Petroleum Engineering Commons^™

Biofuel Production From Spent Coffee Grounds By Supercritical Ethyl Acetate, Wirasinee Supang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this work, spent coffee grounds (SCGs) was used as the feedstock for biofuel production by supercritical ethyl acetate. The SCGs is waste obtained from coffee industrial that is continuously increasing every year. To make SCGs becomes more valuable, utilization of ethyl acetate as the extracting and reacting solvents for biofuel production via interesterification reaction. The characterization of SCGs sample showed that the moisture content of fresh SCGs was around 56 wt%. After oven drying, the moisture of SCGs was reduced to 12.76 %wt. To prolong the shelf-life of the sample and to minimize impact of hydrolysis on interesterification reaction, …

ประสิทธิภาพของเซลล์สุริยะชนิดเพอรอฟสไกต์ที่เพิ่มขึ้นจากการเจือโบรอนในชั้นส่งผ่านอิเล็กตรอน, ณัฐพล ลิขิตธนานันท์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

เซลล์สุริยะชนิดเพอรอฟสไกต์มีค่าประสิทธิภาพการเปลี่ยนพลังงานแสงเป็นพลังงานไฟฟ้าที่สูง แต่ค่าประสิทธิภาพของเซลล์สุริยะชนิดเพอรอฟสไกต์นั้นขึ้นอยู่กับองค์ประกอบทางเคมี และโครงสร้างในแต่ละชั้น ซึ่งจำเป็นต้องถูกปรับปรุงและหาเงื่อนไขที่เหมาะสมที่สุด หนึ่งในปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อค่าประสิทธิภาพโดยรวมของเซลล์คือ จุดตำหนิในโครงสร้างของสารไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์ซึ่งถูกใช้ทำเป็นชั้นส่งผ่านอิเล็กตรอนในเซลล์สุริยะชนิดเพอรอฟสไกต์ โดยจะส่งผลให้เกิดปัญหาในการเกิดการรวมกันของคู่พาหะอิเล็กตรอน-หลุมอิเล็กตรอน ในงานวิจัยฉบับนี้จึงสนใจที่จะปรับปรุงชั้นไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์ด้วยการเจือโบรอนที่ความเข้มข้นร้อยละ 1-5 ด้วยวิธีโซล-เจล และการทำไฮโดรเทอร์มอล ค่าแถบช่องว่างพลังงานได้ถูกศึกษาด้วยเทคนิคการดูดกลืนรังสียูวี พบว่าค่าแถบช่องว่างพลังงานจะมีค่าสูงขึ้นจาก 3.2 3.35 3.4 3.5 3.52 และ 3.55 อิเล็กตรอนโวลต์ตามลำดับ นอกจากนี้ปริมาณอิเล็กตรอนอิสระในโครงสร้างของไทเทเนียมไดออกไซด์ถูกศึกษาด้วยเทคนิคเหนี่ยวนำอิเล็กตรอนอิสระด้วยสนามแม่เหล็ก พบว่าการเจือโบรอนที่ร้อยละ 1 และ 2 สามารถลดปริมาณความเข้มข้นของจุดตำหนิได้ ซึ่งสอดคล้องกับการเพิ่มขึ้นของค่าการนำไฟฟ้าที่วิเคราะห์ด้วยเทคนิคความสัมพันธ์ของแรงดันไฟฟ้าและกระแสไฟฟ้า นอกจากนี้ค่าอิมพีแดนซ์สำหรับการส่งผ่านพาหะ และค่าอิมพีแดนซ์ต่อต้านการรวมกันของพาหะถูกวิเคราะห์ด้วยเทคนิคอิมพีแดนซ์สเปกโตรสโกปีเชิงเคมีไฟฟ้า พบว่ามีค่าลดลงและเพิ่มขึ้นตามลำดับสำหรับการเจือโบรอนที่ร้อยละ 1 และ 2 ค่าประสิทธิภาพของเซลล์สุริยะและค่าตัวแปรทางอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ถูกศึกษาด้วยเทคนิคความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างกระเส-แรงดันซึ่งพบว่าการเจือโบรอนที่ร้อยละ 2 ให้ค่าประสิทธิภาพในการเปลี่ยนพลังงานแสงเป็นพลังงานไฟฟ้าสูงสุดถึงร้อยละ 15.55 และมีค่าความต่างศักย์เมื่อวงจรเปิด 1.07 โวลต์ ค่าความหนาแน่นกระแสลัดวงจร 23.7 มิลลิแอมป์ต่อตารางเซนติเมตร และค่าฟิลแฟคเตอร์เท่ากับร้อยละ 61.4

ผลของสารเติมแต่งขั้วสังกะสีต่อสมรรถนะของแบตเตอรี่สังกะสี-ไอออนแบบประจุกลับได้, ธีรบูรณ์ จรูญเสถียรพงศ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

แบตเตอรี่สังกะสี-ไอออนแบบกลับประจุได้ถือเป็นแบตเตอรี่ทางเลือกชนิดหนึ่งที่ค่อนข้างได้รับความสนใจในปัจจุบันเนื่องจากขั้วแอโนดของแบตเตอรี่ทำมาจากสังกะสีซึ่งเป็น ธาตุที่สามารถหาได้ง่าย มีราคาถูก และมีความปลอดภัยในการใช้งานที่สูง แต่แบตเตอรี่สังกะสี-ไอออนยังคงมีข้อจำกัดในเรื่องของค่าความจุของแบตเตอรี่และจำนวนรอบการใช้งานต่ำ เกินกว่าจะพัฒนาเป็นแบตเตอรี่เชิงพาณิชย์ ซึ่งข้อจำกัดดังกล่าวมีสาเหตุจากขั้วสังกะสีที่เป็นแผ่นสังกะสีส่งผลให้มีพื้นที่ในการเกิดปฎิกิริยาไฟฟ้าเคมีที่จำกัด นอกเหนือจากนั้นยังมีปัญหาเรื่องของการเกิดสังกะสีรูปแบบกิ่งก้านซึ่งเมื่อใช้งานแบตเตอรี่หลายครั้งจะมีโอกาสทำให้แบตเตอรี่เกิดการลัดวงจรและส่งผลให้แบตเตอรี่เสียหาย ดังนั้นงานวิจัยนี้จึงพัฒนาขั้วผงสังกะสีเป็นขั้วแอโนดเพื่อแทนที่ขั้วแผ่นสังกะสี นอกจากนี้ยังทำการศึกษาผลของสารเติมแต่ง ได้แก่ คาร์บอนแบล็คและบิสมัทออกไซด์ที่เติมลงไปในขั้วพร้อมกับผงสังกะสีซึ่ง พบว่า ขั้วคาร์บอนแบล็คและบิสมัทออกไซด์จะแสดงความสามารถในการละลาย/พอกพูนของสังกะสีที่สูงขึ้นซึ่งจะแสดงค่า ∆V ประมาณ 0.03 V นอกจากนี้ยังแสดงค่าความจุของแบตเตอรี่ที่ค่อยๆเพิ่มสูงขึ้นจนมากกว่าขั้วแผ่นสังกะสีซึ่งจะมีค่าสูงสุดที่ 400 mAh g-1 ที่ความหนาแน่นไฟฟ้า 0.1 A g-1 และ 140 mAh g-1 ที่ความหนาแน่นไฟฟ้า 1 A g-1 และแสดงจำนวนรอบการใช้งานที่สูงมากขึ้นเมื่อใช้กับความหนาแน่นไฟฟ้า 1 A g-1 นอกจากนี้ขั้วยังมีคุณสมบัติในการยับยั้งการเกิดสังกะสีรูปแบบกิ่งก้านและมีค่าความต้านทานการเคลื่อนที่ของไอออนที่ต่ำลงซึ่งส่งผลให้แบตเตอรี่มีประสิทธิภาพมากยิ่งขึ้น

Exploring Wellbore And Reservoir Temperature Profiles In Fluid Circulation And Production Operations, Ahmed Qasim Al Saedi

Doctoral Dissertations

"The wellbore heat flow occurs during different well operations resulting from any temperature differences between the wellbore fluid and the adjacent formation. Understanding the direction and mechanism of heat flow whether it is conduction or convection help to represent this heat exchange mathematically. However, the only available factor used to understand the heat flow behavior is the measured wellbore temperature which can be obtained from the direct measurement while drilling or circulation operations, well logging, well test, or from the production operations. Also, the initial geothermal formation temperature resulting from the geothermal gradient will help to understand the undistributed formation …

Experimental Study On A Novel Eor Method -- Polymeric Nanogel Combined With Surfactant And Low Salinity Water Flooding To Enhance Oil Recovery, Mustafa M. Almahfood

Doctoral Dissertations

“Extracting higher amounts of oil from current reservoirs is a necessity for the oil industry to enhance their profitability and sustainability. The desire to recover more oil from the existing reservoirs has led to a growing interest of nanoparticle application in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, most researchers have focused on the evaluation and surface modification of non-deformable nanoparticles. This dissertation evaluates the potential of deformable nanogel particles as an EOR material when they are combined with two other promising technologies - surfactant and low salinity water floodings. The particle size distribution, ζ-potential and interfacial tension were measured for a …

An Integrated Wellbore Stability Study To Mitigate Expensive Wellbore Instability Problems While Drilling Into Zubair Shale/Sand Sequence, Southern Iraq, Ahmed Khudhair Abbas

Doctoral Dissertations

”The Zubair Formation is the most prolific reservoir in Iraq, which is comprised of sandstones interbedded with shale sequences. Due to the weak nature of the shale sequence, the instability of a wellbore is one of the most critical challenges that continuously appears during drilling across this formation. Historically, over 90% of wellbore problems in the Zubair Formation were due to wellbore instability. Problems associated with wellbore instability, such as tight hole, shale caving, stuck logging tools along with subsequent fishing, stuck pipe, and sidetracking result in increasing the non-productive time. This non-productive time has cost an enormous amount of …

Integrated Approach To Investigate The Wellbore Integrity Under Downhole Conditions, Weicheng Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

“The integrity of the cement sheath is the key part to maintain zonal isolation and prevent the inter-zonal communication. Loads arising from multiple stages of wellbore life span may induce various modes of cement failure within the cement (disking and radial cracks) and at the cement-casing and the cement-formation interfaces (debonding fractures). This research utilizes the integrated laboratory and numerical approach to investigate the cement hardening process, to predict the cement failure under various loading conditions. An innovative experimental setup is established to measure the cement pore pressure variation during the hardening process under downhole conditions, and a staged 3D …

Investigation Of The Stability Of Liquid And Air Films By Synchronized Tri-Wavelength Reflection Interferometry Microscope, Yuesheng Gao

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Liquid films are widely involved in many processes, such as froth flotation, oil extraction, foam/bubble stabilization, etc. In the meantime, air films are commonly seen in diverse fields like dust control, ink print, coating industry, and so on. Stabilities of these liquid/air films are of great importance to improve the processes. As more and more researchers are paying increasing attention to liquid/air films, tremendous efforts have been made to explore the properties of the films. On the one hand, some theoretical models have also been well developed in recent decades. State-of-the-art technologies, such as AFM, SFA, and RICM, have also …

Application Of Artificial Neural Networks In The Drilling Processes: Can Equivalent Circulation Density Be Estimated Prior To Drilling?, Husam Hasan Alkinani, Abo Taleb Al-Hameedi, Shari Dunn-Norman, David Lian

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

As the drilling environment became more challenging nowadays, managing equivalent circulating density (ECD) is a key factor to minimize non-productive time (NPT) due to many drilling obstacles such as stuck pipe, formation fracturing, and lost circulation. The goal of this work was to predict ECD prior to drilling by using artificial neural network (ANN). Once ECD is recognized, the crucial drilling variables impact ECD can be modified to control ECD within the acceptable ranges. Data from over 2000 wells collected worldwide were used in this study to create an ANN to predict ECD prior to drilling. Into training, validation, and …

A Characterization Of Different Alkali Chemical Agents For Alkaline Flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations: An Experimental Investigation, Sherif Fakher, Hesham Abdelaal, Youssef Elgahawy, Abdulmohsin Imqam

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Alkaline injection is a chemical enhanced oil recovery method that is used to increase oil recovery by reacting with the crude oil and creating an in situ surfactant. Many chemical agents can be used as an alkali during injection all of which have several advantages and disadvantages. This research focuses on the innate properties of three alkali agents and their ability to alter pH and temperature downhole. Alkali solutions were prepared with five different concentrations including 0.2, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%. The impact of varying the alkali concentration, monovalent cations manifested in sodium chloride, and divalent cations manifested …

Extraction And Visualization Of Orientation Data From Virtual Geologic Surfaces With Matlab®, Avery J. Welker, John Patrick Hogan, Andreas Eckert

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-resolution visualization of surfaces of geologic interest, at a multitude of scales, using 3D point cloud technologies provides an opportunity to analyze spatial relationships of surfaces using orientation data. We present a MATLAB® script that produces planar geologic attitude data (e.g., strike, dip, and dip-direction data) from 3D datasets (e.g., point clouds, 3D scanning). The method utilizes Cartesian coordinates of triangular planar surfaces and converts them into matrices of conventional geologic attitude data. Spatial relationships among data points can be investigated, using polar tangent diagrams, stereographic analysis, or geologic curvature analysis. We utilize this script to create "synthetic" graphical plots …

Effect Of Surfactant, Oil:Water Ratio And Temperature On The Rheology Of Emulsion-Suspension Complex Fluids: Implications For Oil-Based Drilling Fluids, Gilles Landry Numkam

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Drilling fluids are non-Newtonian mixtures that play a critical role in the timely and successful completion of oil and gas wells. In the particular case of offshore operations, proper design of drilling fluids is of paramount importance in the constant quest to lower break-even prices. Most downhole problems are directly or in-directly related to the rheological and physical properties of drilling fluids, thereby calling for a better understanding of the underlying changes of these properties with respect to drilling fluid composition and external conditions.

The current stance in the design of drilling fluids involves the selection of components and their …

The Potential Of Using Micro-Sized Crosslinked Polymer Gel To Remediate Water Leakage In Cement Sheaths, Murad Abdulfarraj, Abdulmohsin Imqam

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cementing is a major step in the construction and sealing of hydrocarbon wells. During the life cycle of the well, cement is prone to cracking due to a change in downhole conditions. This research investigates the use of micro-sized crosslinked polymer gel as a sealant material to mitigate cracked cement sheaths. Two experimental setups were designed to investigate water leakage through cement. The impact of polymer gel strength on the gel's ability to seal cement cracks was investigated using four gel strengths, including 500 pa, 1200 pa, 1450 pa, and 2440 pa. The impact of the width of the cement …

Novel Coupling Smart Water-Co₂ Flooding For Sandstone Reservoirs, Hasan N. Al-Saedi, Ralph E. Flori

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

CO₂ flooding is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective EOR technique that can be used to unlock residual oil from oil reservoirs. Smart water is any water that is engineered by manipulating the ionic composition, regardless of the resulting salinity of the water. One CO2 flooding mechanism is wettability alteration, which meets with the main smart water flooding function. Injecting CO₂ alone increases the likelihood of an early breakthrough and gravity override problems, which have already been solved using water-alternating-gas (WAG) using regular water. WAG is an emerging enhanced oil recovery process designed to enhance sweep efficiency during gas …

Novel Coupling Smart Water-Co₂ Flooding For Sandstone Reservoirs; Smart Seawater-Alternating-Co₂ Flooding (Smsw-Agf), Hasan N. Al-Saedi, Ralph E. Flori

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

CO₂ flooding is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective EOR technique that can be used to unlock residual oil from oil reservoirs. Smart water is any water that is engineered by manipulating the ionic composition, regardless of the resulting salinity of the water. One CO₂ flooding mechanism is wettability alteration, which meets with the main smart water flooding function. Injecting CO₂ alone raise an early breakthrough and gravity override problems, which have already been solved using water alternating gas (WAG) using regular water. WAG is an emerging enhanced oil recovery process designed to enhance sweep efficiency during gas …

Application Of Pressure And Rate Transient Analyses To Stress-Sensitive Multi-Fractured Composite Systems And Compartmentalized Reservoirs, Oscar Mauricio Molina

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Pressure transient analysis (PTA) is one of the most robust and commonly interpretation tools available for reservoir characterization. Common applications of PTA include estimation of near-wellbore and reservoir properties, detection of reservoir limits and identification of depletion mechanisms. In addition, PTA allows the identification of sealing and leaky faults and the characterization of its properties, such as permeability and transmissibility hence direction of leakage within the fault.

The purpose of this dissertation is to introduce the analytical solution for pressure-transient behavior for three novel reservoir models. First, we develop the analytical model of a multi-fracture horizontal well (MFHW) with pressure-dependent …

Field Drilling Data Cleaning And Preparation For Data Analytics Applications, Daniel Cardoso Braga

LSU Master's Theses

Throughout the history of oil well drilling, service providers have been continuously striving to improve performance and reduce total drilling costs to operating companies. Despite constant improvement in tools, products, and processes, data science has not played a large part in oil well drilling. With the implementation of data science in the energy sector, companies have come to see significant value in efficiently processing the massive amounts of data produced by the multitude of internet of thing (IOT) sensors at the rig. The scope of this project is to combine academia and industry experience to analyze data from 13 different …

Influence Of Frictional Or Rotational Kinetic Energy On Wellbore-Fluid/Temperature Profiles During Drilling Operations, Ahmed Q. Al Saedi, Ralph E. Flori, C. Shah Kabir

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Temperature-profile distributions in a wellbore during drilling operations might take different forms when applying the energy balance in the overall system. For steady-state conditions, wherein the wellbore is considered a closed system, adding any source of additional energy to this system can influence the predicted temperature profiles. This study presents a new analytical model to investigate the influence of rotational energy arising from the drillstring operation on the wellbore-temperature behavior.

A significant part of the drilling operation is rotation of the drillstring. Depending on the drilling rig, various equipment provides this kind of energy, such as the rotary table or …

Mud Loss Estimation Using Machine Learning Approach, Abo Taleb T. Al-Hameedi, Husam H. Alkinani, Shari Dunn-Norman, Ralph E. Flori, Steven Austin Hilgedick, Ahmed S. Amer, Mortadha Alsaba

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Lost circulation costs are a significant expense in drilling oil and gas wells. Drilling anywhere in the Rumaila field, one the world's largest oilfields, requires penetrating the Dammam formation, which is notorious for lost circulation issues and thus a great source of information on lost circulation events. This paper presents a new, more precise model to predict lost circulation volumes, equivalent circulation density (ECD), and rate of penetration (ROP) in the Dammam formation. A larger data set, more systematic statistical approach, and a machine-learning algorithm have produced statistical models that give a better prediction of the lost circulation volumes, ECD, …

The Effect Of Testing Conditions On The Performance Of Lost Circulation Materials: Understandable Sealing Mechanism, Montri Jeennakorn, Mortadha Alsaba, Runar Nygaard, Arild Saasen, Olav Magnar Nes

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Lost circulation materials (LCMs) are added to drilling fluids to mitigate lost circulation (LOC) problems. Designing the fluid requires a good understanding of sealing mechanisms and all the parameters affecting the sealing performance. Laboratory testing apparatus is the key concept for LCM evaluation ensuring successful treatment. The high-pressure test cell containing fracture discs is an effective tool among the broadly designed apparatus. A variety of formulations has been developed from the LCM physical properties. Recently, the testing conditions such as the slot wall angles, and the fracture disc thickness were found to have significant effects on the evaluation results. However, …