavin T Fluorescence And Circular Dichroism Spectrometry, Samantha Skaar Apr 2019

Effects Of Anti-Amyloidogenic Properties Of Antioxidants On Bovine Gamma Globulin And Hen Egg White Lysozyme Using Thioflavin T Fluorescence And Circular Dichroism Spectrometry, Samantha Skaar

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Alzheimer’s disease is an age-linked disease which involves cognitive impairment secondary to neurodegeneration. The formation of beta-amyloid fibrils in between neurons is a major mechanism contributing to this disease pathology. The formation and degradation of these proteins have been a major target in research for this debilitating disease. Natural compounds have been shown to have antiamyloidogenic properties and have gained popularity within certain niches. The following natural compounds were added in different concentrations to beta-amyloid fibrils formed in vitro, using bovine gamma globulin (GG) and hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL): Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive compound found in green tea extract; …

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Exploration Of Hydrolysis Pathways Of Alkyl And Aryl Phosphites, Isaac F. Viss Apr 2019

Exploration Of Hydrolysis Pathways Of Alkyl And Aryl Phosphites, Isaac F. Viss

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Alkyl and aryl phosphites have been modeled using the B3LYP DFT functional and the 6-31++G** basis sets for all atoms. Energies of the reactants are compared to the intermediate and product structures to determine the thermodynamic favorabilities of the different hydrolysis pathways. Hydrolysis mechanisms under acidic, basic, and neutral conditions are explored. Substituent effects on pathway preferences and energies are described. Bronsted base properties of the modeled phosphites have been explored concurrently.

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Double-Bundle Versus Single-Bundle Acl Reconstruction: Effects On, Ian A. Shields Apr 2019

Double-Bundle Versus Single-Bundle Acl Reconstruction: Effects On, Ian A. Shields

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Clinical Scenario: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are common in the active population. Two common surgical reconstruction techniques include double-bundle and single-bundle ACL reconstruction. Focused Clinical Question: In patients with ACL injuries, what is the effect of single-bundle reconstruction compared to double-bundle reconstruction on stability? The pivot shift test and IKDC index scores showed more stability in the double-bundle ACL reconstruction. Search Strategy: Patients include competitive and recreational athletes who have experienced an ACL rupture and qualified for reconstructive surgery. Exclusion criteria were patients with graft failures, history of a contralateral knee injury, severe osteoarthritic conditions, multi-ligamentous injuries, or any skeletal …

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Morphogenesis: Pharyngeal Arch Development In Ambystoma Tigrinum, Madison M. Worke, Taylor Cooper, Emily Krahn, Amy Broll Apr 2019

Morphogenesis: Pharyngeal Arch Development In Ambystoma Tigrinum, Madison M. Worke, Taylor Cooper, Emily Krahn, Amy Broll

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

This study examines pharyngeal arch (PA) development in the eastern tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) during transformation. The PA is a series of six arches that give structure to the gills and is involved in feeding and moving water across the pharyngeal and branchial chambers. Proper remodeling of the PA during transformation is essential to ensure proper respiratory functioning and feeding in terrestrial salamanders. Salamander carcasses were obtained from salamanders that died before, during, or after transformation to a terrestrial state. The carcasses were cleared and stained with alcian blue (cartilage identification) and alizarin red (bone identification) to evaluate PA remodeling …

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Effects Of Caffeine On Prospective And Retrospective Working Memory In Rodents, Erin N. Seabright, Nick Wobig, Nora Freetly, Angela Gifford, Rowan Mcglasson, Whitney Mcshane Apr 2019

Effects Of Caffeine On Prospective And Retrospective Working Memory In Rodents, Erin N. Seabright, Nick Wobig, Nora Freetly, Angela Gifford, Rowan Mcglasson, Whitney Mcshane

Undergraduate Research Celebration 2019

Caffeine is a substance that many people now consider to be a necessary part of their daily routines due to its desired effect of keeping us awake and functional. It’s been subject to much 59 debate over the years as to how it affects performance in terms of memory and cognitive ability. In our study, we examined the performance of 15 male rats in a delayed matching-toposition task (delayed from 1-20 seconds) after administering intraperitoneal injections of caffeine (10 mg/kg) to assess their levels of working memory and compared them to a control group that was similarly injected with saline. …

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