Digital Commons Network^™

“Vadeng, Ang Bato, Darna!:” The Queering Strategies And Resulting Queer Representation In Sapphic Tiktok Fan Edits Of Darna (2022), Ashley Rian A. Branzuela, Eshe Dafny M. Donato, Ceana Louise L. Llanes, Allyza Rose S. Santiago, Nathaniel Rey D. Ferrer

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

The Filipino teleserye, known for its social realism, offers insights into its viewers’ lives but often presents limited and stereotyped portrayals of LGBTQI+ individuals, including queer women, due to heteronormativity. Fanfiction, specifically slash fiction, resists this by reimagining heteronormative narratives from a queer angle. Despite digital media advancements, Philippine research has yet to analyze fan-led queer representation on digital storytelling platforms, such as TikTok. Hence, following similar research by McGorry (2022), this study purposively sampled fifty sapphic TikTok fan edits of the teleserye Darna (2022) to examine how Vadengs, fans of protagonists Narda Custodio (Darna) and Regina Vanguardia (Valentina), reimagined …

Choices, Challenges, And Considerations: Exploring College Application Experiences Of De La Salle University Manila Senior High School Students To The Big Four Universities, Samantha Elise F. Bago, Argie Joseph F. Geronimo, Zenaida Victoria Alejandra M. Ilao, Kimberly Cassandra G. Jose, April Rose C. Gonzales

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Most Filipino students strive to secure successful applications to universities such as the University of the Philippines (UP), Ateneo de Manila University (ADMU), De La Salle University (DLSU), and the University of Santo Tomas (UST). Known as the Big Four Universities, they are recognized for their high rankings, strong academic programs, scholarship opportunities, campus resources, strategic locations, alumni networks, and overall prestige. However, applying to these institutions is not without challenges, especially as senior high school (SHS) students balance their academic demands with application requirements. These narratives are often overlooked, overshadowed by the success or failure of the applications. Thus, …

Bio-Papcz: Corn Starch-Based Composite Bioplastic Reinforced With Pineapple Leaf Fiber (Palf), Zinc Oxide (Zno), And Polyvinyl Alcohol (Pva), Marvin C. Caya, Shervin Austin C. Huang, Jovar Khalel J. Maghari, Ruel M. Levida

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Plastic pollution poses a serious global threat, as petroleum-based plastics persist for centuries, and their surging production of over 450 million tons overwhelms ecosystems (Ritchie et al., 2023). Using a quantitative experimental research design, the study examined the effects of varying concentrations of cornstarch-based bioplastic reinforced with pineapple leaf fiber (PALF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and zinc oxide (ZnO) on the bioplastic’s tensile strength and soil degradability. Sample C2 (ZnO 3.0 %w/w; PVA 9.0 %w/w) demonstrated the optimal tensile properties with a tensile strength of 0.76 MPa and an elongation at break of 6.40%, which was attributed to the addition of …

Effects Of Foam Type And Thickness On Impact Resistance, Thermal Insulation, And Cost-Effectiveness Of Medical Containers For Drone Delivery, Josh Henry C. Soriano, Eriel V. Fonte, Lambertsus S. Novera, Nicolai Paolo B. Villarin, Joel B. Jalon, Jr.

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Accessible healthcare remains a challenge for rural communities lacking reliable infrastructure for medical supply delivery. Delivery drones have recently emerged as a viable alternative, dropping medical containers during flight. However, the effectiveness of different foam types and thicknesses combined with corrugated cardboard as shock-absorbing materials in a medical container for delivery drones has yet to be tested. Thus, this study designed cost-effective containers using corrugated cardboard and multiple foam types and thicknesses, aiming to preserve the integrity of the contents, withstand impact, and control temperatures. Four foam types—polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, and expanded polystyrene (EPS) —were tested at 1 cm, 2 …

Baseline Assessment Of Insect Biodiversity And Distribution In La Salle Botanical Gardens, Pampanga, Philippines, Amir Lyndon Gavriell C. Beup, Kaleela Euan G. Jayson, Alyssa Ira Z. Tan, Ronielle Elisha S. Pascual, Alexi Gabrielle S. Henson, Esperidion Josef P. Ladao Iii, Juan Carlo T. Gumangan

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Insects are crucial for ecosystem functions, such as pollination and food web maintenance. This study aims to assess insect biodiversity in La Salle Botanical Gardens (LSBG) in Porac, Pampanga, focusing on its grassland and forestland areas. Using rapid biodiversity assessment, this study provides baseline data on insect diversity, abundance, dominance, and evenness for conservation. Sampling employed transect line intercept and quadrat methods. Specimens were collected using different collection and preservation techniques. Insects (n = 184) were collected from August to October 2024, with specimens (n = 46) belonging to seven insect orders in the grassland and specimens (n = 138) …

Comparing Individual Vs Mixed Treatments Of Chicken Bone Meal And Crab Shell Meal On The Growth Of Capsicum Annuum (Bell Pepper), Allthur Rudy R. Arroyo, John Rafael V. Capinia, Ethan Jude R. Reyes, Elnathan Jethro B. Sumalbag, Karl Benedict E. Viri, John Ray Cordova Estrellado, Kerry P. Cabral

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

The recycling of nutrient-rich food waste reduces reliance on synthetic fertilizers, enhances soil quality, and improves plant growth. Existing studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of food waste, such as bone meal (B) and crab shell meal (S), as fertilizers; however, their combined use has not been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the effect of varying proportions of B and S fertilizers on the growth of Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) employing a random complete block design with 10 treatments (pure B, pure S, and a 50:50 BS mix, each at 7 g, 14 g, and 21 g) plus a control …

Exploring The Metric Dimension Of The Graph Representing A Four-Ring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon: Interstellar 1-Cyanopyrene, Andrei Matthew V. Robino, Sebastian Alex C. Traviña, Karl Benedict P. Narag, Mark Anthony B. Casao, Helix Raven C. Llanes, Azriel C. Alejo, Jonel C. Celamor

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

A graph's metric dimension is a parameter that denotes the minimum possible number of vertices in a subset that gives each vertex in the graph a unique representation. Despite extensive research on the metric dimension of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), there is currently no focused analysis on the metric basis and metric dimension of 1-cyanopyrene. In chemistry, graphs can be used to depict molecular structures. In this study, graph theory, specifically the concept of metric dimensions, is applied to the molecular structure of 1-cyanopyrene, which was detected in space for the first time in 2024. 1-cyanopyrene is a molecule made …

Experiences Of Bukidnon Farmers On The Use Of Carbonized Rice Hulls (Crh) Waste From Biomass Boilers As A Soil Conditioner, Dash Constantine S. Chamen, Queen Loraine D. Ban, Michael Justin O. Eluna, Pole Honson B. Gabitano, Ian Jay P. Saldo, Jhovel Roy D. Calo

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

The long-term use of agricultural products that adversely affect soil is a significant issue for farmers. This study explored the potential of carbonized rice hulls (CRH) waste from biomass boilers as a sustainable soil conditioner. The research investigated the specific soil conditioning properties of CRH and explored the lived experiences of nine (9) Bukidnon farmers to correlate their observations with the material’s chemical profile. The composition analysis identified a high silica content and essential micronutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, which act as nutrient restorers and pH regulators. The thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, four themes emerged to summarize the …

Exploring The Concept Of Love-Bombing In Young Adult Filipino Lesbian Relationships, Marcus M. Paredes, Eyre Angelique L. Pasion, Chrisanne Margareth P. Dela Peña, Francois Louis T. Acosta, Chrizelle Villanueva

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

The study explores how young adult Filipino lesbians define, experience, and interpret the phenomenon of love-bombing in their romantic relationships. Addressing the scarcity of local scholarly work, the study employed a phenomenological design with ten purposively selected self-identified lesbian key informants, aged 18 to 27, from the Philippines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological approach, which yielded nine themes organized into three overarching domains. The first domain focused on the experience of love-bombing, highlighting patterns of romantic intensification, emotional dependence, and blurred relational boundaries. The second domain surfaced responses to the experience, including emotional …

Hanggang Kaibigan Lang, Hindi Kailanman Kasintahan: A Descriptive Phenomenological Approach On The Unrequited Feelings Within Cross-Sex Friendships Leading To Friendzone, Shekinah Mizpah P. Alutaya, Jm Cassandra M. Cammayo, John Kyle C. Mendoza, Liezl Rillera-Astudillo

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

This study examined the long-term emotional and relational consequences of being "friend-zoned" by a cross-sex best friend among Filipino young adults. Nine participants aged 18–35 met the inclusion criteria of having experienced unreciprocated romantic interest toward a cross-sex best friend; “best friend” was operationalized by relationship duration, mutual emotional disclosure, frequent contact, and self-identification as best friends, situating the inquiry within the Philippine cultural context. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews that were analyzed using Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological method, bracketing, to articulate the essential structure of the experience, with reflexive memo writing and an audit trail to support rigor. …

“Maria! Balbon Mo, Ahitin Mo!”: Ang Karanasan Ng Mga Pilipina Sa Pagtanggal Ng Buhok Sa Katawan Bilang Isang Beauty Standard, Zakiya Clarisse Y. Carabuena, Julianne Krystoff B. De Leon, Rebecca W. Dionisio, Alliah Kristy A. Sato, Deborrah S. Anastacio

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Ang pagtanggal ng buhok sa katawan ng mga kababaihan ay naging isang pamantayan ng kagandahan na may malalim na ugnayan sa mga impluwensyang panlipunan at pangkulturang aspeto. Ang layunin ng pag-aaral na ito ay tuklasin kung bakit at paano nagpapatanggal ng buhok sa katawan ang mga kababaihan sa Pilipinas, pati na rin ang impluwensya ng mga pamantayang ito sa kanilang desisyon at karanasan. Gumamit ang pananaliksik na ito ng kwalitatibong metodolohiya, partikular na ang purposive sampling, upang makapanayam ang pitong (7) kababaihan na nasa edad 18-25 at mayroon nang karanasan sa pagtanggal ng buhok sa katawan. Ang mga panayam …

To Us For Every Decision We Make: A Deleuzian And Guattarian Criticism Of The Films "To Me The One Who Loved You And To Every You I'Ve Loved Before", Elstenn Nicholas Misa, Chino Samuel C. Sta. Ana, Ayed Anthony N. Velasco, Nathaniel Rey D. Ferrer

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Anime has emerged not only as a form of entertainment but also as a cultural and philosophical medium exploring concepts such as identity, decision-making, and existential dilemmas. Despite its growing influence in both global and Filipino contexts, little scholarly attention has been given to how philosophical frameworks like Deleuze and Guattari’s can be applied to analyze such narratives. The study analyzed To Every You I’ve Loved Before (2022) and To Me The One Who Loved You (2022) while applying Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophical approach to understand how decisions, with identity formation and social norms, affect character development. The research applies …

A Visual Analysis Of Sogie-Themed Children’S Storybooks From Mulat Sulat, Audrey Leigh T. De Leon, Cassandra Louise A. Ma, Jennifer Shan E. Ou, Belle Beatriex' M. Alemania

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Children’s storybooks play a crucial role in the significance of sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression (SOGIE) and the realities of gender-based representation. Although previous literature has analyzed books through textual analysis, there remains a gap in the visual analysis of SOGIE-themed Filipino children’s books. Therefore, this study focuses on the visual representation of characters in five storybooks published under the Mulat Sulat project in 2018. This research employed the first three levels of Rodriguez and Dimitrova’s (2011) visual framing framework to analyze how illustrations are depicted through various visual elements. Additionally, this study utilized Bisht’s (2020) coding template to …

Ang Mga Tinig Sa Herbal Lane Tungo Sa Paglalang Ng Quiapook: Pagbalangkas Sa Karanasan Ng Herbal Medicine Vendors Sa Quiapo, Maynila, Lorraine Antonette A. Bonifacio, Jamie Kelly S. Izon, Stephanie Lois E. Prats, Ma. Jayanne C. Mapugay

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Nananatiling limitado ang sistematikong pag-aaral tungkol sa herbal medicine vendors sa modernong panahon bagaman nananahan na ang mahabang kasaysayan ng tradisyonal na panggagamot sa bansa. Sa Quiapo, madidinig ang taal na mga karanasan ng vendors na matagal nang bumubuhay sa herbal lane ng lugar. Upang maumpisahan ang pagbabalangkas sa mga natatanging karanasang ito, sumanding ang pag-aaral sa deskriptibong penomenolohiya, alinsunod sa Collaizzi’s Method at konseptong Quiapook, na kumikilala sa sistematikong pagpopook ng mga danas sa Quiapo. Gamit ang semi-structured interview sa limang piling vendors, sumuong sa proseso ng pagbaklas (bracketing), pagiging bukas (intuition), pagsusuri (investigate), at paglantad (descriptive) ang pag-aaral. …

Clinical Correlation Between Preoperative Hypocalcemia And Post-Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia In Patients With Goiter, Dauda Bawa, Saleem Khan, Yasser M. Khalifa, Chinedu M. Mbalisigwe

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Many patients undergoing thyroidectomy present with subclinical hypocalcemia preoperatively, the prevalence and significance of which remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and impact of preoperative hypocalcemia in goiter patients undergoing thyroid surgery, a complication often encountered postoperatively. Out of the 255 patients examined, the study found a preoperative hypocalcemia rate of 20.4%, which rose to 26.1% following thyroidectomy, specifically peaking at 21.1% in instances of total thyroidectomy. Postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia occurred in 8.9% with a mean serum calcium level of 1.87 mmol/L. In the linear regression analysis, a negative correlation was observed between thyroid procedures and overall …

Relationship Of Prolonged Exclusive Breastfeeding To Infant Anemia, Maryam M. Ahmed, Aveen S. Shareef, Farhad S. Armishty, Dunya P. Nizar, Ronahi Y. Ibrahim, Lina Y. Mohammed, Snor H. Husain, Berivan R. Rajab, Omar Khatab, Dalal A. Jameel, Amna A. Omar, Iman H. Yaseen, Hevy A. Ahmad

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Anemia can adversely affect cognitive development in infants and children, potentially leading to challenges in cognition, motor control, social interaction, and neurophysiological functioning. Full-term infants do not develop iron deficiency anemia within the first four months of life, as they are born with sufficient iron stores accumulated during their intrauterine life. These stores are usually adequate for four to six months of postnatal life. However, exclusive breastfeeding beyond six months without iron supplementation can increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia, as breast milk does not provide enough iron to meet the growing infant’s demand. The American Academy of …

Factors Contributing To Intestinal Parasitic Infestations In Children Attending Primary Private And Public Schools In Central Benghazi, Asmaa A. Alfarisi, Samira S. Garboui, Fawzeia H. Elmhalli, Maha A. Kattou, Suhaila Elabbar, Hajir A. Alabede, Zahrah A. Alawami

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among school-aged children are a significant public health issue in many parts of the world, with high prevalence rates in many regions. The study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of IPIs among school children.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected primary school children aged 6 to 9 years in central Benghazi from April to September 2021. Stool samples were collected from 700 schoolchildren and analyzed using the wet-mount technique. Also, questionnaires were distributed, and general information on each child was recorded.

Results: The study revealed a …

Self-Prescription Of Beta-Blockers Among All Healthcare Students In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Duaa M. Bakhshwin, Lama A. Aljialni, Nada M. Bawajeeh, Rimaz T. Alanazi, Duaa M. Alshabani, Marah M. Alsulami, Rahaf A. Alothman, Reem H. Alnayeli, Dina A. Ajaj, Shahad H. Albar, Rowthanh H. Murshid

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence and implications of inappropriate self-prescription of beta-blockers among healthcare students in Jeddah, primarily driven by anxiety related to academic performance.

Method: An analytical, observational, cross-sectional design was employed, and a self-administered electronic questionnaire was distributed via social media channels after obtaining ethical approval. A total of 1,043 healthcare students were included from June to December 2023. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire that focused on demographics, academic performance (grade point average), beta-blocker usage, and awareness of potential side effects. Results: Among the 175 students who were taking beta blockers, 54.3% self-prescribed beta-blockers, predominantly propranolol, …

An Arabic Version Of The Intuitive Eating Scale-2: Translation And Validation Among The Saudi Population, Eram Albajri, Manal Naseeb

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Eating is a complex behavior in humans, shaped by an interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Tools like the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) offer valuable insights into eating behaviors, but their effectiveness depends on cultural and linguistic adaptability.Objective: In this study, we translated the IES-2 into Arabic and validated its psychometric properties among a large Arabic-speaking sample in Saudi Arabia.Methods: The IES-2 was translated using the forward-backward translation approach. The final translated version was distributed online to a convenient sample of the Saudi population. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the construct validity of the …

Enhancing Awareness Of Autoimmune Diseases In Schools: A Saudi Cross-Sectional Study To Educate And Empower Adolescents, Mohammed Nashawi, Jumanah Nassar, Lina Barzanji, Emtenan Basahl, Samah Zahran, Saddiq Habiballah, Emad Anam

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Introduction: Autoimmune diseases, particularly in pediatric patients, present unique challenges that require awareness and support in school environments. Raising awareness among students and educators can enhance understanding, reduce stigma, and foster inclusive environments for individuals affected by these issues.Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of an educational campaign in high schools in Saudi Arabia, focusing on increasing knowledge and fostering supportive attitudes toward children with autoimmune diseases.Methods: A total of 180 female high school students participated in a 30-minute lecture that highlighted general information about autoimmune diseases, with a specific focus on pediatric conditions. The presentation …

Menstrual Changes Following Covid-19 Vaccination Among Outpatient Reproductive-Age Visitors At King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A 2023 Cross-Sectional Study In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Abdulrahman T. Abudawood, Iman M. Wahby, Hala A. Bagabir, Najla M. Almudayni, Alya N. Alkhunaizi, Asma A. Alfarsi, Taghreed F. Alnahari

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: The potential link between COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual disturbances has raised significant concern. Women who have experienced menstrual changes are apprehensive about receiving booster doses due to concerns about the duration of these side effects.

Objectives: To determine whether COVID-19 vaccines are associated with menstrual disturbances by assessing the vaccine’s impact on various aspects of the menstrual cycle, including cycle length, amount of bleeding, and pain.

Method: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted using an online questionnaire among women of reproductive age (18-35 years) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Participants were recruited between December 2022 and January 2023 and …

Anti-Cancer Effects Of Chicken Cathelicidin Peptides On Breast, Colon, And Liver Carcinoma Cells, Maryam M. Hamed, Mohammed Alkhaled, Yousef Almoghrabi, Aliaa A. Alamoudi, Hussam Daghistani, Abdulwahab Noorwali

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Cancer remains a threat to human life, affecting millions of people. Limitations associated with conventional tumor therapies motivate the search for new, effective, and non-toxic therapies. Cathelicidin peptide (CATH) is a host defense peptide with anti-microbial and immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, cumulative studies have revealed its anti-cancer properties. While several studies have explored their antimicrobial and anti-tumor potential, further research is needed to elucidate their specific mechanisms across different tumor types. Our study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of two types of Chicken CATH, 1 and 2, on breast MCF-7, colon HCT-116, and liver HEPG-2 carcinoma cells, and to examine …

The Association Of Apolipoprotein A1 And B With Glycated Hemoglobin Among Adults In Saudi Arabia, Hussam Daghistani, Abdulrazaq A. Bahaidrah, Osama A. Altookhi, Albaraa A. Marzuqi, Abdulaziz F. Binymin, Mohammed Algethami, Hadiah B. Al Mahdi, Aliaa A. Alamoudi, Yousef Almoghrabi, Motasim Jawi, Mehal A. Alqriqri, Maha A. Alqriqri, Zuhier A. Awan

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, with a high burden in the Middle East, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Apolipoproteins, including apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB), play essential roles in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease, and have emerging associations with glycemic control. This retrospective cohort study investigated the relationship between ApoA1, ApoB, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in Saudi adults and examined the mediating role of body mass index (BMI) in these associations. HbA1c was measured by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (TINIA) on the Alinity c system, and ApoA1 and ApoB were assessed via …

Impact Of A Nutrition Education And Counseling Program On Diet, Lifestyle, And Cardiometabolic Health In Adults With Overweight And Obesity: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Eram Albajri, Elham Aljaaly, Abeer Aljahdali, Manal Naseeb, Mai Khatib, Nahlaa Khalifa, Nagat E. Eltoum, Aisha Y. Hussein

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Obesity is a global health issue attributed to changes in dietary habits and inadequate physical activity.Objective: This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of the nutrition counseling and education program on dietary habits, physical activity, and biomarkers among adults.Methods: This non-randomized controlled trial was conducted over 30 days in a primary care setting. Participants were grouped according to whether they chose to join the intervention program (n = 40) or maintain their regular diet (n = 20). The intervention group received personalized meal plans, recipes, and physical activity recommendations in line with the Saudi guidelines for obesity …

Evaluating The Reasons For Cancellations Of Scheduled Elective Surgeries Requiring Postoperative Pediatric Icu Care: An Observational Study, Khouloud A. Al-Sofyani

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are essential for managing critically ill children who require advanced airway, respiratory, and hemodynamic support. Disease patterns vary across regions and over time, making regular reviews necessary for improving patient care. Auditing admissions and outcomes provides insights for refining clinical practices.Objective: This study aims to investigate the reasons for pediatric surgical admissions and the frequency and causes of surgical cancellations across specialties. This study aims to identify modifiable factors that could improve surgical efficiency and patient outcomes.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Pediatric Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, from …

Positive Fetal Outcome Following Severe Early Onset Fgr With Abnormal Flow Pattern In The Ductus Venosus, Nedaa M. Bahkali, Felipe M. Moretti

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Growth restriction of the fetus (FGR) is a major cause of perinatal death and, if present, has many perinatal complications at enhanced risk. Early FGR, in particular, presents staggering clinical challenges for management, as there are no uniform diagnostic criteria or best-practice procedures. The lack of data from clinical trials also makes it difficult to provide uniform management recommendations, leading to substantial variation in practice and outcomes. Case: This case report describes a healthy 30-year-old woman in her third pregnancy, who was diagnosed with severe early-onset FGR at 25 weeks after abnormal Doppler results, such as reversed a wave …

Variability Within Orthopedic And Plastic Surgery Hand Training In The Western Region Of Saudi Arabia, Bayan A. Ghalimah, Maan T. Almaghrabi, Maha S. Bamatraf, Ranad M. Khashab, Nada A. Alshaikh, Mohammed A. Alahmari, Abdulaziz A. Almutairi, Seham A. Alahmari, Rasha E. Alotaibi, Amre S. Hamdi

Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Medical Sciences

Background: Hand surgery is a challenging subspecialty shared by orthopedics and plastic surgery. Variations in training exposure and methods within residency programs, both globally and in Saudi Arabia, affect the clinical expertise of hand surgeons. This study aims to assess the variability in hand surgery training between orthopedic and plastic surgery residents in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Objectives: To evaluate differences in training exposure, satisfaction, and procedural experience in hand surgery training among orthopedic and plastic surgery residents. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using an anonymized, validated questionnaire. Setting: Residency training programs in the western region …

Decoding The Girl Code: Exploring The Unwritten Norms In Female Adolescent Friendships, Lindsay Angela F. Azura, Annica Mariz G. Ilagan, Krystine Jean O. Obia, Natalie Allyana P. Talplacido, Stella P. Go

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

The girl code refers to a set of unspoken social rules that shape how adolescent girls form, maintain, and navigate close female friendships. These unwritten norms influence how they provide support, handle emotional challenges, and navigate moral decisions. Despite its significant impact on female adolescent relationships, research on the girl code, especially within the Philippine context, remains limited. This qualitative exploratory study examines how the girl code operates among cisgender Filipino adolescent girls, focusing on its key aspects, underlying values, development, enforcement, and consequences. Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among close-knit female friendship groups of senior high school …

From Companionship To Grief: Lived Experiences Of Adolescent Dog Owners At De La Salle University, Dave Edrich Lao, Oel Bes, Zachariah Moscardon, Renzy Sabandal, Noel Bedia

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Pets have long been part of people’s lives, but today, they are often viewed as family, especially by adolescents who rely on them for comfort, support, and companionship. For many, the bond with a pet runs deep, making their loss emotionally devastating. However, the emotional and psychological impact of this grief, particularly among adolescents, remains largely overlooked in academic research despite growing recognition of the human-animal bond. This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of seven adolescent dog owners (ages 18–23) from De La Salle University Manila, focusing on understanding how they form attachments to pets, navigate caregiving responsibilities, and …

From Universities, Streets, To Modern Contemporary Society: Becoming, Being, And Living As "Babaeng Aktibista", Mariah Alyssa Lorico Ampat, Jameelah Mikaellah Ahliya C. Robles, Zedrick Sombria Roa, Jessica Louise Cruz Clauna, Leo Vicentino

Sinaya: A Philippine Journal for Senior High School Teachers and Students

Historically, women faced patterns of prejudice and gender-based oppression, resulting in the denial of their fundamental rights. Through years of ingrained subordination under authoritarian regimes, activism birthed various movements and organizations that sought liberation. As militant groups gained traction, withstanding large-scale issues, women’s struggles were seldom addressed within nationalist movements. Literature has documented the roots of activism, women’s organizations, and the socio-political conditions throughout Philippine history. However, there is a narrow understanding of women’s experiences and how these mold their individual identities in response to shared struggles. This study attempts to design a local framework elucidating the motivations and drivers …