Digital Commons Network^™

Powered Parachute Vehicle For Crew Transportation On Mars, Louis J. Spier

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

To support possible future human presence on Mars where bases are likely to be spread apart, aerial vehicles could be used to transport crew and cargo between them. Designing and operating such a vehicle is very challenging because of the low atmospheric density on Mars compared to Earth, the logistics involved with transporting it to Mars, and the infrastructure necessary to operate it. This study discusses the problems involved with designing, building, and operating fixed-wing and powered parachute aircraft on Mars and presents a concept involving a powered parachute vehicle utilizing an inflatable parachute wing that can be packed together …

Locating Bitcoin: Jurisdictional Challenges And Solutions In Digital Asset Law, Ethan Gibson

Florida Journal of International Law

As Bitcoin penetrates the global financial system, its legal classification becomes crucial for determining the appropriate substantive law in both public international law and private international law. This Note argues that Bitcoin, a decentralized digital commodity, is analogous to tangible, movable property for purposes of defining prescriptive jurisdiction. Bitcoin’s unique attributes—its inherent value and rivalrous nature—qualify it as digital, yet tangible property, and suggests that it can have a physical situs. The property’s situs can determine which jurisdiction’s substantive law can apply. By examining different Bitcoin custody models, including single-key wallets, multi-signature wallets, and brain wallets, this Note explores the …

Shrooming Ahead: How The U.S. Is Marching Toward Psilocybin Legalization And What Other Countries May Learn, Titus Scheid

Florida Journal of International Law

The United States is traveling with momentum toward a statutory framework in which the consumption of psilocybin for therapeutic purposes is legal. The psychedelic substance has already been legalized or decriminalized in several cities and states. Most countries, however, have seen no such movement toward legalization. This Note explores how the U.S. psilocybin movement could become a model for other countries to follow suit. Despite long-standing federal roadblocks, the U.S. is starting to excel in terms of individual activism, non-profit organization campaigning, and private investment.

Although psilocybin is subject to widely differing legal treatments throughout the world, it is undeniably …

Wto "Chapeau" Jurisprudence And Its Discontent, Julia Y. Qin

Florida Journal of International Law

This Article examines WTO’s jurisprudence on the introductory clause (the “chapeau”) of the general exceptions in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). These general exceptions allow WTO members to depart from GATT and GATS obligations in order to pursue specific nontrade policies, such as public health and the environment. In practice, it has proven difficult for countries to invoke the general exceptions successfully. One major obstacle has been the chapeau requirement of nondiscrimination, which, under jurisprudence developed by WTO’s Appellate Body (AB), has become the final barrier for the …

War Of The Unknown: The Increase In Cybercrime Reveals A Lack Of Remedy And Protection Under International Law, Ava Fields

Florida Journal of International Law

The rapid growth of cybercrime poses significant challenges to the international legal framework, revealing gaps in both remedy and protection. This Note examines the rise of cybercrime and its causes, and highlights the inadequacies of current international legal mechanisms. This Note will do so by delving into three prominent case studies to illustrate these challenges and will provide possible solutions to these issues.

Global Energy Transition: Reflecting On Cop 28 And Case Studies Of Qatar And Morocco, Rafael Leal-Arcas, Vishakha Joshi, Dyuti Pandya

Florida Journal of International Law

This Article examines the contemporary framework for energy transition, focusing on the regulatory and legal obstacles inherent in the transition process. Part I provides an introduction and delves into the intricate interplay between trade dynamics and the establishment of smart grids, evaluating their impact on shaping the energy landscape. The concept of climate-resilient electricity grids is explored in Part I, particularly through the lens of digital solutions adopted in jurisdictions such as India, China, and the United States. Part II discusses the evolving framework set forth by Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP 28) for the implementation of smart …

Contributions Of Climate Finance And Human Rights Responsibilities In Shaping A North-South Outbound Climate Fdi Promotion Commitment, Zaker Ahmad

Florida Journal of International Law

The distribution of global climate finance is unjust, due to it concentrating on developed nations while leaving developing countries facing a growing shortfall of funds. This Article advocates for incentivizing climate-friendly outbound foreign direct investment (OFDI) from developed to developing countries (i.e., North to South) as a potential solution to this persistent challenge. It demonstrates that additional normative support for such a proposition can be drawn from climate change and human rights legal regimes. Under the climate regime, developed countries remain under a strict obligation to provide financial support. In the human rights regime, recent jurisprudential development shows that the …

The Impact Of Age, Health, And Education On Public Attitudes Towards Covid-19 Vaccines In Ireland, Kate Buckley, Aisling Burke, Chloe Holland, Clodagh O'Flynn

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Abstract:

Introduction: Studies have revealed that age, health status and 3^rd level education influence public attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the public’s attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine two years post-pandemic.

Methods: Ethical approval was obtained for the study. A total of 241 participants who provided informed consent were surveyed anonymously using closed-ended, open-ended and Likert Scale questions. Associations between specific demographics and vaccination attitudes were established using SPSS software.

Results: A higher percentage of 25–34-year-olds and 35–44-year-olds regretted receiving COVID-19 vaccines (46.6% and 37.5% …

An Investigation Into The Attitudes Of People Living In Ireland Towards The Legalisation Of Euthanasia, Aoife Crowley, Katie Dwyer, Caoimhe Kelleher

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Euthanasia or assisted dying is currently illegal in Ireland. This research project aimed to investigate the attitudes of people living in Ireland towards the potential legalisation of euthanasia through analysis of results from a survey created on Google forms. This survey was distributed to 294 people, aged 18-75 years old, focusing on factors that could possibly influence an individual’s opinion towards the legalisation of euthanasia such as religious beliefs, age, gender and area of study/work. Upon analysis of the responses, participants who did not have strong religious beliefs were more likely to support the legalisation of euthanasia than those who …

Sex Differences And Cytokine Profiles In Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ella Margaret Bartley Miss

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by persistent inflammation, joint destruction, and notable differences in prevalence and severity between sexes. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), are well established mediators of RA pathology. Although extensive research has elucidated their pathological roles, the influence of sex on cytokine profiles and RA outcomes remains undefined.

This review examines preclinical and clinical studies analysing sex-specific cytokine responses in RA. Findings reveal that female patients and experimental models exhibit higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators, with oestrogen and androgen signalling playing relevant …

Full Issue: The International Undergraduate Journal Of Health Sciences, Volume 6, Issue 1, July 2026

International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences

Full Issue: The International Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences, Volume 6, Issue 1, July 2026.

The Efficacy Of Title 42 During The U.S. Southern Border Crisis And Covid-19 Pandemic: Analyzing The Effects On The Migration Of Asylum Seekers, Matthew Pearl

Florida Journal of International Law

When the pandemic began, the United States invoked 42 U.S.C. § 265 as a means of restricting immigration in the name of national health. This Note explores the consequences of this action for prospective immigrants, the inconsistencies between the United States’ immigration actions and their international legal obligations, and steps the United States might take moving forward.

The Amalgamation Of Corporate Social Responsibility In Environmental Laws, Shawon Priya Binu

Florida Journal of International Law

This Article investigates whether Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be incorporated under the realm of Environmental law. It discusses the hazardous business activities by some Bangladeshi and international business enterprises. Further, this Article explores the definition of CSR and approaches taken by certain countries under their respective public policies. This Article unveils international legislation, including the legislation of Bangladesh and how this legislation treats the concept of CSR. This Article focuses on the position of the United Nations (UN), with regard to establishing environmental rights as fundamental ones, and how the UN’s approach has affected many countries’ views on environmental …

The Impact Of Abortion Laws On The Rights Of Future Generations In Climate Change Litigation, Laura Chiu

Florida Journal of International Law

In their own respects, the United States of America, the Republic of Korea (Korea), and India are three vastly different countries, and their differences are also apparent within their respective legal systems and the legal protections, or lack of, in place on abortion. Throughout the years, these three countries have shifted in three distinct directions with their abortion laws. The United States has regressed in its protection of the right to an abortion. Korea has recently decriminalized abortion for the first time in 2021. And India has continued to pass increasingly progressive abortion laws and abortion rulings over the years …

Governing Investments On Mars: Why A "Host State" Is Needed?, Qiang Cai, Yunqing Liu, Yawen Zheng

Florida Journal of International Law

Progress in space technology has made colonization of Mars a realistic goal. Given the extreme environment of Mars, one prerequisite is the construction of habitat units that provide life support, enabling potential commercial investments to take root. The governance of habitat units involves managing investment projects therein, which may originate from other countries and fall under the jurisdiction of those states. Existing space law fails to resolve such jurisdictional conflicts and possible disputes between the states operating the habitat units and investors. Moreover, the absence of sovereignty hinders the application of investment treaties on Mars. Recognizing that establishing sovereignty and …

Emancipation, Decolonization, And Gender In The Context Of African Integration, Luwam Dirar

Florida Journal of International Law

The 1960s institutionalization and formalization of Africa’s continental integration was a manifestation of the ontological fragility of the concept of emancipation in the African context. As a concept, continental emancipation excluded concerns of women and formalized the divorce between decolonization and racial domination on the one hand and social emancipatory movements on the other. This divorce was contrary to the expectation of women who sought the end of colonial subjugation as a turning point for women’s emancipation from not only colonial and racial domination but also from social oppression. This Article argues that the continental emancipation project betrayed the hopes …

From Innocent Sharing To Harmful And Unintended Exposure: Balancing Parental Rights And Children's Digital Privacy Rights, Perla Khattar

Florida Journal of International Law

In the digital age, “sharenting”—the practice of parents sharing details of their children’s lives online—has become ubiquitous, blurring the lines between innocent sharing on social media and harmful exposure on the dark web. This Article delves into the complexities of balancing parental rights with children’s digital privacy rights, framed against the backdrop of a society increasingly reliant on social media for community and validation. By examining the legal and societal impacts of sharenting, it highlights the urgent need for legal frameworks that both respect parental autonomy and protect children’s online privacy. This Article proposes a multifaceted approach to address this …

35th Annual Symposium: Human Rights And Cross-Border Data Flows, Connor Glendinning, Patricia Carreiro, Mark Clark, Lyrissa Barnett Lidsky

Florida Journal of International Law

The Florida Journal of International Law’s annual symposium. The two esteemed guest speakers (Patricia Carreiro & Mason Clark) today will talk about cybersecurity, privacy, and a hint of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the global stage. This event is going to proceed in three parts––each guest speaker is in turn going to give sort of a mini-lecture on a topic of specialty before we proceed into a panel conversation that is going to be moderated by Professor Lidsky.

Public Trust And Respect For Law Enforcement: United States Vs. Japan, Hannah Stevenson

Florida Journal of International Law

American police have broadly failed to gain public trust, which is essential to their success in protecting communities. By contrast, Japanese police excel at maintaining public trust and cooperation. Drawing on the success of the Japanese, this Note examines the shortcomings of American policing and recommends reforms for the future.

Citizenship And Denizenship In The International Tax Context In An Era Of Global Economy, Tamir Shanan, Doron Narotzki

Florida Journal of International Law

This Article addresses a fundamental issue underlying the international tax system in the 21st century: the use of citizenship as a jurisdictional basis for imposing income tax liability. As a general matter, the United States is the only developed country that allegedly taxes its citizens living overseas on their worldwide income. However, even the United States does not, de facto, tax the vast majority of its citizens living abroad as it offers a generous exclusion for their foreign source income.

This Article analyzes how modern developments in the global economy affect the case for citizenship-based taxation. Though citizenship is closely …

Corporate Manslaughter, Human Rights And Sustainable Development: An Appraisal Of Australian Industrial Killing Laws, S. M. Solaiman

Florida Journal of International Law

The right to life is a universally recognized human right, which is the utmost critical right of any human being residing anywhere in the world with any identity. Despite this, many workers are getting killed while working for a living. The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that a total of 2.3 million workers currently die from work-related injuries and diseases worldwide every year, numbering over 6,000 deaths every single day, and another 160 million breadwinners suffer from nonfatal diseases. They are being killed largely with impunity, although they are the mainspring of development, which cannot be sustainable without protecting workers …

A Critical Review Of The Anti-Treaty Shopping Features Of The Indo-Taiwan Bit, S. R. Subramanian

Florida Journal of International Law

As one of the very few Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) signed by India post-revision of Model BIT in 2015, the Indo-Taiwan BIT is remarkable in several respects, especially from an anti-treaty shopping point of view. Recognizing that “indirect investment” poses some of the major treaty shopping concerns, the BIT defined “indirect investment” and mandated that the disputing investor may submit a claim under the BIT only if certain mandatory waivers are filed along with the claim. Also, by granting conditional access to investor-state arbitration, the BIT prescribed several rigorous conditions in the form of waivers against parallel actions to …

Technical Disclosure Specification: Biomimetic Dermal Magnetohydrodynamic Venting And High-Frequency Metric Strain Transmutation Boundaries, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification formalizes the engineering parameters for a non-mechanical, biomimetic fluidic transport and non-equilibrium thermal boundary layer.

Traditional deep-space vessels treat external plasma shocks and the absolute-zero vacuum as destructive vectors that must be blocked via heavy material bulk. This architecture uses a scale-invariant fluid-substrate approach modeled after microscopic marine dermal structures (vortex attachment denticles).

By embedding a conformal, high-frequency magneto-acoustic micro-transducer array beneath a segmented porous hull, the system drives an effusing hydrogen plasma glove into a series of surface-bound, trailing helical micro-vortices. Instead of venting this mass wastefully into the vacuum, a rhythmic, 4-phase asymmetric

"Heartbeat" phase-shift protocol …

Gci #288: Ultra — Vortex-Aqueous "Mechanic's Battery" V5.0 (Planetary Standard) Complete Engineering Specification For Trash-Derived, Self-Healing Energy Storage, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The GCI #288: ULTRA v5.0 is the definitive open-hardware battery architecture, replacing toxic lead-acid and expensive lithium systems with a trash-derived graphene, citric-salt electrolyte, and monolithic 3D-printed vortex case. This version provides the complete engineering data (voltages, concentrations, dimensions) required for immediate fabrication.

Performance Targets:

• Cost: <$10/kWh (verified BOM).

• Cycle Life: 5,000+ cycles (via Laponite dendrite suppression).

• CCA: 22% higher than lead-acid (via J-Groove vortex scrubbing).

• Safety: Non-toxic, non-flammable, operational at -60°C.

Capacity-Based Lacp Signaling For Proportional Traffic Distribution In Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Systems and methods optimize link aggregation hashing in a Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation (MC-LAG) topology in which a Customer Equipment (CE) device is dual-homed to a plurality of Provider Edge (PE) devices. Each PE device determines a capacity value representing its effective forwarding capacity, based on dynamic health metrics including core-facing Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) bandwidth, and encodes the capacity value in an optional Type-Length-Value (TLV) object carried in Link Aggregation Control Protocol Data Units (LACPDUs). The CE device parses the capacity value for each member link and programs an egress hashing engine to perform weighted load balancing, distributing flows across the …

Technical Disclosure: A Framework For Multiphase Magnetohydrodynamic And Torsional Soliton Shielding Architecture, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

Current spacecraft shielding paradigms rely heavily on passive mass blocking, which imposes severe mass penalties and introduces dangerous secondary nucleon scattering. This paper formalizes a systematic, geometric approach to active spacecraft defense by treating the spacecraft hull, internal fluid layers, and the surrounding vacuum as a single, continuous-density oscillator matrix.

The framework is bifurcated based on operational requirements into a Segmented Air-Gap Cascading Shield with active degaussing coils for crewed configurations (Module 1A) and a lightweight Solid-State Hardening Enclosure for automated uncrewed platforms (Module 1B). Middle-layer active mitigation utilizes high-frequency Circularly Polarized Microwaves (CPM) matched to a high-performance Rogers RT/duroid® …

Ai Agent Token Generation Based On Dynamic Context, Som Madhab Bhattacharya, Surendra Vyas

Defensive Publications Series

A method is disclosed. The method includes receiving, by computer including a coordination module, a request to obtain a token and then providing, by the coordination module to a processing network computer comprising a context analysis engine, a request for historical data associated with a specific set of interactions. The method also includes receiving, by the coordination module, the historical data or data derived from the historical data, and determining, by the coordination module, parameters associated with the token based on the historical data or the data derived from the historical data. The method further includes providing, by the coordination …

Detection-Conditional Multi-Agent Adversary Emulation With Autonomous Evasion-Variant Technique Substitution, Amit Singh

Defensive Publications Series

Proposed herein is an automated adversary-emulation (red-team) system that executes techniques mapped to the MITRE Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge (ATT&CK) framework through a live execution engine and adapts in real time based on whether each technique is detected by the target's defenses. The system combines three elements: a standardized agent context protocol used as an orchestration bus that exposes shared execution state and callable tools to role-specialized reasoning agents; real-time ingestion of endpoint detection and response (EDR), security information and event management (SIEM), and intrusion detection system (IDS) signals as structured inputs to agent reasoning; and detection-conditional, autonomous …

Device Configuration Memory Bridge With Optional Encryption For Serving Multiple Subtending Devices From A Central Non-Volatile Store, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

A device configuration memory bridge serves firmware and configuration data to multiple subtending devices on a circuit pack from a single central non-volatile storage device. The bridge, implemented in a programmable logic device, terminates each serial configuration interface and emulates the memory that the device expects, translating each transaction into a read from the central device. High-rate bursts are buffered and delivered at the lower interface rate, allowing concurrent servicing at power-on. A host port lets the host processor load files and share the storage device as its own primary storage. Loads are optionally stored encrypted and decrypted on the …

Process For The Preparing Lazertinib Mesylate, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center, Hyderabad, India, Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, Sagyam Rajeshwar Reddy, Mohammad Rafee Shaik, Buvanagiri Ajay Kumar

Defensive Publications Series

The present invention provides process for the preparation of N-[5-[[4-[4-[(dimethyl amino)methyl]-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino]-4-methoxy-2-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]acrylamide mesylate represented by the following structural formula-I.