Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation Commons^™

Common Treatments And Procedures Used For Fractures Of The Distal Radius And Scaphoid: A Review, Basel A. Khader, Mark R. Towler

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The distal radius and the scaphoid are the most commonly injured carpal bones among both active adults and the osteoporotic elderly. The purpose of surgical treatment is to restore form and function to the wrist. Depending on the nature of the fracture, either topical procedures or invasive surgery can be applied. This article critiques the treatments currently used for fixation of wrist fractures in order to drive the development of new materials to improve patient outcomes.

Shear Driven Micro-Fluidic Pump For Cardiovascular Applications, Nihad E. Daidzic

Aviation Department Publications

A valveless shear-driven micro-fluidic pump design (SDMFP) for hemodynamic applications is presented in this work. One of the possible medical and biomedical applications is in-vivo hemodynamic (human blood circulation) support/assist. One or more SDMFPs can be inserted/implanted into vascular lumens in a form of a stent/duct in series and/or in parallel (bypass duct) to support blood circulation in-vivo. A comprehensive review of various micro-pump designs up to about mid 2000’s is given in [1,2]. Many of micropump designs considered are not suitable for in-vivo or even in-vitro medical/biomedical applications.

Operating principles, design, and SDMFP features are given in [3]. A …

A Novel Biochamberfor Modeling Of Atherosclerotic Arteries: In Vitro Capabilities And Applications, Iman Salafian, Angelos Karagiannis, Benjamin S. Terry, Yiannis S. Chatzizisis

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that involves the lipid accumulation and inflammation of the arterial wall [1,2]. Despite great efforts,its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Existent drugs can reduce its progression but there are no available drugs to prevent its complications [3,4]. Atherosclerosis remains the leading global cause of death[5].

The purpose of this work is to design and build a customized biochamber which can be used for the following studies:

•Study the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in vitro & ex vivo

•Investigate the mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque disruption

•Examine the direct effect of different anti-atherosclerotic drugs on lesions

•Use …

Repair And Regeneration Of Chondral Defects: An In Vitro Study Demonstrating Feasibility And Mechanism Under Low Intensity Ultrasound, Neety Sahu, Anuradha Subramanian

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Holistic repair of damaged cartilage remains an unsolved biomedical problem. Current methods that employ microfracture (MF) or autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACT) or tissue engineered strategies yield inferior repaired cartilage (Fig. 1). Lack of chondroinductive factors at the site of injury, in vivo, has been identified as a factor that limits repair. Clinically amenable strategies that can improve repair are desired. A novel clinically translatable repair strategy based on low-intensity-ultrasound (US) is proposed (Fig.2). Differently from all approaches that use US, our approach employs US at the cell resonant frequency where bioeffects are maximized. We have shown that US impacts the …

Developing An Imaging Biomarker To Detect Aberrant Brain Connectivity In Individual Patients, Esther Cox

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) has been proven to be a valuable tool in clinical applications such as pre-surgical mapping, but there is not yet a functional and usable algorithm that can be used by physicians in a clinical setting to evaluate an individual patient for diseases and aberrant brain connectivity. If a physician wants to evaluate a patient in this way, the rsfMRI data must be looked at “by hand,” i.e. the physician must manually evaluate the data and identify the functional ICN’s and whether they are normal or aberrant. An algorithm that would automate this process and supplement …

Computational And Performance Analysis Of A Continuous Magnetophoretic Bioseparation Chip With Alternating Magnetic Fields, Matin Golozar, Majid Molki, Jeff Darabi

SIUE Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

This paper presents the modeling and optimization of a magnetophoretic bioseparation chip for isolating cells, such as circulating tumor cells from the peripheral blood. The chip consists of a continuous-flow microfluidic platform that contains locally engineered magnetic field gradients. The high-gradient magnetic field produced by the magnets is spatially non-uniform and gives rise to an attractive force on magnetic particles flowing through a fluidic channel. Simulations of the particle–fluid transport and the magnetic force are performed to predict the trajectories and capture lengths of the particles within the fluidic channel. The computational model takes into account key forces, such as …

A Novel Hybrid Imaging System To Aid In Surgical Decision Making, Lawrence Yip, Madeleine Van De Kleut, Ivan Kosik, Astrid Chamson-Reig, Jeffrey Jl Carson

Western Research Forum

Background:

Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all cancer cases among women. In breast-conserving surgery, a common treatment, the tumour is excised with a healthy tissue margin. However, detection of the margin can be difficult. Current techniques to guide excision are often insufficient, and re-excision can occur up to 25% of the time.

Methods:

Photoacoustic imaging is a hybrid imaging modality that combines the advantages of optical imaging and ultrasound while using safe non-ionizing light. This project involves the development of a novel imaging system with a new scanner design to overcome common limitations and provide images to aid in …

A Novel Tantalum-Containing Bioglass. Part I. Structure And Solubility, Adel Mf Alhalawani, Mark R. Towler

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Bio glasses are employed for surgical augmentation in a range of hard tissue applications. Tantalum is a bioactive and biocompatible transition metal that has been used as an orthopedic medical device. It has a range of biological and physical properties that make its incorporation into ionic form into bioactive glass systems promising for various clinical applications. The work herein reports the characterization and properties of novel tantalum-containing glasses. A series of glasses based on the system 48SiO₂-(36-X)ZnO-6CaO-8SrO-2P₂O₅-XTa₂O₅ with X varying from 0 mol% (TA0) to 0.5 mol% (TA2) were synthesized. The …

Characterization And Fracture Property Of Different Strontium-Containing Borate-Based Glass Coatings For Ti6al4v Substrates, Yiming Li, Ali Matinmanesh, Declan J. Curran, Emil H. Schemitsch, Paul Zalzal, Marcello Papini, Anthony W. Wren, Mark R. Towler

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This work considered the effect of increasing Strontium ion (Sr²⁺) content on the structure of a series of glasses based on the B₂O₃-P₂O₅-CaCO₃-Na₂CO₃-TiO₂-SrCO₃ series and their resultant fracture toughness when coated onto a surgical metal substrate. Six glasses with increasing Sr²⁺ content (0 to 25 mol%) were synthesized and subsequently characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and both Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR) and Raman Spectroscopy. These techniques confirmed that increased Sr²⁺ content induced …

Redesign Of Computer Keyboards For Hospital And Consumer Use, Kent Williams, Brian Jensen, Anton Bowden

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

Application of carbon nanotube coatings to computer keyboards in order to reduce the spread of bacteria in hospitals and homes.

Keywords: carbon nanotube, bacteria, antimicrobial, keyboard, design, MRSA, biofilm

A Nanocomposite Sensor Neck Sleeve For Tracking In Vivo Spine Kinematics In The Alpaca, Colton Porter Graham, Anton Bowden

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

Chronic low back pain in the US is often attributed to intervertebral disc degeneration. Camelids, particularly alpacas, pose a potential model for spinal treatment due to similarity of the spinal structure and vertical loading. Alpacas also exhibit a high rate of natural disc degeneration. To gain more understanding about how disc degeneration is caused in alpacas it is necessary to understand the loading and motion of the alpaca cervical spine. The goal of the present work was to incorporate nanocomposite sensors into a custom-designed neck sleeve to track the daily in-vivo neck motion of an alpaca in its natural environment.

Structural Mrsa Resistance Through Carbon-Infiltrated Carbon Nanotube Coating Of External Fixator Pins, Jaclyn Larsen, Stephanie Morco, Brian Jensen, Anton Bowden

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

No abstract provided.

Resorption Rate Of Bioresorbable Materials For Possible Use In Self-Expanding Stents, Jared R. Park, Jason Porter, Anton Bowden

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

This study investigates the mechanical behavior of various polymers after a period of degradation from exposure to a Saline Solution. The study found that PLA and PDLLA do not have significant degradation over a period of 2 months, while PLA has a sharp decrease in strength after 7 days.

Design And Evaluation Of 3d Printed Features To Improve Stability Of Plasma-Cell Pack Interface In Bacteria Separating Hollow Spinning Disk, Colin G. Bledsoe, Ryan L. Wood, Daneil S. Mcclellan, Dr. William G. Pitt

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

PDF submission of abstract.

Towards A Bioselective Surface For Treatment Of Sepsis In A Hemoperfusion Device, Karl F. Schilke, Ramya Raman, Bonan Yu, Erik Hahn, Jonathan Su

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

Sepsis is a dysregulated immune response to circulating bacteria/endotoxin. Hemoperfusion is a promising treatment, but is not universally effective and can unacceptable blood damage. We are developing protein-repellent hydrogel nanofilms that can be grown on a variety of surfaces, and functionalized with “click-ready” pathogen-binding proteins expressed by Genetic Code Expansion (GCE). The extremely rapid, bioorthogonal “click” immobilization chemistry eliminates prior purification, maximizes surface loading, and guarantees spatial orientation of the immobilized proteins. We have demonstrated pathogen binding and blood protein repulsion by these layers, suggesting that they may be part of effective treatments for sepsis and other applications.

The Recovery Glove System- A Sensor Driven Glove With Interactive Games For Fine Motor Skill Disabilities, Brian Lee, Oscar Ledezma, Jonathan Rey, Nicholas Alvarado, Deborah Won

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

Hand mobility is commonly impaired in stroke victims. Treatment for hand impairment range from therapist-guided physical exercises to robotically controlled exoskeletons. However, A more effective treatment which actually restores hand mobility is by encouraging patients to carry out hand movements themselves.We have designed an Arduino based hand therapy device in which the user interacts with a computer graphic interface (CGI) game controlled by a glove was embedded with a force sensing resistor (FSR) at each of the fingertips except for the thumb. The interactive therapy guides the user through exercises and provides live, quantitative information by which the stroke patient …

3d Printed Microfluidics, Hua Gong, Clayton Ramstedt, Adam T. Woolley, Gregory P. Nordin

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

3D printing for microfluidic (lab-on-a-chip) devices

Ultrasonic Power Transfer For Medical Implants, Kee S. Moon, Yusuf Ozturk, Sung Q. Lee, Woosub Youm, Guun Hwang, H. W. Park

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

Wireless power transmission is an attractive alternative to low-power biomedical implants to overcome the power limitation of the primary battery. In this paper, we are presenting an efficient ultrasonic wireless power transmission system for implantable medical devices. It is known that the ultrasonic wireless power transmission has a longer power transmission distance as well as free from electromagnetic interference and absorption in the human body. In this research, an ultrasonic resonance will be applied to improve the power transmission efficiency as well as the distance.

Heart Pump Modelling: Design Of Pulsatile Flow Phantoms, Olivia Coiado, Kevin Jones, Parker Schibel, Nicolas De Almeida

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

The purpose of this project is to build a model, which mimics physiological conditions of the human cardiovascular system in order to simulate the parameters of the human heart in vivo. For this project, it was developed a flow phantom with vessel mimicking material, as well as blood-mimicking and tissue-mimicking fluid. Phantoms in general are specifically designed objects involving dedicated biomaterials to simulate special realistic circuits of human beings. To develop the flow phantom, low-priced biomaterials for blood mimicking fluid, tissue mimicking, and vessel mimicking material was researched.

Keywords: Cardiovascular system, heart pump, modelling, pulsatile.

Biophysical Tools To Study Cellular Mechanotransduction, Ismeel Muhamed, Farhan Chowdhury, Venkat Maruthamuthu

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The cell membrane is the interface that volumetrically isolates cellular components from the cell's environment. Proteins embedded within and on the membrane have varied biological functions: reception of external biochemical signals, as membrane channels, amplification and regulation of chemical signals through secondary messenger molecules, controlled exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, organized recruitment and sequestration of cytosolic complex proteins, cell division processes, organization of the cytoskeleton and more. The membrane's bioelectrical role is enabled by the physiologically controlled release and accumulation of electrochemical potential modulating molecules across the membrane through specialized ion channels (e.g., Na^⁺, Ca²⁺, K^⁺ channels). …