A2 Protein Incorporation Into The Qβ Virus-Like Particle,
2014
Brigham Young University
A2 Protein Incorporation Into The Qβ Virus-Like Particle, Derek Bush, Dr. Band Bundy
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Virus-like Particles (VLPs) are noninfectious synthetic copies of the outer protein shell of viruses. They are highly symmetrical nanostructures that self-assemble from approximately 200 copies of a single “coat” protein. This symmetry makes attachment of singular foreign entities to the VLPs difficult, which limits their current uses in medical and engineering applications. In this research project we have worked to demonstrate the insertion of a single copy of the “A2” protein into the VLP from the Qβ bacteriophage to serve as a possible location for future site-specific VLP modification. Ultimately we believe that this work will lead to the development …
Field Application Of Accelerated Mineral Carbonation,
2014
University of Wyoming
Field Application Of Accelerated Mineral Carbonation, Brandon Reynolds, K. J. Reddy, Morris D. Argyle
Faculty Publications
Globally, coal-fired power plants are the largest industrial source of carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 emissions from flue gas have potential for direct mineralization with electrostatic precipitator fly ash particles in the field. Demonstration scale accelerated mineral carbonation (AMC) studies were conducted at the Jim Bridger Power Plant, a large coal fired power plant located in Wyoming, USA. AMC produces kinetically rapid conditions for increased rates of mineralization of CO2, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and mercury (Hg) on fly ash particles. Control and AMC reacted fly ash particles were investigated for: change in carbon (expressed …
Cfd Black Liquor Bed Simulation,
2014
Brigham Young University
Cfd Black Liquor Bed Simulation, Benjamin Ohran, Dr. Larry Baxter
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The objective of this project was to further the understanding of the bed region of a black liquor recovery boiler. The net output of carbon dioxide from burning black liquor (a paper pulping by-product) is zero, making it a desirable alternative fuel source; however, there are other problems associated with burning black liquor such as boiler fouling, and emissions of pollutants. With the understanding gained from this project it will be possible to further improve the efficiency and emissions of black liquor boilers, making it a more viable fuel alternative.
Co2 Recycling Using Microalgae For The Production Of Fuels,
2014
University of Kentucky
Co2 Recycling Using Microalgae For The Production Of Fuels, Michael H. Wilson, John Groppo, Andrew Placido, S. Graham, S. A. Morton Iii, Eduardo Santillan-Jimenez, Aubrey Shea, Mark Crocker, Czarena Crofcheck, Rodney Andrews
Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty and Staff Publications
CO2 capture and recycle using microalgae was demonstrated at a coal-fired power plant (Duke Energy’s East Bend Station, Kentucky). Using an in-house designed closed loop, vertical tube photobioreactor, Scenedesmus acutus was cultured using flue gas as the CO2 source. Algae productivity of 39 g/(m2 day) in June–July was achieved at significant scale (18,000 L), while average daily productivity slightly in excess of 10 g/(m2 day) was demonstrated in the month of December. A protocol for low-cost algae harvesting and dewatering was developed, and the conversion of algal lipids—extracted from the harvested biomass—to diesel-range hydrocarbons via catalytic …
Porous Nanocomposites With Integrated Internal Domains: Application To Separation Membranes,
2014
Virginia Tech
Porous Nanocomposites With Integrated Internal Domains: Application To Separation Membranes, Wenle Li, John Y. Walz
Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications
Asymmetric membranes with layered structure have made significant achievements due to their balanced properties and multi-functionalities that come from a combination of multiple layers. However, issues such as delamination and substructure resistance are generated by the intrinsic layered structure. Here, we present a strategy to integrate the traditional layered structure into an asymmetric but continuous porous network. Through infiltrations of microparticles and nanoparticles to targeted regions, active domains are created inside the porous scaffold versus having them applied externally. The fabricated internal active domains are highly adjustable in terms of its dimensions, pore size, and materials. We demonstrate that it …
Investigation Of Tio2 And Invo4-Tio2 Semiconductors For The Photocatalytic Degradation Of Aqueous Organics,
2014
University of South Florida
Investigation Of Tio2 And Invo4-Tio2 Semiconductors For The Photocatalytic Degradation Of Aqueous Organics, Sandra L. Pettit
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Water is a vital natural resource. To develop more sustainable water systems, we must focus efforts on the removal of persistent contaminants. Aqueous organic contaminants include azo dyes, halogenated organics (e.g. pesticides), and algal and bacterial metabolites. The latter are common to surface waters and freshwater aquaculture systems and can cause taste and odor problems. Two of the principal organoleptic compounds are geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). Traditional oxidation treatment methods, utilizing chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium permanganate, have been employed with varying levels of efficacy for removal of these and other organic contaminants. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have greater potential …
Influence Of Reduction Promoters On Stability Of Cobalt/Γ-Alumina Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts,
2014
University of Kentucky
Influence Of Reduction Promoters On Stability Of Cobalt/Γ-Alumina Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts, Gary Jacobs, Wenping Ma, Burtron H. Davis
Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty and Staff Publications
This focused review article underscores how metal reduction promoters can impact deactivation phenomena associated with cobalt Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts. Promoters can exacerbate sintering if the additional cobalt metal clusters, formed as a result of the promoting effect, are in close proximity at the nanoscale to other cobalt particles on the surface. Recent efforts have shown that when promoters are used to facilitate the reduction of small crystallites with the aim of increasing surface Co0 site densities (e.g., in research catalysts), ultra-small crystallites (e.g., < 2–4.4 nm) formed are more susceptible to oxidation at high conversion relative to larger ones. The choice of promoter is important, as certain metals (e.g., Au) that promote cobalt oxide reduction can separate from cobalt during oxidation-reduction (regeneration) cycles. Finally, some elements have been identified to promote reduction but either poison the surface of Co0 (e.g., Cu), or produce excessive light gas selectivity (e.g., Cu and Pd, or Au at …
A Reactor Model For Hydrogen Generation From Sodium Borohydride And Water Vapor,
2014
University of South Carolina - Columbia
A Reactor Model For Hydrogen Generation From Sodium Borohydride And Water Vapor, Lin Yu, Michael A. Matthews
Faculty Publications
This paper reports new data on the production of hydrogen from water vapor plus NaBH4, or NaBH4 þ 10% CoCl2. Data were collected with the aid of an isothermal semi-batch reactor with in-situ H2 rate measurement. The reaction of NaBH4 to generate H2 proceeds via three steps: deliquescence, dissolution and reaction. The deliquescence regime of NaBH4 in the presence of 10 weight percent CoCl2 is defined. The H2 yield is quantified at various reaction conditions (reaction temperature 70-120 C, relative humidity 31-69%). CoCl2 significantly accelerates the rate of H2 production compared to deliquescence + reaction of pure NaBH4. It is …
2014 Chemical And Biomolecular Graduate Research Symposium Program,
2014
Clemson University
2014 Chemical And Biomolecular Graduate Research Symposium Program, Clemson University
Chemical and Biomolecular Graduate Research Symposium
Program for the 2014 Graduate Research Symposium in Holmes Ballroom - Clemson House.
Theoretical Framework For Multiple-Polymorph Particle Precipitation In Highly Supersaturated Systems,
2014
University of Utah
Theoretical Framework For Multiple-Polymorph Particle Precipitation In Highly Supersaturated Systems, B. B. Schroeder, D. D. Harris, S. T. Smith, D. O. Lignell
Faculty Publications
An overarching mathematical framework is proposed to describe entire mineral particle precipitation processes, including multiple polymorphic forms and ranges of temperatures. While existing models portray individual physical phenomena, the presented approach incorporates a diverse set of the physical phenomena simultaneously within a single mathematical description. The liquid and solid phase dynamics interact through coupling an aqueous ionic equilibrium-chemistry model with a set of population balance equations and a mixing model. Including the particle physical phenomena, nucleation, growth, dissolution, and aggregation together within a single framework allows for the exploration of nonintuitive and nontrivial coupling effects. To validate the proposed framework, …
Porous Titania Microspheres With Uniform Wall Thickness And High Photoactivity,
2014
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Porous Titania Microspheres With Uniform Wall Thickness And High Photoactivity, Xinhua Liang, Rajankumar L. Patel
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Highly porous titania particles were prepared by depositing thin films of titania, using alternating reactions of TiCl4 and hydrogen peroxide, on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) template particles via atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 77 C. The composition of the titania films was verified by XPS analysis, and the titania films were directly observed by TEM. TGA/DSC was used to study the thermal decomposition of the polymer template. Porous titania particles with uniform wall thicknesses were successfully obtained after the template PS-DVB was removed by oxidation in air at 400 C for 24 h. Verification of the resulting porous structure of the titania …
Phase Transitions Of Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion Induced With Ultrasound: A Mathematical Model,
2014
Brigham Young University
Phase Transitions Of Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion Induced With Ultrasound: A Mathematical Model, William G. Pitt, Ram N. Singh, Krystian X. Perez, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Daniel R. Jack
Faculty Publications
While ultrasound has been used in many medical and industrial applications, only recently has research been done on phase transformations induced by ultrasound. This paper presents a numerical model and the predicted results of the phase transformation of a spherical nanosized droplet of perfluorocarbon in water. Such a model has applications in acoustic droplet vaporization, the generation of gas bubbles for medical imaging, therapeutic delivery and other biomedical applications. The formation of a gas phase and the subsequent bubble dynamics were studied as a function of acoustic parameters, such as frequency and amplitude, and of the physical aspects of the …
Electrochemical Oxidation Of Ammonium Nitrite In Absorption Solution Of Flue Gas,
2014
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China;
Electrochemical Oxidation Of Ammonium Nitrite In Absorption Solution Of Flue Gas, Yong-Hong Lu, Xiao-Bo Dong, Li-Sha Wang, Yan Liu, Chen-Jian Zhu, Hai-Bo Xu
Journal of Electrochemistry
In order to make full uses of ammonium nitrite in absorption solution from flue gas simultaneous desulfurization, denitrification and demercurization processes, here the electrochemical oxidation method was used to transform ammonium nitrite into ammonium nitrate. By using polarization curve, cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatic methods, suitable electrode materials were evaluated and chosen. The influence of electrolyte composition was discussed and the appropriate process parameters were obtained. Finally, the effect of electrochemical oxidation was confirmed by chemical analysis method. In 0.05 mol·L-1 NaNO2 + 0.05 mol·L-1 (NH4)2SO4 simulated absorption solution (5 L, pH = …
Study On Carbon Supported Pd Catalysts Modified By Phosphomolybdic Acid For H2O2 Electrocatalytic Reduction,
2014
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, TongLiao 028000, Inner Mongolia, China;
Study On Carbon Supported Pd Catalysts Modified By Phosphomolybdic Acid For H2O2 Electrocatalytic Reduction, Li-Mei Sun, Cheng Zhang, Ying-Rong Bao, Hong-Xia Li
Journal of Electrochemistry
The Pd/C catalyst was prepared with the chemical reduction method, and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) was modified on the Pd/C catalyst using the dipping method. The compositions and structures of the Pd/C and Pd/C modified by phosphomolybdic acid (PMA-Pd/C) catalysts were characterized with X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the catalysts for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results showed that the phosphomolybdic acid was tightly fixed on the surface of Pd/C catalyst through the chemical interaction. The eletrocatalytic activity of …
Preparation Of Pd/Tio2/C Catalyst And Its Electrocatalytic Performance In Basic Solution For Ethanol Oxidation,
2014
Key laboratory of Shanghai Colleges and Universities for Electric Power Corrosion Control and Applied Electrochemistry, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China;
Preparation Of Pd/Tio2/C Catalyst And Its Electrocatalytic Performance In Basic Solution For Ethanol Oxidation, Qiao-Xia Li, Yi-Chao Yang, Ming-Shuang Liu, Hong-Min Mao, Qun-Jie Xu
Journal of Electrochemistry
Nanoparticles TiO2 were prepared by hydrothermal method using precursor tetrabutyl titanate. The Pd/TiO2/C catalyst was synthesized by liquid phase reducing method supported on nano TiO2 and Vulcan carbon XC-72. The Pd/TiO2/C catalyst was characterized by XRD, TEM, cyclic voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry. XRD confirmed the face-centered cubic structure of Pd particles, and TEM indicated that Pd particles (size 3 ~ 4 nm) dispersed uniformly on TiO2 and carbon XC-72. The results from cyclic voltammogram and chronopotentiogram showed the higher ethanol oxidation activity and stability of Pd/TiO2/C catalyst (20% Pd) as compared with …
Pulse Electrodeposition Of Pd-Ni Alloy Nanoparticles For Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Formic Acid,
2014
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China;
Pulse Electrodeposition Of Pd-Ni Alloy Nanoparticles For Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Formic Acid, Fang-Zu Yang, Jun-Pei Yue, Zhong-Qun Tian, Shao-Min Zhou
Journal of Electrochemistry
The Pd-Ni alloy nanoparticles with nickel atomic contents of 12.0%, 16.4% and 22.6% were successfully electrodeposited from a Pd-Ni alloy electrolyte by square wave pulse plating. The alloy nanoparticles were in the spherical shape with a diameter of 50 ~ 80 nm. As the growth potential of the alloy was negatively shifted, the nickel content of the alloy was increased, and the size of the nanoparticles was almost the same, whereas the number, the degree of crosslinking and the real active area of the nanoparticles were increased. As the nickel content of the alloy nanoparticles increased, the peak current for …
Synthesis And Electrochemical Properties Of Lico1-XMgXMno4 And Lico1-XAlXMno4 (X= 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1) As Positive Materials For Lithium-Ion Batteries,
2014
Department of Chemistry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 35007, China;
Synthesis And Electrochemical Properties Of Lico1-XMgXMno4 And Lico1-XAlXMno4 (X= 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1) As Positive Materials For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Mei-Ling You, Qing-Song Tong, Xiu-Hua Li, Min Lin, Xing-Kang Huang, Yong Yang
Journal of Electrochemistry
The Al-doped and Mg-doped LiCoMnO4 materials were synthesized through solid-state reaction. The effects of doping amounts of Mg and Al on the initial capacities, discharge plateaus, and cycle performances were investigated. The morphologies and structures of the as-prepared materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the as-prepared samples were composed of uniform, well-crystallized particles. The pristine LiCoMnO4 possessed an initial capacity of 87.0 mAh·g-1, while LiCo0.98Mg0.02MnO4 and LiCo0.98Al0.02MnO4 delivered 91.3 and 93.6 mAh·g-1, respectively. The proper …
Fabrication And Impedance Performance Of Gradient Lani0.6Fe0.4O3-δ-Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 Composite Cathodes For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,
2014
Institute of Fuel Cell, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
Fabrication And Impedance Performance Of Gradient Lani0.6Fe0.4O3-δ-Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 Composite Cathodes For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Yang Li, Bo Huang, Meng Yuan, Zhi-Qiu Zhang, Zong-Yao Liu, Xu-Chen Tang, Xin-Jian Zhu
Journal of Electrochemistry
A LNF-GDC composite cathode with a gradual change in the composition between ScSZ electrolyte and LNF cathode was fabricated to reduce the cathode polarization resistance (Rp). The gradual change in composition between ScSZ electrolyte and LNF cathode shows the decreases in the charge transfer resistance (Rct) and gas phase diffusion resistance (Rd). The results revealed that the Rp value, measuring 0.452 Ω·cm2 at 750 °C, was the lowest for LNF-GDC composite cathodes with three layers and gradient changes in composition between ScSZ and LNF (Cathode C),, whereas the Rp value of 70%LNF-30%GDC composite …
Interplay Between Chain Stiffness And Excluded Volume Of Semiflexible Polymers Confined In Nanochannels,
2014
University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
Interplay Between Chain Stiffness And Excluded Volume Of Semiflexible Polymers Confined In Nanochannels, Abhiram Muralidhar, Douglas R. Tree, Yanwei Wang, Kevin D. Dorfman
Faculty Publications
The properties of channel-confined semiflexible polymers are determined by a complicated interplay of chain stiffness and excluded volume effects. Using Pruned-Enriched Rosenbluth Method (PERM) simulations, we study the equilibrium properties of channel-confined polymers by systematically controlling chain stiffness and excluded volume. Our calculations of chain extension and confinement free energy for freely jointed chains with and without excluded volume show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. For ideal wormlike chains, the extension is seen to crossover from Odijk behavior in strong confinement to zero-stretching, bulk-like behavior in weak confinement. In contrast, for self-avoiding wormlike chains, we always observe that the linear …
Preparation Of Radiation-Grafted Powders For Use As Anion Exchange Ionomers In Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells,
2014
University of South Carolina - Columbia
Preparation Of Radiation-Grafted Powders For Use As Anion Exchange Ionomers In Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, Simon D. Poynton, Robert C. T. Slade, Travis J. Omasta, William E. Mustain, Ricardo Escudero-Cid, Pilar Ocón, John R. Varcoe
Faculty Publications
A novel alkaline exchange ionomer (AEI) was prepared from the radiation-grafting of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) [ETFE] powders with powder particle sizes of less than 100 μm diameter. Quaternisation of the VBC grafted ETFE powders with trimethylamine resulted in AEIs that were chemically the same as the ETFE-based radiation-grafted alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEM) that had been previously developed for use in low temperature alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFC). The integration of the AEI powders into the catalyst layers (CL) of both electrodes resulted in a H2/O2 fuel cell peak power density of 240 mW cm−2 …
