2014 Chemical And Biomolecular Graduate Research Symposium Program,
2014
Clemson University
2014 Chemical And Biomolecular Graduate Research Symposium Program, Clemson University
Chemical and Biomolecular Graduate Research Symposium
Program for the 2014 Graduate Research Symposium in Holmes Ballroom - Clemson House.
Theoretical Framework For Multiple-Polymorph Particle Precipitation In Highly Supersaturated Systems,
2014
University of Utah
Theoretical Framework For Multiple-Polymorph Particle Precipitation In Highly Supersaturated Systems, B. B. Schroeder, D. D. Harris, S. T. Smith, D. O. Lignell
Faculty Publications
An overarching mathematical framework is proposed to describe entire mineral particle precipitation processes, including multiple polymorphic forms and ranges of temperatures. While existing models portray individual physical phenomena, the presented approach incorporates a diverse set of the physical phenomena simultaneously within a single mathematical description. The liquid and solid phase dynamics interact through coupling an aqueous ionic equilibrium-chemistry model with a set of population balance equations and a mixing model. Including the particle physical phenomena, nucleation, growth, dissolution, and aggregation together within a single framework allows for the exploration of nonintuitive and nontrivial coupling effects. To validate the proposed framework, …
Phase Transitions Of Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion Induced With Ultrasound: A Mathematical Model,
2014
Brigham Young University
Phase Transitions Of Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion Induced With Ultrasound: A Mathematical Model, William G. Pitt, Ram N. Singh, Krystian X. Perez, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Daniel R. Jack
Faculty Publications
While ultrasound has been used in many medical and industrial applications, only recently has research been done on phase transformations induced by ultrasound. This paper presents a numerical model and the predicted results of the phase transformation of a spherical nanosized droplet of perfluorocarbon in water. Such a model has applications in acoustic droplet vaporization, the generation of gas bubbles for medical imaging, therapeutic delivery and other biomedical applications. The formation of a gas phase and the subsequent bubble dynamics were studied as a function of acoustic parameters, such as frequency and amplitude, and of the physical aspects of the …
Porous Titania Microspheres With Uniform Wall Thickness And High Photoactivity,
2014
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Porous Titania Microspheres With Uniform Wall Thickness And High Photoactivity, Xinhua Liang, Rajankumar L. Patel
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Highly porous titania particles were prepared by depositing thin films of titania, using alternating reactions of TiCl4 and hydrogen peroxide, on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) template particles via atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 77 C. The composition of the titania films was verified by XPS analysis, and the titania films were directly observed by TEM. TGA/DSC was used to study the thermal decomposition of the polymer template. Porous titania particles with uniform wall thicknesses were successfully obtained after the template PS-DVB was removed by oxidation in air at 400 C for 24 h. Verification of the resulting porous structure of the titania …
Pulse Electrodeposition Of Pd-Ni Alloy Nanoparticles For Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Formic Acid,
2014
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China;
Pulse Electrodeposition Of Pd-Ni Alloy Nanoparticles For Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Formic Acid, Fang-Zu Yang, Jun-Pei Yue, Zhong-Qun Tian, Shao-Min Zhou
Journal of Electrochemistry
The Pd-Ni alloy nanoparticles with nickel atomic contents of 12.0%, 16.4% and 22.6% were successfully electrodeposited from a Pd-Ni alloy electrolyte by square wave pulse plating. The alloy nanoparticles were in the spherical shape with a diameter of 50 ~ 80 nm. As the growth potential of the alloy was negatively shifted, the nickel content of the alloy was increased, and the size of the nanoparticles was almost the same, whereas the number, the degree of crosslinking and the real active area of the nanoparticles were increased. As the nickel content of the alloy nanoparticles increased, the peak current for …
Synthesis And Electrochemical Properties Of Lico1-XMgXMno4 And Lico1-XAlXMno4 (X= 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1) As Positive Materials For Lithium-Ion Batteries,
2014
Department of Chemistry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 35007, China;
Synthesis And Electrochemical Properties Of Lico1-XMgXMno4 And Lico1-XAlXMno4 (X= 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1) As Positive Materials For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Mei-Ling You, Qing-Song Tong, Xiu-Hua Li, Min Lin, Xing-Kang Huang, Yong Yang
Journal of Electrochemistry
The Al-doped and Mg-doped LiCoMnO4 materials were synthesized through solid-state reaction. The effects of doping amounts of Mg and Al on the initial capacities, discharge plateaus, and cycle performances were investigated. The morphologies and structures of the as-prepared materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the as-prepared samples were composed of uniform, well-crystallized particles. The pristine LiCoMnO4 possessed an initial capacity of 87.0 mAh·g-1, while LiCo0.98Mg0.02MnO4 and LiCo0.98Al0.02MnO4 delivered 91.3 and 93.6 mAh·g-1, respectively. The proper …
Fabrication And Impedance Performance Of Gradient Lani0.6Fe0.4O3-δ-Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 Composite Cathodes For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,
2014
Institute of Fuel Cell, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
Fabrication And Impedance Performance Of Gradient Lani0.6Fe0.4O3-δ-Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 Composite Cathodes For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Yang Li, Bo Huang, Meng Yuan, Zhi-Qiu Zhang, Zong-Yao Liu, Xu-Chen Tang, Xin-Jian Zhu
Journal of Electrochemistry
A LNF-GDC composite cathode with a gradual change in the composition between ScSZ electrolyte and LNF cathode was fabricated to reduce the cathode polarization resistance (Rp). The gradual change in composition between ScSZ electrolyte and LNF cathode shows the decreases in the charge transfer resistance (Rct) and gas phase diffusion resistance (Rd). The results revealed that the Rp value, measuring 0.452 Ω·cm2 at 750 °C, was the lowest for LNF-GDC composite cathodes with three layers and gradient changes in composition between ScSZ and LNF (Cathode C),, whereas the Rp value of 70%LNF-30%GDC composite …
Study On Carbon Supported Pd Catalysts Modified By Phosphomolybdic Acid For H2O2 Electrocatalytic Reduction,
2014
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, TongLiao 028000, Inner Mongolia, China;
Study On Carbon Supported Pd Catalysts Modified By Phosphomolybdic Acid For H2O2 Electrocatalytic Reduction, Li-Mei Sun, Cheng Zhang, Ying-Rong Bao, Hong-Xia Li
Journal of Electrochemistry
The Pd/C catalyst was prepared with the chemical reduction method, and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) was modified on the Pd/C catalyst using the dipping method. The compositions and structures of the Pd/C and Pd/C modified by phosphomolybdic acid (PMA-Pd/C) catalysts were characterized with X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the catalysts for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results showed that the phosphomolybdic acid was tightly fixed on the surface of Pd/C catalyst through the chemical interaction. The eletrocatalytic activity of …
Preparation Of Pd/Tio2/C Catalyst And Its Electrocatalytic Performance In Basic Solution For Ethanol Oxidation,
2014
Key laboratory of Shanghai Colleges and Universities for Electric Power Corrosion Control and Applied Electrochemistry, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China;
Preparation Of Pd/Tio2/C Catalyst And Its Electrocatalytic Performance In Basic Solution For Ethanol Oxidation, Qiao-Xia Li, Yi-Chao Yang, Ming-Shuang Liu, Hong-Min Mao, Qun-Jie Xu
Journal of Electrochemistry
Nanoparticles TiO2 were prepared by hydrothermal method using precursor tetrabutyl titanate. The Pd/TiO2/C catalyst was synthesized by liquid phase reducing method supported on nano TiO2 and Vulcan carbon XC-72. The Pd/TiO2/C catalyst was characterized by XRD, TEM, cyclic voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry. XRD confirmed the face-centered cubic structure of Pd particles, and TEM indicated that Pd particles (size 3 ~ 4 nm) dispersed uniformly on TiO2 and carbon XC-72. The results from cyclic voltammogram and chronopotentiogram showed the higher ethanol oxidation activity and stability of Pd/TiO2/C catalyst (20% Pd) as compared with …
Electrochemical Oxidation Of Ammonium Nitrite In Absorption Solution Of Flue Gas,
2014
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China;
Electrochemical Oxidation Of Ammonium Nitrite In Absorption Solution Of Flue Gas, Yong-Hong Lu, Xiao-Bo Dong, Li-Sha Wang, Yan Liu, Chen-Jian Zhu, Hai-Bo Xu
Journal of Electrochemistry
In order to make full uses of ammonium nitrite in absorption solution from flue gas simultaneous desulfurization, denitrification and demercurization processes, here the electrochemical oxidation method was used to transform ammonium nitrite into ammonium nitrate. By using polarization curve, cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatic methods, suitable electrode materials were evaluated and chosen. The influence of electrolyte composition was discussed and the appropriate process parameters were obtained. Finally, the effect of electrochemical oxidation was confirmed by chemical analysis method. In 0.05 mol·L-1 NaNO2 + 0.05 mol·L-1 (NH4)2SO4 simulated absorption solution (5 L, pH = …
Interplay Between Chain Stiffness And Excluded Volume Of Semiflexible Polymers Confined In Nanochannels,
2014
University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
Interplay Between Chain Stiffness And Excluded Volume Of Semiflexible Polymers Confined In Nanochannels, Abhiram Muralidhar, Douglas R. Tree, Yanwei Wang, Kevin D. Dorfman
Faculty Publications
The properties of channel-confined semiflexible polymers are determined by a complicated interplay of chain stiffness and excluded volume effects. Using Pruned-Enriched Rosenbluth Method (PERM) simulations, we study the equilibrium properties of channel-confined polymers by systematically controlling chain stiffness and excluded volume. Our calculations of chain extension and confinement free energy for freely jointed chains with and without excluded volume show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. For ideal wormlike chains, the extension is seen to crossover from Odijk behavior in strong confinement to zero-stretching, bulk-like behavior in weak confinement. In contrast, for self-avoiding wormlike chains, we always observe that the linear …
Preparation Of Radiation-Grafted Powders For Use As Anion Exchange Ionomers In Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells,
2014
University of South Carolina - Columbia
Preparation Of Radiation-Grafted Powders For Use As Anion Exchange Ionomers In Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, Simon D. Poynton, Robert C. T. Slade, Travis J. Omasta, William E. Mustain, Ricardo Escudero-Cid, Pilar Ocón, John R. Varcoe
Faculty Publications
A novel alkaline exchange ionomer (AEI) was prepared from the radiation-grafting of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) [ETFE] powders with powder particle sizes of less than 100 μm diameter. Quaternisation of the VBC grafted ETFE powders with trimethylamine resulted in AEIs that were chemically the same as the ETFE-based radiation-grafted alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEM) that had been previously developed for use in low temperature alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFC). The integration of the AEI powders into the catalyst layers (CL) of both electrodes resulted in a H2/O2 fuel cell peak power density of 240 mW cm−2 …
Student Mentoring In Research: Laser-Activated Drug Delivery To Cancer Cells,
2014
Brigham Young University
Student Mentoring In Research: Laser-Activated Drug Delivery To Cancer Cells, William G. Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Summary of Scope of Proposal This proposal was submitted in October of 2011 to organize and fund a mentoring group in the Pitt lab in Chemical Engineering. Marjan Javadi, then a PhD candidate in Chemical Engineering, and 5 uldergraduate students participated in this research group. The purpose was 2-‐fold, both scientific and pedagogical. On the scientific side, Marjan was working on her PhD research to develop a novel drug delivery system called an eLiposome that encapsulated a drug along with a nanoemulsion that turns from liquid to gas upon exposure to ultrasound. The ultrasound can be non-‐invasively (no surgery or …
Predicting Gas-Phase Reaction Rates For Elementary Diatomic Substitutions Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations,
2014
Brigham Young University
Predicting Gas-Phase Reaction Rates For Elementary Diatomic Substitutions Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Karl Fails, Dr. Richard Rowley
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this study was to examine a new method for predicting elementary gas-phase reaction rates using molecular dynamics simulations. The diatomic substitution reaction:was to be used as a test model for its simplicity. Molecular dynamics simulations were to be used to calculate the motion of the interacting atoms. Any associations, dissociations and substitutions were to be counted and recorded.
The Effects Of Combining Ultrasonic Frequency And Antibiotics To Escherichia Coli Biofilms In An In Vivo System,
2014
Brigham Young University
The Effects Of Combining Ultrasonic Frequency And Antibiotics To Escherichia Coli Biofilms In An In Vivo System, Rachel L. Robison, Dr. William G. Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Prosthetic devices are commonly used in modern medicine. There are two types of prosthetic devices, implanted and transdermal. Implanted devices such as vascular grafts, heart valves, and prosthetic joints frequently become colonized by bacteria due to improper surgical techniques or post-operative infections.2 Transdermal devices such as catheters or electrical leads often become infected when bacteria from the patient’s skin migrates along the transdermal device and gains entrance into the body.1 If this occurs, microorganisms can cause serious infection at the site of the prosthetic device.
Multiple Scattering Events In Human Blood Solutions,
2014
Brigham Young University
Multiple Scattering Events In Human Blood Solutions, Xunhai Xu
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Recently, modem medical technology has enabled surgeons and other medical scientists to perform certain organ transplantation within human beings successfully. However, thromboembolization, the formation of thromboemboli (usually of irregular shapes with sizes approximately 10,000 times bigger than that of red blood cell), is likely to occur with such operations. The cause of the thromboemboli is believed to be the interaction between human blood and the foreign materials. Since thromboemboli is a much larger particles than normal blood cells (such as red blood cell, white blood cell and single platelet), their existence in the blood solution might be detrimental to the …
High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics For Electric Vehicle Capacitor Applications,
2014
University of New Mexico
High Temperature Polymer Dielectrics For Electric Vehicle Capacitor Applications, Kylen Johns
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Currently there is a push for low cost, high energy materials with high operating temperatures that can simultaneously reduce cost, weight, and volume in the automotive industry. Economically feasible high performance capacitors are critical to the Department of Energys goal to advance technologies that will ensure energy security and reduce the use of petroleum while reducing cost and environmental impacts. [1] Recent studies have been done to improve the inverter systems in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). HEVs require inverters to convert direct current to alternating current which prevents damage to the battery and powers the electric motor. Current thin film …
Facile Synthesis Of High Surface Area Molybdenum Carbide And Nitride: An Application In Support Materials For Oxygen Reduction Reaction,
2014
University of New Mexico
Facile Synthesis Of High Surface Area Molybdenum Carbide And Nitride: An Application In Support Materials For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Aaron Roy
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
A method to synthesize high surface area α-MoC(1-x) without the temperature programmed reduction (TPR) of MoO3 is described. This method was then used, in conjunction with a novel in situ method to obtain highly dispersed PtMoz supported on α- MoC(1-x), to explore the suitability of such materials as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Mg2(Mo3O8) and Zn2(Mo3O8), alternative tetravalent Mo intermediates to MoO2, were obtained through the thermal decomposition of Mg(MoO4) and Zn(MoO4) in mixtures of CO and H2. A novel sacrificial support method was developed where MgO and ZnO were investigated …
Exploration Of Tm-Nx Orr Electrocatalysts From First Principle Calculations,
2014
University of New Mexico
Exploration Of Tm-Nx Orr Electrocatalysts From First Principle Calculations, Sadia Afrin Kabir
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
Fuel Cells are promising candidates for the energy conversion technologies in particular for non-stationary applications. However, current fuel cells rely on rare and expensive Platinum catalysts and the power generation is limited by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode. An interesting alternative material set which continues to attract significant attention are TM-Nx (TM = Fe, Co, x = 2 - 4) based non-PGM electrocatalysts where the defect motifs are embedded in a carbon matrix during pyrolysis. By studying the material properties of individual defects we can determine how the chemistry and morphology of these TM-Nx motifs are …
Model Systems For The Study Of Active Phase Evolution In Complex Bimetallic Catalysts (Pdzn),
2014
University of New Mexico
Model Systems For The Study Of Active Phase Evolution In Complex Bimetallic Catalysts (Pdzn), Jonathan Paiz
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
This study used PdZn as a model system to investigate phase transformations and its influence on reactivity. Aerosol synthesis was used to study the oxide precursors of the PdZn system, spin coating was used to synthesize model PdZn nanoparticles for phase transformations studies and preliminary work with CO oxidation coupled with methanol steam reforming (MSR) was used to gain insight into in-situ surface reactivity of PdZn for MSR. Multiple characterization techniques including XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, XPS, EDX along with TEM and STEM were used to gain valuable insight into the nature of the samples used in these studies. Investigations into …
