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Perioperative Depression And Anxiety Care In Older Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Joanna Abraham, Katherine J Holzer, Simon Haroutounian, Bethany Pennington, Ana Baumann, Ryan Calfee, Theresa Cordner, Kenneth E Freedland, Thomas Kannampallil, Benjamin Kozower, Emily Lenard, J Philip Miller, Mary Politi, Michael Yingling, Michael S Avidan, Eric J Lenze

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Depression and anxiety are common among older adults undergoing surgery and are associated with adverse postoperative outcomes. However, effective tailored perioperative mental health interventions are lacking.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a perioperative intervention to optimize mental health.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A single-blind, hybrid, type 1, effectiveness-implementation randomized clinical trial was conducted (November 1, 2022, to March 31, 2025), with 3-month postoperative follow-up, at a US academic and community practice hospital network. Participants were 60 years or older; scheduled for cardiac, oncologic, or orthopedic surgery; and had clinically meaningful symptoms of depression and/or anxiety based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-Anxiety …

Pda (Privacy-Preserving Distributed Algorithms) In Action: Ten Principles For High-Quality Multi-Site Clinical Evidence Generation, Yong Chen, Chongliang Luo, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Distributed Research Networks (DRNs) offer significant opportunities for collaborative multi-site research and have significantly advanced healthcare research based on clinical observational data. However, generating high-quality real-world evidence using fit-for-use data from multi-site studies faces important challenges, including biases associated with various types of heterogeneity within and across sites and data sharing difficulties. Over the last 10 years, Privacy-Preserving Distributed Algorithms (PDA) have been developed and utilized in numerous national and international real-world studies spanning diverse domains, from comparative effectiveness research, target trial emulation, to healthcare delivery, policy evaluation, and system performance assessment. Despite these advances, there remains a lack …

Irs: Iterative Reference Selection Improves Normalization Of Microbiome Sequencing Data, Yiming Shi, Lili Liu, Jun Chen, Kristine M Wylie, Todd N Wylie, Sung Hee Park, Ruiwen Zhou, Yin Cao, Stephanie A Fritz, Molly J Stout, Maria Cristina Vazquez Guillamet, Lei Liu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Microbiome studies often seek to determine how the absolute abundances of individual taxa change across biological conditions, yet sequencing read counts are sample-specific scaled representations of those abundances. Because sampling depth can differ across samples, fold changes calculated directly from sequencing read counts do not generally represent absolute-abundance fold changes. Normalization methods attempt to account for these between-sample differences in sampling depth, but their accuracy depends on the reference used. In particular, total-sum scaling uses all taxa as the reference and can introduce compositional bias. Reference-based methods instead rely on taxa that are stable across conditions, but contamination of the …

Unlocking Cis-Regulatory Landscapes Across 500 Million Years Of Evolution And Disease Mechanisms, Tássia Mangetti Gonçalves, Casey L Stewart, Samantha D Baxley, Jason Xu, Kevin Boyer, Bijesh George, Daofeng Li, Chengran Yang, Harrison W Gabel, Xianhua Piao, Carlos Cruchaga, Yang E Li, Ting Wang, Oshri Avraham, Guoyan Zhao

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Genomic DNA encodes regulatory information that determines where, when, and to what extent genes are expressed. Theoretically, we should be able to identify these transcriptional "instructions" by examining genomic DNA sequence alone, yet this has remained challenging. Here we present the Vertebrate Regulatory MOdule Detector (VRMOD), a method that accurately predicts gene regulatory sequences using only the query genomic sequences. We applied VRMOD to 309 Ensembl genomes, generating a compendium of high-resolution, genome-position-fixed

A Multiancestry Polygenic Risk Score For Alzheimer's Disease Is Associated With Cognitive Decline And Neuropathological Hallmarks In Diverse Populations, Nuzulul Kurniansyah, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Previously derived polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) perform inconsistently across diverse ancestries. We developed an APOE-independent multiancestry AD PRS using genome-wide association study summary statistics applied to European ancestry, African American, Caribbean Hispanic and East Asian cohorts. PRS performance was evaluated in a large independent multiancestry dataset and validated in several additional multiancestry cohorts. The PRS was significantly associated with AD in European ancestry, African American, Caribbean Hispanic and Native American Hispanic groups with adjusted odds ratios between 1.14 and 1.52 per PRS standard deviation. PRS performance was validated in the replication cohorts (odds ratios: 1.21-1.65). The …

Dnl343 And Disease Progression In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Sabrina Paganoni, Timothy Miller, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: DNL343 is a brain-penetrant small molecule that acts as an activator of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2b), designed to inhibit the integrated stress response. A prior phase 1B trial of DNL343 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) provided evidence of a favorable safety profile, central nervous system penetrance, and target engagement based on integrated stress response biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 200-mg formulation of DNL343 given once daily in individuals living with ALS.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: DNL343 was evaluated as a regimen of the HEALEY ALS Platform Trial, …

Organic Pesticides: A General Overview, Marion Murray, Ann Mull

All Current Publications

Organic pesticides are naturally occurring, nonsynthetic, or minimally processed substances that control unwanted organisms in the environment. Categories include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and miticides.

“Voices Of Tomorrow”: A Youth Participatory Action Research Study Of A Middle School Advisory In An Urban Public Charter School, Seth Hull

Theses and Dissertations

Urban middle schools often grapple with how to create spaces that affirm students’ identities and foster authentic engagement within a broader landscape shaped by standardized testing and accountability pressures. This dissertation examines Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) and advisory as two relationally grounded practices that can address these challenges. Grounded in critical hope (Zembylas, 2013), culturally sustaining pedagogy (Paris & Alim, 2017), and community responsive education (Duncan-Andrade, 2022), the study explores the experiences of 12 middle school students who spent seven months investigating their school’s advisory program as student-researchers, as well as the findings that emerged about advisory. Data sources …

Human Capital Disclosure And Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence From Regulation S-K, Jung Ho Choi, Dan Li, Daniele Macciocchi

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We examine the labor market consequences of the 2020 Regulation S-K requiring human capital disclosure in 10K filings. Using large-sample job-level data and a Generative Large Language Model (GLLM), we observe that public firms subject to the regulation increase their disclosure of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) information in job postings relative to a matched sample of large private firms. The increase in job-posting disclosure is more pronounced among firms facing greater external pressure to increase their workforce diversity. These findings suggest a shift in demand for diverse candidates by public firms following the regulation. Yet, consistent with short-term inelastic …

Measuring Quality Of Life In Advanced Chronic Liver Disease With Fact-Hep: Findings From The Pal Liver Trial, Manisha Verma, Binu John, Don Rockey, Sid Barritt, Victor Navarro, Linda Shaw, Andrzej Kosinski, Elliot Tapper, Archita Desai

Einstein Health Papers

BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly incorporated into hepatology research, yet few have been rigorously evaluated, particularly among patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) captures multidimensional liver disease-specific burden, while the disease-agnostic PROMIS-29 assesses physical and mental health broadly. We evaluated the performance of FACT-Hep and its relationship to PROMIS-29 among participants with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) enrolled in a prospective multicenter clinical trial.

METHODS: Baseline data were analyzed from 935 participants enrolled in the PAL LIVER trial. This study enrolled patients with Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) B/C cirrhosis and/or with HCC. Health-related quality of …

Folding The 4-H Clove-Air, Claes Thelemarck

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Diets For Body Weight Reduction, Alan Aragon, Bill I. Campbell, Brad J. Schoenfield, Jeffrey Stout, Douglas Kalman, Paul J. Arciero, Shawn Arent, Richard Kreider, Lem Taylor, Laurent Bannock, Robert E.C. Wildman, Chad Kerksick, Jose Antonio

Faculty Scholarship

The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) has developed an official position on diets for body weight reduction. This critical analysis of the literature is intended to provide a scientific foundation for practitioners, coaches, and trainees regarding the effects of the major diet types in adults who are generally healthy, physically active, and/or athletic, while drawing from clinical research in those with overweight/obesity, when relevant. This position stand does not address acute dehydration-based weight cutting, pharmacotherapy (i.e. GLP-1RAs), or bariatric surgery. The following 15 points constitute the Position Statement of the Society; the Research Committee has approved them.

1. Diets for …

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Borderplex Business Barometer, Volume 10, Number 9, Thomas M. Fullerton Jr., Steven L. Fullerton

Border Region Modeling Project

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Mettl3/14-Mediated M6a Modification In Human Transcriptome Using Nanopore Direct Rna Sequencing, Emily Kurtyan, Andrew J. Stein, Kelly J. Abdalla, Zhangerjiao Yuan, Miten Jain, Fadia Ibrahim

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Post-transcriptional RNA modifications modulate diverse aspects of RNA metabolism. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), one of the most abundant internal RNA modifications, is deposited by the core methyltransferase complex, METTL3 and METTL14. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platform permits direct, single RNA molecule sequencing while preserving native modifications. However, without rigorous benchmarking, the accuracy and reproducibility of modification detection remain uncertain. Here, we leveraged ONT to comprehensively profile bona fide m6A modifications in cellular RNAs at single-nucleotide resolution by integrating two direct RNA sequencing chemistries (RNA002 and RNA004) with the m6Anet and Dorado modification-detection models. We independently depleted METTL3 and METTL14 in human cells …

Two-Dimensional Mo2b2tx Mbenes For Selective Sensing Of Disease-Associated Vocs In Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Puspamitra Panigrahi, Kulothungan Balasundaram, Yash Pal, Mukesh K. Choudhary, Hyeonhu Bae, Hoonkyung Lee, Ravindra Pandey, Akshaya Panigrahi, Tanveer Hussain

Michigan Tech Publications

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of global mortality, driving the need for non-invasive early detection methods. Analysis of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, such as acetone, hexane, hexanal, isoprene, and pentane, offers a promising diagnostic pathway. However, the selective detection of these low-concentration VOC biomarkers remains a significant challenge. This study employs a combination of theoretical approaches, such as density functional theory (DFT), STM-based tunnelling model aligned with the Tersoff-Hamann approximation, and thermodynamic analysis via the Langmuir adsorption model, to assess the sensing capabilities of two-dimensional (2D) MBenes (Mo2B2Tx) monolayers toward the targeted VOCs. The results …

Doping-Induced Modulation Of Quantum Capacitance And Electron Transport In The B3o3 Monolayer, Narender Kumar, Mukesh K. Choudhary, Boddepalli Santhibhushan, Ravindra Pandey

Michigan Tech Publications

We investigate how the electronic and transport properties of the recently synthesized B3O3 monolayer are modified through substitutional and adsorbed functionalization with second-row elements of the periodic table, including Li, C, N, and F. Using density functional theory, we analyze the density of states, magnetic moments, work functions, quantum capacitance and current-voltage characteristics of the functionalized monolayer. The results show a strong dependence on both the nature of the functionalizing atom and its lattice incorporation site. Several configurations introduce a finite magnetic moment and pronounced spin-dependent electronic states, while most of them modify the work function. The Li@adsorbed B3O3 monolayer …

Peaks Island Star : September 2026, Vol. 46, Issue 9, Service Agencies Of The Island

Peaks Island Star, 2026

The Peaks Island Star is the newsletter of the island's service agencies and other community news.

The Coming Health Insurance Transition, Brendan S. Maher

Faculty Scholarship

For decades, the dominant form of private health insurance in the United States—by far—has been employment-based group health insurance. Somewhere in the range of 175 million employees and their families receive health care coverage through a system in which employers serve as financiers, procurers, administrators, and fiduciaries of the health insurance promise. An overwhelming percentage of those health insurance arrangements are governed by ERISA, with little room for state law.

That is going to change.

This Article explains—for the first time anywhere—why and how. Because of the tremendous and as-yet unrecognized power of an obscure-sounding funding arrangement called the Individual …

Longitudinal Patterns Of Fentanyl Utilisation (Medical Versus Illicit Sources) In The United States 2015-2023: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Seungyeon Lee, Wenyu Song, David W Bates, Richard D Urman, Ping Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Over the last decade, fentanyl use in the U.S. has experienced a dramatic shift, largely driven by a rise in illicit fentanyl and its role in the opioid overdose crisis. Characterizing individual-level illicit fentanyl exposure poses significant challenges, as such use often occurs outside clinical settings and is not directly captured in clinical data, making it difficult to measure its true scale and impact.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Epic Cosmos, a large U.S. electronic health record dataset comprising over 300 million patients across inpatient and outpatient settings nationwide (January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2023). …

Connected But Disconnected: A Covid-19 Youth Participatory Action Research Study, Vianney Atugonza, Jodi Dworkin, Stacey S. Horn, Joanna A. Tzenis, Samantha Lebouef

Journal of Youth Development

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced most schools across the U.S. to close and transition to remote learning. Families were forced to transform their homes into classrooms while facing challenges to their health, finances, and social connections. To better understand how young people experienced these changes, a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) project was employed to engage young people in naming, exploring, and sharing their experiences during this time. Nine high school youth leaders were trained as researchers to conduct interviews with their peers. These youth scholars were also trained on how to code, sort, and disseminate data and results. …

Exploring 21st-Century Skills In A Summer Camp: A Qualitative Methodological Triangulation Approach, Alexander Bowman, Jing Song

Journal of Youth Development

Despite the recognized importance of 21st-century skills and the substantial body of research on these skills, little is known about how to identify growth in these skills. The lack of reliable methods to measure 21st-century skill growth presents a challenge for the design of relevant learning environments and for evaluating if such learning environments are effective. Using a qualitative methodological triangulation approach, this study explored camp counselors’ learning processes. Using a systematic data integration method, field observations were synthesized with participant reflections about how their skills develop. Data were collected from 13 high-school-aged junior camp counselors at a summer camp …

Becoming Who I Am: How Youth Leadership Experiences Shape Lifelong Leadership Journeys, Dustin Evatt, Deborah Acker, Parker R. Watson, Jennifer T. Peters

Journal of Youth Development

Youth leadership experiences have the power to shape individuals’ values, identities, and leadership behaviors well into adulthood, yet limited empirical research has examined how these formative experiences contribute to leadership development over time. This study examines the long-term impact of youth leadership experiences using the six-stage Leadership Identity Development (LID) model as a guiding and interpretive framework by exploring the journeys of alumni from the Shelton Challenge, a six-day immersive high school leadership program at NC State University rooted in values-based and positive youth development (PYD) principles. Using narrative inquiry, we conducted interviews and focus groups with 30 alumni ages …

4-H Program Staff Perceptions Of Including Youth With Disabilities, Brittney Muschetto, Amy Leman

Journal of Youth Development

This study’s focus is to examine 4-H youth development county program staff’s perceptions of the inclusion of youth with disabilities in the Illinois 4-H program. The majority of program staff identified positive perceptions about including youth with disabilities in 4-H. However, they also noted that there was a need for more staff training to adequately include youth with disabilities in 4-H programming. As more youth are being diagnosed with disabilities, 4-H must continue to improve its knowledge and skills to make 4-H inclusive to all youth.

A Hip-Hop-Based Workshop Cultivates Urban Underserved Youths’ Critical Consciousness Around Food Systems, Jacob Rowell, Hannah Scherer, Kim Niewolny, Anthony Kwame Harrison, Kendrick Spencer

Journal of Youth Development

Hip hop is social commentary and critique that highlights the complexity of issues within society, including systemic inequity in the food system, which disproportionately affects urban and African American populations. After-school and non-formal programs are innovative educational opportunities to engage youth in learning about and addressing local problems through culturally-relevant program design and enactment of critical pedagogy. To meaningfully connect middle-school-aged urban youth, their lived experiences, and inequities in the food system, we designed a hip-hop-based workshop and delivered it in an established afterschool program. In this qualitative case study, we explored participants’ critical consciousness related to the food system …

A Billion People In The Shadows: Understanding Disability, Kelly Dziak

Journal of Youth Development

The disability community is the largest minority group and encompasses people of all ages and backgrounds. Despite its size, members of this community frequently encounter social, educational, and economic barriers that limit opportunities for full participation. Youth development programs have the potential to support skill-building and foster a sense of belonging. However, professionals often face challenges to effectively support individuals with disabilities including limited training and accessibility barriers. A Billion People in the Shadows: The Ultimate 1-Hour Guide to Understanding Disability by Doug McCullough provides practical guidance for improving understanding and support for this population. Drawing on personal experiences with …

A More Perfect Union: An Examination Of The Film, Salt Of The Earth, And The American Labor Movement, Amber Montgomery

Say Something Theological: The Student Journal of Theological Studies

This paper examines the film, Salt of the Earth, which is based on the actual events of the Mine-Mill strike that took place in Hanover, New Mexico, in 1949. The strike was organized by Mexican workers with the help of their wives. The fight was over workers’ rights, as well as their dignity. At the same time, another fight was taking place. The wives of these miners were also seeking equality within their marriages, serving as a parallel narrative to the strike. To understand the environment at this time, this paper will also analyze American politics during this period, …

Proxy End-Of-Life Decision-Making: Ethical, Religious And Existential Dimensions, Deborah Kaufman Giordano

Say Something Theological: The Student Journal of Theological Studies

End-of-life decision-making conducted by medical proxies on behalf of incapacitated loved ones presents profound theological, ethical, and existential challenges. In the qualitative study “Influence of Culture and Spiritual Tradition on Support for Families of Children Dying in Intensive Care Units” (Journal of Pediatric Nursing), Ju et al found that the most painful moment for parents and proxies was not the death itself, but the agonizing decision to withdraw life-sustaining treatment. As a hospital chaplain, I have witnessed these moments where faith, culture, and medical ethics collide. This paper argues that proxy decision-making cannot be understood solely through the lens of …

Evaluating The Case Against Fda Independence, Patricia J. Zettler, Rachel E. Sachs

Utah Law Review

Many former FDA officials, both politically-appointed leaders and those from the career ranks, as well as numerous FDA scholars have advocated for increased FDA independence in varied forms, and for good reason. At the same time, there are advantages to FDA’s current structure, and there may be ways to insulate career scientific experts’ decisions from political influence and to address other problems by generating independence, without overhauling the agency’s design. Policymakers should consider all options, as particular independence features may, or may not, be the best way, to address concerns about FDA’s capacity to carry out its vital public health …

A Primer Of Medical Device Regulation: How To Go From Reactive To Proactive To Better Protect Patient Safety, Sneha Dave, Rita F. Redberg

Utah Law Review

FDA oversight of medical devices has too often been reactive, following preventable disasters rather than based on a proactive commitment to patient safety. The history of the device framework, the expansion of expedited pathways, weak postmarket surveillance, broad preemption, and conflicted patient advocacy together create a perfect storm of a regulatory environment that tolerates uncertainty and externalizes costs onto patients. Reforms such as time‑limited breakthrough status, mandatory and enforceable postmarket studies, requirements for more robust safety and efficacy data, and strengthened reporting duty for clinicians would move device regulation closer to FDA’s statutory mandate to protect public health. It would …

Medical Device Regulation: We Can’T Just Go Back (Nor Should We), George Horvath

Utah Law Review

For much of the twentieth century, the federal Food and Drug Administration maintained its reputation as the preeminent regulatory agency, renowned for providing vigilant and scientifically rigorous oversight that ensured the safety and effectiveness of drugs and medical devices. But a former FDA commissioner recently lamented that “[t]he FDA as we’ve known it is finished.” Many commentators have raised concerns that reductions in force will leave the Agency understaffed, that these shortages will prolong review times, and that the standards applied to premarket evaluations of medical products will allow unsafe and ineffective products to reach the market. But in the …