Power and Energy Commons^™

Ingan Leds For General Lighting: Overcoming Efficiency Droop At High Current Injection, Nicolas Andrade

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

According to the Energy Information Administration's Annual Energy Outlook report in 2011, the United States alone consumed 97.8 quadrillion Btus (quads) of primary energy in 2010. Roughly 41% of this energy was consumed for electricity use, with 18% of the electricity being dedicated to lighting. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated light consumption of this scale translates to CO2 production equivalent to 70% of the emissions from all of the world's light passenger vehicles. Pollution levels at this rate caused 18,200 premature deaths, 2,100,000 days of medication, and 29 million cases of lower respiratory symptoms.

Economic Analysis Of A Data Center Virtual Power Plant Participating In Demand Response, Labi Bajracharya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Data centers consume a significant amount of energy from the grid, and the number of data centers are increasing at a high rate. As the amount of demand on the transmission system increases, network congestion reduces the economic efficiency of the grid and begins to risk failure. Data centers have underutilized energy resources, such as backup generators and battery storage, which can be used for demand response (DR) to benefit both the electric power system and the data center. Therefore, data center energy resources, including renewable energy, are aggregated and controlled using an energy management system (EMS) to operate as …

The Impact Of Different Battery Technologies For Remote Microgrids, Ali Barjs Allruwaili

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Energy storage systems are considered an effective solution for remote microgrids. They allow to increase the overall system reliability, performance, and reduce operational cost by increasing the energy utilization of renewable energy resources (PV and wind energy). A battery can reduce the system's operational cost by matching a diesel generator with the load demand. There are many types of batteries which can be used in remote microgrids, such as Lead-acid, Lithium-ion, Zinc-bromine and Aqueous Hybrid Ion. By selecting a battery which provides low operational cost and longer battery life is complex, relying on many key technical features which affect the …

Lead Free Ch3nh3sni3 Perovskite Thin-Film With P-Type Semiconducting Nature And Metal-Like Conductivity, Anastasiia Iefanova

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

CH3NH3SnI3 and CH3NH3PbI3 have become very promising light absorbing materials for photovoltaic devices over the last several years. CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite solar cells have reached a solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of ~ 22%. Nevertheless, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells contain lead, which has serious consequences for the environment and human health. In this work, the lead was replaced with less toxic tin. Lead free CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite thin film was prepared by two low temperature solution processing methods and characterized using various tools such as Xray Diffraction (XRD) and absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The distinctive p-type semiconducting nature and metal like conductivity of CH3NH3SnI3 …

Efficiency And Reliability Analysis Of Ac And 380v Dc Data Centers, Bijen Raj Shrestha

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The rapid growth of the Internet has resulted in colossal increase in the number of data centers. A data center consume a tremendous amount of electricity resulting in high operation cost. Even a slight improvement in the power distribution system of a data center could save millions of dollars in electricity bills. Benchmarks for both AC and 380V DC data centers are developed and efficiency analyses thereof have been performed for an entire year. The efficiency of the power distribution system can be increased if number of power conversion stages can be reduced and more efficient converters are used. Use …

Frequency Control Of Wind And Pv Based Isolated Microgrid, Lekhnath Kafle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The wind and solar PV based isolated microgrid can be economical and reliable for the remote area where the grid is not available. The frequency and voltage fluctuation are major problems in such remote microgrid due to intermittent nature of renewable resources like wind and solar PV. The frequency fluctuation should remain within acceptable limits for stable operation of the remote microgrid. This thesis work focuses on frequency control of wind and photovoltaic (PV) based isolated micro-grid using traditional droop control technique. The battery system acts as a master unit which is responsible for setting up the common AC bus …

Implementation Of Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using Markov Switching Model And Energy Management System, Ayush Shakya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Photovoltaic (PV) systems integration is increasingly being used to reduce fuel consumption in diesel-based remote microgrids. However, uncertainty and low correlation of PV power availability with load reduce the benefits of PV integration. These challenges can be handled by introducing reserve, which however leads to increased operational cost. Solar irradiance forecasting helps to reduce reserve requirement, thereby improving the utilization of PV energy. In this thesis, a new solar irradiance forecasting method for remote microgrids based on the Markov Switching Model (MSM) is presented. This method uses locally available data to predict one-day-ahead solar irradiance for scheduling energy resources in …

Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte For Lithium Ion Batteries, Roya Naderi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Batteries have been ubiquitously utilized in enormous applications such as portable electronics, satellites, computers, medical instruments, and electric cars. The development of battery technology has been through a long journey since the 17th century, paving its way to commercialization of lithium ion batteries in 1991 by Sony. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries represent the most favorable type of batteries for portable applications due to their high energy density compared to other alkali metals. In 1997, lithium polymer batteries with solid polymer/composite electrolyte were introduced where the safety drawbacks of the liquid electrolyte were eliminated but the ionic conductivity of the batteries …

Study Of Moisture And Water Effects In Low Temperature Crystallization Of Perovskite Film For Efficient Solar Cells, Ashish Dubey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have become a promising alternative to fossil fuel based energy sources due to their unique properties such as tunable low bandgap, long charge diffusion length, low exciton binding energy and balanced charge transport. The semiconducting perovskite films are typically prepared from low temperature solution processing and the corresponding solar cells have exhibited power conversion efficiency (PCE) of more than 20%. However, perovskite solar cells suffer from poor stability in presence of moisture and use of toxic element (Pb). Understanding the crystallization process and the effects of moisture and water is important to obtain high quality perovskite …

Battery Energy Storage System (Bess) Based Photovoltaic Charging Station (Pv-Cs) For A Green University Transportation, Ayda Esfandyari, Agata Świerc, Brian Norton, Michael Conlon, Sarah Mccormack

Conference Papers

With the trends encouraged by governments and political parties to increase the adoption of Renewable Energy Sources (RES); solar energy, and in particular photovoltaics (PV), is poised as an excellent candidate to offset the energy requirements of charging stations (PV-CS) for Electric Vehicles (BEV). This work presents a 10.5 kW Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) model of a university campus PV-CS to determine sizing as well to determine the best operating strategies for a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The economical optimization model is formulated via theoretical approach adopting the Simple Payback Period (SPP) indicator. The optimization takes into account the …

Solid-State Transformers For Interfacing Solar Panels To The Power Grid: An Optimum Design Methodology Of A High Frequency Transformer For Dc-Dc Converter Applications, Kenny George

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Nowadays the use of power electronic interfaces to integrate distributed generation with the power grid is becoming relevant due to the increased penetration of renewable energy sources like solar, and the continued interest to move to a smarter and more robust electric grid. Those interfaces, which also provide a voltage step-up or step-down function, are of particular interest because renewable energy sources do not always have voltages compatible with the connecting grid. Among them, the so-called “power electronic transformer” or “solid-state transformer” (SST) is the focus of significant research. Advantages such as bidirectional power flow, improved system control, reduced size, …

Supervision Of Community Based Microgrids: An Economic Model Predictive Control Approach, Francesco Tedesco, Lubna Mariam, Malabika Basu, Alessandro Casavola, Michael F. Conlon

Conference papers

Abstract— In this paper, an Economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) approach has been presented to manage a Community-based microgrid (C-µGCC) at the pricing level. The main task is at satisfying the demand at prosumer sides and, at the same time, optimizing various µ-Grid contrasting objectives. Emphasis has been given to the operational constraints related to the components lifetime, whose satisfaction would be beneficial for the grid in that the maintenance and replacement costs would be reduced. A simulative analysis has been carried out on the basis of available measured data related to a location in Dublin, Ireland. Results show the …

A Comparative Analysis Of Energy Balance Of Thermoelectric Power Generation Vs. Fiberglass Insulation, Irl N. Lemar

Undergraduate Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

Development Of Analytical Equations For Optimum Tilt Of Two-Axis And Single-Axis Rotating Solar Panels For Clear-Atmosphere Condition, Gaurav Subhash Gugale

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Solar Energy is a renewable energy source which is used widely in recent times. Photovoltaic panels collect the sun’s energy and convert it to electricity. Photovoltaic panels are being widely used in both domestic applications, commercial applications, and small-scale power generation applications. Photovoltaic panels are easy to install, they generate most of their power when electrical demands peak, prices of photovoltaic panels are dropping rapidly, photovoltaic panels require low maintenance, their operating costs are minimal, and they are highly suitable for remote applications. The amount of electricity produced by photovoltaic panels depends on the amount of sunlight the panel captures. …

Predictive Control Of Power Grid-Connected Energy Systems Based On Energy And Exergy Metrics, Meysam Razmara

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Building and transportation sectors account for 41% and 27% of total energy consumption in the US, respectively. Designing smart controllers for Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems and Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) can play a key role in reducing energy consumption. Exergy or availability is based on the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics and is a more precise metric to evaluate energy systems including HVAC and ICE systems. This dissertation centers on development of exergy models and design of model-based controllers based on exergy and energy metrics for grid-connected energy systems including HVAC and ICEs.

In this PhD dissertation, …

System Frequency Support Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator-Based Wind Power Plant, Ziping Wu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With ever-increasing penetration of wind power into modern electric grids all over the world, a trending replacement of conventional synchronous generators by large wind power plants will likely result in the poor overall frequency regulation performance. On the other hand, permanent magnet synchronous generator wind Turbine System (PMSG-WTG) with full power back to back converters tends to become one of the most promising wind turbine technologies thanks to various advantages. It possesses a significant amount of kinetic energy stored in the rotating mass of turbine blades, which can be utilized to enhance the total inertia of power system. Additionally, the …

Cable Sizing And Its Effect On Thermal And Ampacity Values In Underground Power Distribution, Obinna E. Igwe

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Over the past decade, underground power distribution has become increasingly popular due to its reliability, safety, aesthetic characteristics, as well as the ever increasing focus on the environmental impacts of the various stages of power generation and distribution. With the technological advances in this area, the process of running these cables have become more economical and efficient.

This thesis explores the practice of grouping multiple three phase cables in a common conduit, using the duct bank process, and analyzes the thermal and ampacity consequences on the individual lines. This analysis is done in an effort to better define and understand …

Hybrid Diesel-Electric Drivetrain For Small Agricultural Field Machines, Joseph Jackson, Joseph S. Dvorak

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

In this project, a series electric drivetrain sized for small agricultural machinery was developed and tested. Electric drives have noted benefits in simplicity, controllability, integration with other electronics such as those that provide autonomous action, and in efficiency over a wide operating range. Their biggest drawback for agricultural use is the limited capacity of electrical energy storage. A series hybrid drivetrain provides a method to overcome these capacity constraints through the use of chemical energy storage. The series hybrid drivetrain in this research was designed using well-established components. It consisted of a diesel-electric generator, a lead acid battery pack, a …

Thermoelectric Transport And Energy Conversion Using Novel 2d Materials, Luke J. Wirth

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Nanomaterials hold great promise for applications in thermal management and thermoelectric power generation. Defects in these are important as they are generally inevitably introduced during fabrication or intentionally engineered to control the properties of the nanomaterials. Here, we investigate how phonon-contributed thermal conductance in narrow graphene, boron nitride (BN), and silicene nanoribbons (NRs), responds to the presence of a vacancy defect and the corresponding geometric distortion, from first principles using the non-equilibrium Green's function method. Analyses are made of the geometries, phonon conductance coefficients, and local densities of states (LDOS) of pristine and defected nanoribbons. It is found that hydrogen …

Microstrip Patch Antenna Design And Analysis For Wireless Power Applications, Zachary Pinz

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.