Thermodynamic Kinetics And Efficiency Analysis Of Methyl Viologen,
2012
Brigham Young University - Provo
Thermodynamic Kinetics And Efficiency Analysis Of Methyl Viologen, Chang Chen
Theses and Dissertations
Methyl Viologen (MV) is an electron mediator that has great possibilities to be used with an electrode system in which the electrode system provides electrons towards reducing MV species. MV has three redox states and they can be converted to each other via redox reactions on the surface of the electrode. The concentration of the three species of MV was related to the voltage potential applied to the system through a thermodynamic model. With the thermodynamic model the concentration of the three species can be predicted with different applied voltage potentials towards providing guidance for controlling the redox state of …
Development Of A Ground Based Remote Sensing Approach For Direct Evaluation Of Aerosol-Cloud Interaction,
2012
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Development Of A Ground Based Remote Sensing Approach For Direct Evaluation Of Aerosol-Cloud Interaction, Bomidi Lakshmi Madhavan, Yuzhe He, Yonghua Wu, Barry Gross, Fred Moshary, Samir Ahmed
Publications and Research
The possible interaction and modification of cloud properties due to aerosols is one of the most poorly understood mechanisms within climate studies, resulting in the most significant uncertainty as regards radiation budgeting. In this study, we explore direct ground based remote sensing methods to assess the Aerosol-Cloud Indirect Effect directly, as space-borne retrievals are not directly suitable for simultaneous aerosol/cloud retrievals. To illustrate some of these difficulties, a statistical assessment of existing multispectral imagers on geostationary (e.g., GOES)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite retrievals of the Cloud Droplet Effective Radius (Reff) showed significant biases especially at larger solar zenith angles, …
Rat Brain Pro-Oxidant Effects Of Peripherally Administered 5 Nm Ceria 30 Days After Exposure,
2012
University of Kentucky
Rat Brain Pro-Oxidant Effects Of Peripherally Administered 5 Nm Ceria 30 Days After Exposure, Sarita S. Hardas, Rukhsana Sultana, Govind Warrier, Mo Dan, Rebecca L. Florence, Peng Wu, Eric A. Grulke, Michael T. Tseng, Jason M. Unrine, Uschi M. Graham, Robert A. Yokel, D. Allan Butterfield
Chemistry Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to determine the residual pro-or anti-oxidant effects in rat brain 30 days after systemic administration of a 5 nm citrate-stabilized ceria dispersion. A ∼4% aqueous ceria dispersion was iv-infused (0 or 85 mg/kg) into rats which were terminated 30 days later. Ceria concentration, localization, and chemical speciation in the brain was assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), light and electron microscopy (EM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), respectively. Pro- or anti-oxidant effects were evaluated by measuring levels of protein carbonyls (PC), 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), and protein-bound-4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (HNE) in the hippocampus, cortex, and …
3d Differentiation Of Neural Stem Cells In Macroporous Photopolymerizable Hydrogel Scaffolds,
2012
The University of Akron
3d Differentiation Of Neural Stem Cells In Macroporous Photopolymerizable Hydrogel Scaffolds, Nic Leipzig
Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering Faculty Research
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are the stem cell of the adult central nervous system (CNS). These cells are able to differentiate into the major cell types found in the CNS (neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes), thus NSPCs are the mechanism by which the adult CNS could potentially regenerate after injury or disorder. Microenviromental factors are critical for guiding NSPC differentiation and are thus important for neural tissue engineering. In this study, D-mannitol crystals were mixed with photocrosslinkable methacrylamide chitosan (MAC) as a porogen to enhance pore size during hydrogel formation. D-mannitol was admixed to MAC at 5, 10 and 20 wt% D-mannitol …
Fabrication And Degradation Of Electrospun Scaffolds From L-Tyrosine Based Polyurethane Blends For Tissue Engineering Applications,
2012
The University of Akron
Fabrication And Degradation Of Electrospun Scaffolds From L-Tyrosine Based Polyurethane Blends For Tissue Engineering Applications, Lingyun Liu
Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering Faculty Research
It is important to control the degradation rate of a tissue-engineered scaffold so that the scaffold will degrade in an appropriate matching rate as the tissue cells grow in. A set of potential tissue engineering scaffolds with controllable rates of degradation were fabricated from blends of two biocompatible, biodegradable L-tyrosine-based polyurethanes (PEG1000-HDI-DTH and PCL1250-HDI-DTH) using the electrospinning process. The scaffolds were characterized by mat morphology, fiber diameter, diameter distribution, pore size, and hydrolytic degradation behavior. The majority of the scaffolds, despite having radically different chemical compositions, possessed no statistical difference with pore sizes and fiber diameters. The degradation pattern observed …
Fabrication Of Ph- Or Temperature-Responsive Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Via A Graft From Photopolymerization,
2012
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Fabrication Of Ph- Or Temperature-Responsive Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Via A Graft From Photopolymerization, Pu Zhang, David B. Henthorn
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
An ultraviolet light initiated "graft from" polymerization method to fabricate polymer-functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with pendant pH- and temperature-responsive polymer chains is utilized. the attached polymer chains, formed from methacrylic acid and poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate monomers, are well established for its pH-responsive swelling/deswelling behavior. This special property was utilized here to control the aqueous dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), a temperature-responsive polymer, was utilized in the fabrication of SWNTs whose dispersibility was dependent on solution temperature. the morphology of the polymer-functionalized carbon nanotubes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after …
Incorporation Of Catalytic Dehydrogenation Into Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis To Lower Carbon Dioxide Emissions,
2012
University of Kentucky
Incorporation Of Catalytic Dehydrogenation Into Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis To Lower Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Gerald P. Huffman
Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Patents
A method for producing liquid fuels includes the steps of gasifying a starting material selected from a group consisting of coal, biomass, carbon nanotubes and mixtures thereof to produce a syngas, subjecting that syngas to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) to produce a hyrdrocarbon product stream, separating that hydrocarbon product stream into C1-C4 hydrocarbons and C5+ hydrocarbons to be used as liquid fuels and subjecting the C1-C4 hydrocarbons to catalytic dehydrogenation (CDH) to produce hydrogen and carbon nanotubes. The hydrogen produced by CDH is recycled to be mixed with the syngas incident to the FTS reactor in order to raise the hydrogen …
Increasing Pt Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity And Durability With A Carbon-Doped Tio 2 Nanocoating Catalyst Support,
2012
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Increasing Pt Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity And Durability With A Carbon-Doped Tio 2 Nanocoating Catalyst Support, Kan Huang, Kotaro Sasaki, Radoslav R. Adzic, Yangchuan Xing
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
We report a conductive TiO2 nanocoating on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a Pt electrocatalyst support that shows a significant enhancement in Pt catalyst activity and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction. by using CNTs as the substrate for TiO2 nanocoating, the nanoscale morphology of the oxide was retained during heat treatment. after carbon doping of the TiO2 nanocoating, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests a shift in the binding energy of Ti 2p, implying a suboxide formation. the X-ray absorption near-edge structure showed the mid-edge and post-edge up to 5010 eV, which are attributed to a 1s → 4p transition and promotion …
Characterization Of Heterogeneous Reaction Systems By Thermal Analysis And Mathematical Modeling,
2012
Cleveland State University
Characterization Of Heterogeneous Reaction Systems By Thermal Analysis And Mathematical Modeling, Shreya Adhikari, Chuck Tillie
Undergraduate Research Posters 2012
It is anticipated that this research will lead to scale-up parameters that can be used to model a laboratory-scale deposition furnace, and guide further experimentation to advance technologies for protective and conversion coatings.
The Study Of Bone Diffusion In Canine Tibia,
2012
Cleveland State University
The Study Of Bone Diffusion In Canine Tibia, Mariela Gonzalez-Nieves
Undergraduate Research Posters 2012
The provision of nutrients is imperative in order to maintain healthy bone structure. Bones are composed of dense connective tissues that are consistently reforming making it difficult for simple diffusion of large signaling molecules to occur. Fully understanding the rate at which nutrients, minerals, and waste travel throughout bone could lead to solutions to problems such as bone illnesses, breaks, and integration of prosthetics in the human body. Enhanced targeted medication delivery can be established as well.
Energy Analysis Of Bio-Ethanol Dehydration Using Pervaporative Processes,
2012
Cleveland State University
Energy Analysis Of Bio-Ethanol Dehydration Using Pervaporative Processes, Michel Elia Kahwaji Janho
Undergraduate Research Posters 2012
Environmental effects and health hazards posed by fossil-fuel based technologies complemented by changes in the global economy have increased the demand for “cleaner” and more efficient technologies. Developments in technologies that rely on renewable or synthetic resources have therefore become more relevant in today’s economy and current industrial outlook. This study focuses on a critical assessment of pervaporation as a dehydration technique in the production of ethanol from sugar-cane. Energy demands of various separation schemes using this technique are evaluated.
Defining The Role Of Ultrasound In Drug Delivery,
2012
Brigham Young University - Provo
Defining The Role Of Ultrasound In Drug Delivery, William G. Pitt
Faculty Publications
Ultrasound is a very effective modality for drug delivery because energy that is noninvasively transmitted through the skin can be focused on a specific location and employed to release drug at that site. Most of the drug delivery techniques employ one or both of the results of ultrasonic insonation – the generation of thermal energy, called hyperthermia, or the oscillation of gas bubbles, called acoustic cavitation. Cavitation perturbs cell membrane structures via several modes and increases the permeability to drugs or other solutes. Microconvection, caused by stable cavitation, shears cell membranes. The shock waves and fluid jets of inertial cavitation …
Effects Of Thiophene Units On Substituted Benzothiadiazole And Benzodithiophene Copolymers For Photovoltaic Applications,
2012
Central South University, Changsha, China
Effects Of Thiophene Units On Substituted Benzothiadiazole And Benzodithiophene Copolymers For Photovoltaic Applications, Ping Ding, Yingping Zou, Cheng-Che Chu, Dequan Xiao, Chain-Shu Hsu
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications
Two conjugated copolymers, P1 and P2, comprising of benzodithiophene and 5, 6-dioctyloxy-benzothiadiazole (DOBT) derivatives with/without thiophene unit, were synthesized via Stille cross-coupling polymerization reaction. These copolymers are promising for the applications in BHJ solar cells due to their good solubilities， proper thermal stability and moderate hole mobility as well as low bandgap. The photovoltaic properties of the copolymers were investigated based on the blend of the different polymer/PC71BM weight ratio under AM1.5G illumination, 100 mW/cm2. The device with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P2: PC71BM (1:2, w/w)/Ca/Al gave relatively better photovoltaic performance, with a power conversion efficiency of 1.55%.
Phase Transitions Of Nanoemulsions Using Ultrasound: Experimental Observations,
2012
Brigham Young University
Phase Transitions Of Nanoemulsions Using Ultrasound: Experimental Observations, Ram Singh, Ghaleb A. Husseini, William G. Pitt
Faculty Publications
The ultrasound-induced transformation of perfluorocarbon liquids to gases is of interest in the area of drug and gene delivery. In this study, three independent parameters (temperature, size, and perfluorocarbon species) were selected to investigate the effects of 476-kHz and 20-kHz ultrasound on nanoemulsion phase transition. Two levels of each factor (low and high) were considered at each frequency. The acoustic intensities at gas bubble formation and at the onset of inertial cavitation were recorded and subsequently correlated with the acoustic parameters. Experimental data showed that low frequencies are more effective in forming and collapsing a bubble. Additionally, as the size …
Design And Characterization Of Asymmetric Cross-Linked Polymer Membranes By Molecular Dynamics Modeling And Simulations,
2012
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Design And Characterization Of Asymmetric Cross-Linked Polymer Membranes By Molecular Dynamics Modeling And Simulations, Jee-Ching Wang, Athanasios I. Liapis
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Developing Novel Prognostic Biomarkers For Multivariate Fracture Risk Prediction Algorithms,
2012
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Developing Novel Prognostic Biomarkers For Multivariate Fracture Risk Prediction Algorithms, Ernest K. Poku, Mark R. Towler, Niamh M. Cummins, Jeff D. Newman
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Multivariate prediction algorithms such as FRAX® and QFracture Scores provide an opportunity for new prognostic biomarkers to be developed and incorporated, potentially leading to better fracture prediction. As more research is conducted into these novel biomarkers, a number of factors need to be considered for their successful development for inclusion in these algorithms. In this review, we describe two well-known multivariate prediction algorithms for osteoporosis fracture risk applicable to the UK population, FRAX and QFracture Scores, and comment on the current prognostic tools available for fracture risk; dual X-ray assessment, quantitative ultrasonography, and genomic/biochemical markers. We also highlight the factors …
Stochastic Simulation Of Entangled Polymeric Liquids In Fast Flows: Microstructure Modification,
2012
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Stochastic Simulation Of Entangled Polymeric Liquids In Fast Flows: Microstructure Modification, Joontaek Park, David W. Mead, Morton M. Denn
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
We have modified the full-chain stochastic tube (XDS) model developed by Xu et al. [J. Rheol. 50, 477-494 (2006)] to simulate the rheology of entangled melts and solutions of linear monodisperse polymers. The XDS model, which has a single adjustable parameter that is equivalent to the Rouse time, successfully describes steady and transient shear and normal stress data at low to moderate rates, but the results deviate systematically from experimental data at high rates. The algorithm for re-entanglement was revised, and a configuration- dependent friction coefficient (CDFC), as originally proposed by Giesekus, was incorporated to account for microstructural change of …
Electrocatalytic Activities Of Mb/Aunps/Mwnts/Gc Electrode For Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction,
2012
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis of the Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China;
Electrocatalytic Activities Of Mb/Aunps/Mwnts/Gc Electrode For Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction, Zheng-Juan Huang, Hua-Ping Peng, Dai-Jun Cha, Ai-Lin Liu, Wei Chen, Xin-Hua Lin, Yong-Ji You
Journal of Electrochemistry
A novel matrix, multiwalled carbon nanotubes supported Au nanoparticles composite nanomaterial (AuNPs/MWNTs), for immobilization of protein and biosensing was designed using a simple and effective one-step in situ synthesis route. Using myoglobin (Mb) as a model, the direct electrochemistry of the immobilized proteins on the AuNPs/MWNTs composite was studied. The results showed that the AuNPs/MWNTs composite can maintain the bioactivity and facilitate the direct electrochemistry of Mb in the Mb/AuNPs/MWNTs/GC electrode. Based on the direct electron transfer of the immobilized Mb, the protein electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of H2O2 with a linear range …
In Vitro Cytotoxicity And Skin Irritation Testing Of Antimicrobial Conjugated Electrolytes : Interactions With Mammalian Cells,
2012
University of New Mexico
In Vitro Cytotoxicity And Skin Irritation Testing Of Antimicrobial Conjugated Electrolytes : Interactions With Mammalian Cells, Kristin N. Wilde
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
An estimated 19,000 deaths and $3-4 billion in health care costs per year in the U.S. are attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Certain cationic phenylene ethynylene (CPE)-based polymers (PPEs) and oligomers (OPEs) have been demonstrated to exhibit dark and light-activated antimicrobial activity. Envisioned applications of these CPEs include the fabrication of antimicrobial surfaces to reduce or prevent the spread of potentially untreatable strains of bacteria. Until recently, it was unknown if the polymers or oligomers would exhibit similar biocidal activity toward mammalian cells. This work examines the toxicity of CPEs to mammalian cells at three levels: cytoxicity testing …
Synthesis And Electrochemical Properties Of High-Capacity Cathode Material 0.08lico0.75Al0.25O2-0.92linio2,
2012
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology. Beijing 100029 China
Synthesis And Electrochemical Properties Of High-Capacity Cathode Material 0.08lico0.75Al0.25O2-0.92linio2, Ru-Ying Wang, Tian Qiu, Chong Mao, Wen-Sheng Yang
Journal of Electrochemistry
CoAl-LDH or Co(OH)2 coated spherical Ni(OH)2 precursors were obtained via a co-precipitation method at a constant pH. The mixtures of the precursors and LiOH·H2O were annealed at high temperature in O2 atmosphere, and then the cathode materials of 0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2, 0.08LiCoO2-0.92LiNiO2 and LiNiO2 were synthesized. Effects of the coating layer were also studied. The results showed that the 0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2 material possessed the best rate and cycle life performance. The discharging capacities at 0.1C, 0.5C and 3C were …
